{{Short description|Scholar with a doctorate in both civil and church law}} {{redirect-several|dab=no|Doctor of Law|DJ Uiagalelei|Jud (disambiguation)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2025}} {{canon law}} A '''doctor of both laws''' (from the Latin {{lang|la|doctor juris utriusque}}, {{lang|la|doctor utriusque juris}}, or {{lang|la|juris utriusque doctor}}, "doctor of both laws"; abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a [[scholar]] who has acquired a [[doctorate]] in both [[civil law (legal system)|civil]] and [[canon law|church law]]. The degree was common among [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] and German scholars<ref>Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Armgardt, Matthias. [http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1021-545X2014000100003 Leibniz as a legal scholar]. Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014. Accessed 7 May 2016.</ref> of the Middle Ages and early modern times.
Today, the degree is awarded by the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] after a period of six years of study, the [[University of Würzburg]], the [[University of Fribourg]], and the [[University of Cologne]].<ref>[https://jura.uni-koeln.de/forschung/promotion/promotionsordnung#c49476, ''Promotionsordnung der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln vom 26. Oktober 2010 §1 II'']</ref> The [[Catholic University of America]] does not award the {{lang|la|doctor utriusque juris}} as a single degree, but instead offers a dual doctorate in canon and civil law.<ref>{{cite web |title=Program Requirements |url=https://canonlaw.catholic.edu/academics/degree-programs/dual-degree-program/requirements/index.html |publisher=Catholic University of America |access-date=11 December 2025}}</ref>
Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries, European students of law mastered the ''Ius commune'', a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws".<ref>Pennington, Kenneth. [http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Law508/Blurb.htm Course Description: Roman Law and the Ius Commune] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225055932/http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Law508/Blurb.htm |date=25 February 2015 }}</ref> or of "Licentiatus of both laws".
==Doctors of Civil and Canon Law== *[[Antonio Agliardi]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals|Camerlengo]] of the [[Sacred College of Cardinals]] *[[Antonio Arregui Yarza]], [[Metropolitan Archbishop]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil]], [[Ecuador]] *[[Thomas Bach]] *[[Bernardo Bembo]] *[[Pope Benedict XIV]] *[[Anthony Bevilacqua]], Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA) *[[Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin]] * [[St. Charles Borromeo]] * [[Edoardo Borromeo]] * [[Sebastian Brant]] * [[Giacomo Luigi Brignole]] * [[Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)]] * [[Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo]] * [[Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès]] * [[Giovanni Battista Caprara]] * [[Filippo Giudice Caracciolo]] * [[Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto]] * [[Francesco Carafa di Trajetto]] * [[Pier Luigi Carafa (1677–1755)|Pier Luigi Carafa]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]], [[Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals|Camerlengo]] of the [[Sacred College of Cardinals]], [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] * [[Luigi Dadaglio]], Cardinal, [[Apostolic Penitentiary|Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary]] * [[Antonio Despuig y Dameto]] * [[Michele di Pietro]] * [[Domenico Ferrata]], Cardinal, [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] * [[Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti]] * [[Michael J. Fitzgerald (bishop)|Michael J. Fitzgerald]], Auxiliary Bishop of the [[Archdiocese of Philadelphia]]<ref>Official Biography. {{cite web |url=http://archphila.org/offices/Fitzgerald.php |title=Bishop Fitzgerald |access-date=26 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418104339/http://archphila.org/offices/Fitzgerald.php |archive-date=18 April 2014 }}</ref> * [[Enrico Gasparri]], Cardinal, [[Apostolic Signatura|Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura]] * [[Pietro Gasparri]], Cardinal, Secretary of State, codifier of [[1917 Code of Canon Law]] * [[Pietro Giannelli]] * [[Giacomo Giustiniani]] * [[Józef Glemp]], Cardinal, [[Archdiocese of Warsaw|late Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw]] ([[Poland]]) * Archbishop [[Filippo Iannone]], appointed Vicegerent of the [[Diocese of Rome]] 31 January 2012 * [[Stephan Kuttner]], Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law * [[Carlo Laurenzi]] * [[Pope Leo XIII]] * [[Alphonsus Maria de Liguori]], Bishop of [[Sant'Agata de' Goti]] * [[Jerome Edward Listecki|Listecki, Jerome Edward]], Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA) * [[Vincenzo Macchi]] * [[Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei]] * [[Teodolfo Mertel]], last [[lay cardinal]] in the Catholic Church * [[Denzil Meuli]], priest of the diocese of Auckland * Alfonso Ortiz, editor of the Mozarabic Missal (1500) and Breviary (1502) * [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi|J. K. Paasikivi]], President of Finland * [[Giovanni Panico]], cardinal and nuncio * [[Salvatore Pappalardo (cardinal)|Salvatore Pappalardo]], Cardinal, [[Archbishop of Palermo]] ([[Italy]]) * [[Thomas J. Paprocki]], Bishop of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois]] (USA) * [[Edward N. Peters|Peters, Edward N.]], Catholic University of America, 1991 * [[Luigi Poggi]], Cardinal, [[Vatican Secret Archives|Archivist]] and [[Vatican Library|Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church]] * [[Mario Francesco Pompedda]], Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura * [[Pietro Respighi]], Cardinal, [[Basilica of St. John Lateran|Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran]] * [[Gabriele della Genga Sermattei]] * [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg|K. J. Ståhlberg]], President of Finland * [[Alessandro Verde]], Cardinal, [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore|Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore]] (Italy) * [[Pietro Vidoni]] * [[Carlo Maria Viganò]], Archbishop at the centre of the [[Vatileaks scandal]] * [[Jan Wężyk]] * [[Van Dievoet family|Jean-Baptiste van Dievoet]] (1775-1862) JUL (Juris Utriusque Licentiatus) of the [[Old University of Leuven]]. * [[Antonín Theodor Colloredo-Waldsee]], Cardinal, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Olomouc|Archbishop of Olomouc]]
==See also== *[[Doctor of Canon Law]] *[[Legum Doctor]]
==References== {{Reflist}}
{{Academic degrees}}
[[Category:Doctoral degrees|Laws, Doctor]] [[Category:Law degrees]] [[Category:Religious degrees|Laws, Doctor]] [[Category:Dual academic degrees]] [[Category:Academic canon law]] [[Category:Canon law jurists|*]]