Dmitry Troshchinsky

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Dmitry Prokofievich Troshchinsky | native_name = Дмитрий Прокофьевич Трощинский | native_name_lang =  | image = Trostschchinsky.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = Portrait of a work by [[Vladimir Borovikovsky|Borovikovsky]] (1796/99) | order = | office = [[List of Ministers of Justice of Russia|Minister of Justice]] | status =  | term_start = August 30, 1814 | term_end = August 25, 1817 | alongside =  | monarch = | president = | governor_general = | taoiseach = | chancellor = | governor = | chair = | deputy = | lieutenant = | vicechair = | succeeding =  | constituency = | majority = | predecessor = [[Ivan Dmitriev]] | successor = [[Dmitry Lobanov-Rostovsky|Dmitry Lobanov–Rostovsky]] | prior_term = | order2 =  | office2 = [[Ministry of the Imperial Court|Minister of the Court and Inheritance]] | term_start2 = 1802 | term_end2 = 1806 | alongside2 =  | monarch2 =  | president2 =  | governor_general2 =  | prime_minister2 =  | chancellor2 =  | taoiseach2 =  | governor2 =  | chair2 =  | vice_president2 =  | vice_prime_minister2 =  | deputy2 =  | lieutenant2 =  | vicechair2 =  | succeeding2 =  | predecessor2 = [[Nikolay Yusupov]] | successor2 = [[Dmitry Guryev]] | parliamentary_group2 =  | constituency2 =  | majority2 =  | prior_term2 =  | office3 = [[Governing Senate|Senator of the Russian Empire]] | term_start3 = 1796 | term_end3 = 1800 | office4 = [[Cabinet Secretary of the Russian Empire|Cabinet Secretary]] | term_start4 = 1793 | term_end4 = 1795 | predecessor4 = [[Gavrila Derzhavin|Gavriil Derzhavin]] | successor4 = [[Adrian Gribovsky]] | pronunciation = | birth_date = October 26, 1749 | birth_place = | death_date = February 26, 1829 (aged 79) | death_place = | citizenship = | party = | other_party =  | height =  | partner =  | relations = Troshchinsky family | children = | parents =  | mother =  | father = Prokofy Troshchinsky | relatives = | education = [[Kyiv Mohyla Academy]] | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth =  | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = [[Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky]] <br> [[Order of Saint Vladimir]] <br> [[Order of Saint Anna]] <br> Order of Saint John of Jerusalem | blank1 = | data1 = | blank2 = | data2 = | blank3 = | data3 = | blank4 = | data4 = | blank5 = | data5 = | signature = | signature_alt = | website =  | nickname = | allegiance = | branch = | rank = | unit = | commands = | battles = | mawards =  | military_blank1 = | military_data1 = | military_blank2 = | military_data2 = | military_blank3 = | military_data3 = | military_blank4 = | military_data4 = | military_blank5 = | military_data5 =  | module = | module2 = | module3 = | module4 = | module5 = | footnotes = }} '''Dmitry Prokofievich Troshchinsky''' ({{langx|ru|Дмитрий Прокофьевич Трощинский}}; {{Langx|uk|Дмитро Прокопович Трощинський}}; October 26, 1749 – February 26, 1829) was a [[Russian Empire|Russian Imperial]] statesman, senior [[Cabinet Secretary of the Russian Empire|Cabinet Secretary]] (1793–98), [[Prosecutor General of the Russian Empire|Prosecutor General]] (1814–17), [[Privy Councillor (Russia)|Privy Councilor]], senator, owner of the serf theater.<ref>[http://lingua.russianplanet.ru/library/from1812/namesindex.htm Name Index]</ref>

==Biography== Coming from the noble family of Troshchinsky. His great-grandfather – the [[Hadiach Regiment|Hadiach colonel]] Stepan Troshchinsky – was the nephew of hetman [[Ivan Mazepa]]. Dmitry's father, Prokofy Troshchinsky, was a [[Cossack starshyna|Bunchuk comrade]] in the [[Cossack Hetmanate|Hetmanate]].

At the end of the course at the [[Kyiv Mohyla Academy|Kiev Academy]], Dmitry Troshchinsky joined the [[Collegium of Little Russia (1722–27)|Little Russian Collegium]]. He received the rank of regimental clerk in 1773. Being sent to [[Moldova|Moldavia]] at the disposal of Prince [[Nikolai Vasilyeich Repnin|Nikolai Repnin]], Troshchinsky soon attracted the attention of the prince, who did not part with him until 1787, by his industriousness and efficiency. This year, [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]] took a [[Crimean journey of Catherine the Great|trip to the Crimea]]; she was accompanied by Count [[Alexander Bezborodko]]. Prince Repnin recommended to him Troshchinsky, as a reliable and experienced official.

In 1793, Troshchinsky was appointed a member of the Main Post Office and elevated to the rank of [[Cabinet Secretary of the Russian Empire|Secretary of State]]. This gave him the opportunity to attract the attention of [[Catherine the Great|Catherine II]]. In 1796, he received from the empress the town of [[Kaharlyk|Kagarlyk]] in the [[Kiev Governorate]], the entire Kagarlyk village headquarters, as well as two village headquarters in the [[Podolian Governorate|Podolsk Governorate]]. Troshchinsky accompanied emperor Paul I to Moscow for the coronation and was appointed [[Governing Senate|senator]] and present in the council established at the educational society of noble maidens.

In 1800, he was dismissed from all posts and (according to [[Natan Eidelman|Nathan Eidelman]]) took part in a conspiracy against Paul I. After the coup of 1801, he was reinstated in all posts and appointed by Emperor [[Alexander I of Russia|Alexander I]] a member of the [[Permanent Council of the Russian Empire|Permanent State Council]] and head of the Postal Directorate of the empire, and when the ministries were established, he became the Minister of Allotments. Troshchinsky is also known for the fact that he wrote the famous manifesto on the accession to the throne of Alexander I, in which the tsar abdicated the policies of Paul I and solemnly vowed "to rule by God, as the people handed over to us according to the laws and in the heart of God, the honourable grandmother of our sovereign Empress Catherine the Great".

[[File:SkobeevaVladimir Borovikovsky.jpg|left|170px|thumb|Skobeeva (her name is unknown) – daughter of the Kronstadt sailor, pupil and favorite of Dmitry Troshchinsky]]

Troshchinsky held the post of Minister of Allotments from 1802 to 1806, then he retired and moved to live in the village of Kibintsy, Mirgorod Uyezd. The Poltava [[nobility]] chose him as the provincial marshal.

From 1814 to 1817, Troshchinsky was the Minister of Justice. Having retired, he remained in [[Saint Petersburg]] for about five years, and then moved to Kibintsy, where he gathered the local landowners. Among the latter were the Gogol–Yanovsky family, the relatives of Troshchinsky by brother. Thanks to Troshchinsky, [[Nikolai Gogol]] was enrolled in the Nizhyn gymnasium.

He had extensive possessions in the Poltava Region, the Kiev Region, in [[Podolia]] and the Voronezh Province (over 70,000 dessiatins). In last years, Troshchinsky lived in his Khorbintsy estate in Mirgorod. He was a friend and patron of many Ukrainian writers and artists, in particular [[Vasily Kapnist]], Pavel Koropchevsky, Miklashevsky, Yakov Markevich, Vasily Lomikovsky, [[Vasili Gogol-Yanovsky|Vasily Gogol]], [[Vladimir Borovikovsky]], Artemy Vedel. Through his friend Osip Kamenetsky, Troshchinsky was one of the initiators of the first edition of the [[Eneyida|Aeneid]] by [[Ivan Kotliarevsky|Ivan Kotlyarevsky]] (1798). In Kibintsy, Troshchinsky had a home theater, which he directed from 1812 with the help of Vasily Kapnist and Vasily Gogol-Yanovsky.

Troshchinsky collected a rich library, sold in parts after his death in different hands. He died of "dropsy in the chest" on February 26, 1829, in Kibintsy, leaving a very significant condition: 6 thousand souls of serfs, a house in Petersburg and Kiev, movable property worth about 1 million rubles.<ref>Russian Antiquity. 1882. Book 6. Page 654</ref> He bequeathed a significant part of his wealth to his senior nephew Andrei Troshchinsky.

Troshchinsky was not married, but had secondary children – his son Dmitry (October 25, 1802 – ?, born in Saint Petersburg, the godson of Colonel Andrei Troshchinsky),<ref>Central State Historical Archive of Saint Petersburg. Fund 19. Inventory 111. Case 131. Page 14</ref> and daughter Nadezhda (she died of consumption in 1817), she was married to an officer, Prince Ivan Khilkov, who soon left, according to Gogol, he was "a big comedian and an old sinner". Their daughter Praskovya Ivanovna (1804–1829) became the wife (1827) of Major General Baron Stanislav Karlovich [[Osten-Sacken|Osten-Saken]] (1789–1863).

According to a contemporary, Troshchinsky "loved her granddaughter dearly, meanwhile, she was completely convinced that she was his only heiress and eagerly expected what her fate would be decided. When reading the spiritual, the old man called her a pupil and left her 800 souls in the Kiev province. This news struck her so much that she fell ill, soon gave birth, and died three weeks after the death of Troshchinsky, leaving her husband and little orphan daughter",<ref>Sophia Kapnist–Skalon. Memoirs // Notes of Russian Women of the 18th – First Half of the 19th Century – Moscow: Sovremennik, 1990 – Pages 281–388</ref> Elena, who died in 1835, in despair. After her death, Andrei Troshchinsky tried in court to rob the baron of Osten-Saken, but lost the case. In 1837, the side daughters of Prince Khilkov, Countess Alexandra Efimovskaya and Natalya Ushakova, began a lawsuit with the baron, trying to prove that they were the legal heirs of their deceased half-sister Praskovya Khilkova, but in 1851 all their arguments were recognized as having no legal basis.

==Awards== *Order of Saint Vladimir, 2nd class (September 22, 1794); *Order of Saint Anna, 2nd class; *Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky; *Order of Saint John of Jerusalem.

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ЭСБЕ/Трощинский,_Дмитрий_Прокофьевич Dmitry Prokofievich Troshchinsky] // [[Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary]]: in 86 Volumes (82 Volumes and 4 Additional) – Saint Petersburg, 1890–1907 *[http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_t/troshinsky.html hrono.ru]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Troshchinsky, Dmitry}} [[Category:1749 births]] [[Category:1829 deaths]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class]] [[Category:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class]] [[Category:Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)]]