{{Short description|Russian photographer}} {{Infobox artist | name = Dmitri Ivanovich Yermakov | image = File:Dimitri Ermakov (autoportret).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Self-portrait | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | birth_date = 1845 / 1846 | birth_place = Tiflis, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1916|11|10|1846|df=y}} | death_place = | resting_place = | residence = | education = | alma_mater = | known_for = Photographer | notable_works = | style = | movement = Orientalist | spouse = | partner = | awards = | elected = | patrons = | memorials = | website = | module = }}
'''Dmitri Ivanovich Yermakov''' ({{langx|ru|Дмитрий Иванович Ермаков}}) (1845 / 1846 – 10 November 1916) was a Russian photographer known for his series of the Caucasian photographs.
==Life and career== thumb|left|Dmitri Yermakov and family, 1896
Yermakov was born in 1846 in the Caucasus; sources variously give his birthplace as Nakhchivan (present-day Azerbaijan) or Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi, Georgia).<ref name=rosphoto>{{Cite web|url=https://rosphoto.org/dmitry-ermakov-article/|title=РОСФОТО Светопись Дмитрия Ермакова|website=rosphoto.org}}</ref> His father was the Italian architect Luigi Cambiagio who moved to Tiflis from Odessa,<ref name=med>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medpsy.ru/mprj/archiv_global/2011_2_7/nomer/nomer20.php|title=Рождественский В.И. , Сироткин С.Ф. "Иван Дмитриевич Ермаков: контуры биографии и творчества".|website=www.medpsy.ru}}</ref> his mother was from a German-speaking community in Tiflis.<ref name=molla>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/molla-nasreddin/tiflis-and-its-hybrid-artistic-community/9F332B1FD2D862BD7F8D1CC98431AB77|title=Molla Nasreddin: The Making of a Modern Trickster, 1906-1911 |chapter=Chapter 3 - Tiflis and its Hybrid Artistic Community |editor-first1=Janet|editor-last1=Afary|editor-first2=Kamran|editor-last2=Afary|date=March 18, 2022|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|pages=125-127}}</ref> She remarried the Russian Yermakov whose surname Dmitry took.{{cn|date=March 2026}} In the early 1860s Yermakov completed a one-year course at the Military Topographic Depot attached to the headquarters of the Separate Caucasus Corps, where he trained in topographic surveying and printing.<ref name=rosphoto/>
Yermakov married Anna Bihold. They have three children: two sons, Ivan, who became a psychiatrist, and Alexander, who also became a photographer, and a daughter, Ludmila.<ref name=med/>
In the late 1860s Yermakov partnered with the painter Pyotr Kolchin (1838–1890s) and opened his first portrait photostudio in Tiflis. Around 1870 he opened his own studio, where he began systematically photographing various ethnic groups of the Caucasus.<ref name=rosphoto/>
In 1871 Yermakov sent a collection of photographs to Paris and was admitted to the French Photographic Society. In 1872 he joined a lengthy archaeological expedition across Asian and European Turkey, photographing architectural monuments and landscapes as far as Varna. In the early 1870s he submitted a collection of views of Turkish Armenia to the Russian Geographical Society.<ref name=rosphoto/>
thumb|"The prisoners Mirza Faraj-Allah Khan, Mirza Mohammad-Ali Khan and Mirza Nasr-Allah Khan ... in front of the governor’s residence, all chained with their feet fixed in a wooden plank ... the guard, Nayeb Reza Qoli, towers above them in the centre and holds the iron chains"<ref name=prison/>
After returning from Turkey, Yermakov met the young photographer Antoin Sevruguin in Tiflis. Their shared interest in Eastern culture led Yermakov to travel to Persia, likely at Sevruguin's invitation. During this trip he covered roughly 1,100 km and produced over 850 glass negatives documenting the culture of southern Azerbaijan and northern Persia. In Tehran he presented his work to Shah Naser al-Din Qajar, who subsequently appointed him court photographer and awarded him the Order of the Lion and Sun, 2nd class.<ref name=rosphoto/> By request of the Shah, Yermakov photographed all inmates of the Qazmin prison.<ref name=prison>{{cite journal |title=Performing Violence, Displaying Evidence: Photographs of Criminals and Political Inmates in Qajar Iran (1860s–1910s) |first=Elahe |last=Helbig|doi=10.1080/03087298.2022.2113246 |year=2021}}</ref> Yermakov was fluent in French and Persian, and taught photography in the Royal School Photography Studio in Tehran in 1870s. As a court photographer, he was allowed to take photos of shah's harem women, including Anis al-Dawla. Yermakov also trained Sevruguin, first in Tiflis and then in Tehran.<ref name=molla/>
In 1874, at the age of 28, Yermakov won a medal at the tenth jubilee exhibition of the French Photographic Society for 17 wet-collodion views of the Turkish city of Amasya.<ref name=rosphoto/>
thumb|Yermakov with members of an ethnographic expedition, 1910 thumb|Research expedition to the Cross church, Yermakov is in the first row, second from right (1914)
At the invitation of Countess Praskovya Uvarova, president of the Moscow Archaeological Society, Yermakov participated in archaeological excavations in the Caucasus, recording finds from ancient burial sites and objects in private collections. Simultaneously he expanded his gallery of ethnic portraits, depicting subjects in traditional dress, during rituals, at work, and in domestic settings.<ref name=rosphoto/>
From 1877 to 1878 Yermakov served as a military photographer on the Caucasian front during the Russo-Turkish War, producing images for the General Staff. He was attached to units in the area of the 41st Infantry Division.<ref name=rosphoto/>
In the 1880s and 1890s Yermakov documented the agricultural and industrial development of the Caucasus. He worked for the Caucasian Railway, photographed official visits of dignitaries, and made extensive views of the resort towns of the Caucasus Mineral Waters region. A catalogue of his work published in Tiflis in 1896 (expanded edition 1901) listed some 18,000 items.<ref name=rosphoto/>
His final expedition took place in 1910, when he accompanied the archaeologist Ekvtime Takaishvili to Lechkhumi-Svaneti, producing approximately 900 glass negatives.<ref name=rosphoto/>
Ermakov died in 1916 in Tiflis. In 1903 he had sold a collection of 500 prints to the ethnographic department of the Alexander III Museum (now the Russian Ethnographic Museum) in Saint Petersburg, where they and his correspondence remain. His photographs are held by institutions in Georgia, France, Italy, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Russia (Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Krasnodar), as well as private collections worldwide.<ref name=rosphoto/>
thumb|Yermakov's photographic stamp, Tiflis Yermakov captioned every photo and organized them by theme and location. The National Museum of Georgia in Tbilisi have the largest collection of Yermakov's photos: "more than 20,000 original prints, approximately 16,000 glass negatives, 13,000 stereo photo cards, and over 100 photo albums and cameras". The collection was restored at the Nederlands Fotomuseum in 1999-2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.museumkijker.nl/nederlands-fotomuseum-met-dimitri-ermakov-naar-kaukasus-negentiende-eeuw/|title=In Nederlands Fotomuseum: met Dimitri Ermakov naar Kaukasus negentiende eeuw - Museumkijker.nl|first=Françoise|last=Ledeboer|date=July 1, 2014|website=www.museumkijker.nl}}</ref>
== Awards and honors == Yermakov was elected to the Russian Archaeological Society in 1881. He became a member of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts in Tiflis around 1897, and in 1907 was listed among members of the Caucasian division of the Moscow Archaeological Society. He received awards at the 1878 Paris World Exhibition, the 1879 Moscow Anthropological Exhibition, and the 1882 All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition in Moscow.<ref name=rosphoto/>
==Works==
<gallery> File:Armenian noble woman from Tiflis Dmitri Ivanovich Yermakov.jpg|Armenian noble woman from Tiflis, date unknown File:Ceklilər Cek kəndində, 1880 (qadınlar)-Yermakov Dmitriy Ivanovich.jpg|Girls and Aged Woman Djeg Settlement, 1880 File:Tiflis, Karachokhels.jpg|Tiflis, Karachokhels (working social class) File:D. Ermakov. Princess Lazarev in Tatar costume.jpg|Princess Lazarev in Tatar costume, date unknown File:A Jew with nuts (Ermakov).jpg|A Jew with nuts, date unknown File:Ermakov. Georgians with national clothes.jpg|Georgians with national clothes, date unknown File:Ermakov. № 6997. Kurd in the Russian service. 557.jpg|Kurd in the Russian service, File:Shah Abbas mosque in Ganja 1900s.jpg|Shah Abbas mosque in Ganja, early 1900s File:Azerbaijani rug merchants in Tiflis.jpg|Rug Deal at the Tiflis Bazaar, date unknown File:Yermakov. The Oriental bath. Massage. 1880.jpg|The Oriental Bath, 1880 </gallery>
==Bibliography== {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |first=John |last=Hannavy |year=2008 |title=Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography |pp=494-5 |publisher=CRC Press |ISBN=0-415-97235-3}} * {{Cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/23718355/Photographs_of_Dmitry_Ermakov_as_a_source_of_study_of_societal_groups_of_the_XIX_and_early_XX_centuries_in_Azerbaijan_based_on_materials_of_National_Azerbaijan_History_Museum_in_Russian_ |title=Photographs of Dmitry Ermakov as a source of study of societal groups of the XIX and early XX centuries in Azerbaijan (based on materials of National Azerbaijan History Museum) |first=Emin |last=Dadashov |year=2016}} * {{Cite book |title=Dimitri Ermakov In Iran |year=2019 |ISBN=9789941817564}} * {{Cite book |title=Azerbaijan in Photos by Dmitri Yermakov |url=http://azhistorymuseum.gov.az/ru/book/52 |year=2020 |location=Baku}} {{Refend}}
==See also== * List of Orientalist artists * List of artistic works with Orientalist influences * Orientalism
== References == {{Reflist}}
==External links== * {{Commonscat-inline}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yermakov, Dmitri}} Category:1846 births Category:1916 deaths Category:19th-century photographers from the Russian Empire Category:Archaeological photographers Category:People from the Russian Empire of Italian descent Category:People from the Russian Empire of Austrian descent Category:Orientalists from the Russian Empire Category:Artists from Tbilisi Category:Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Category:Photographers from Georgia (country)