Diocese of Crema

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Italy}} {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Diocese | name = Crema | latin = Dioecesis Cremensis | local =  | image = DuomoCrema.jpg | image_size = 267px | image_alt = | caption = Crema Cathedral  | country = Italy | metropolitan = | territory = | province = Milan | coordinates =   | area_km2 = 276 | population = 99,500 (est.) {{down}} | population_as_of = 2023 | catholics = 98,500 (guess) | catholics_percent = | parishes = 63 | churches =  | congregations =  | schools =  | members =   | denomination = Catholic Church | rite = Roman Rite | established = 11 April 1579<br />({{age|1579|4|11}} years ago) | cathedral = Cattedrale di S. Maria Assunta | cocathedral = | patron = | priests = 66 (diocesan) {{down}}<br />6 (Religious Orders) {{down}}<br />3 Permanent Deacons {{up}}  | pope = {{Incumbent pope}}  | bishop_title = Bishop | bishop = Daniele Gianotti | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops =  | map = Roman Catholic Diocese of Crema in Italy.svg | map_alt = | map_caption =  | website = [http://www.diocesidicrema.it/ www.diocesidicrema.it] | footnotes = }} The '''Diocese of Crema''' ({{langx|la|Dioecesis Cremensis}}) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Lombardy in northern Italy. It has existed since 1579. It is suffragan to the Archdiocese of Milan.<ref name=CathHierCrema>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcrem.html "Diocese of Crema"] ''Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved October 7, 2016</ref><ref name=GCathCrema>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/crem0.htm "Diocese of Crema"] ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved October 7, 2016</ref> The seat of the bishop is the cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta.

==History== {{expand section|date=October 2016}} Founded in the sixth century, the town of Crema endured a particularly hazardous geographical position in terms of its civic independence.<ref>Sforza Benvenuti, I, p. 8.</ref> It is only 29.7 km east of Milan, and its neighbor to the east, the Serene Republic of Venice, was always pressing to expand its holdings on the mainland. In addition the German emperors held the overlordship of the Po Valley, and from time to time dominated the political situation.<ref>Solera, p. 8.</ref> Otto of Freising (died 1158), for instance, draws attention to Crema's situation in the perpetual struggle between Cremona and Milan, situated as Crema was, just halfway between Cremona and Milan. It bore a good deal of the military action, and, as Cremona regularly rejected its demands in litigation for redress and reparations, Crema developed a grudge. This was particularly wrenching since Crema was politically subject to Cremona and spiritually subject to its bishop. To gain an advantage, the leaders of Cremona urged the Emperor Frederic Barbarossa to destroy Crema in exchange for a considerable sum of money, which would allow him to pursue his ventures in the Po Valley. The citizens of Crema therefore threw in their lot with Milan.<ref>Otto of Freising, ''Gesta Friderici Imperatoris'' Book IV, chapter 39, in: ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' Tomus XX, (Hannover 1868), p. 466.</ref>

Crema became subject to the Republic of Venice in September 1449, and the possession was ratified by the Treaty of Blois, between Louis XII of France and the Republic of Venice,<ref name="Setton1976">{{cite book|author=Kenneth Meyer Setton|title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EgQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA144|volume=III|year=1976|publisher=American Philosophical Society|location=Philadelphia PA|isbn=978-0-87169-161-3|pages=144–145}}</ref> on 23 March 1513.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jean Dumont|title=Corps universel diplomatique du droit des gens|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B9aAAAAYAAJ|volume=Tome IV partie 1|year=1726|publisher=Chez P. Brunel, R. et G. Wetstein, les Janssons Waesberge, et L'Honoré et Chatelain|location=Amsterdam & La Haye|pages=182–183}} {{cite book|author1=M. E. Mallett|author2=J. R. Hale|title=The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice C.1400 to 1617|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffa4sBMWFTIC&pg=PA223|date=23 November 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-03247-6|pages=222–223}}</ref>

===Creation of diocese, matropolitan===

The diocese of Crema was created by Pope Gregory XIII on 11 April 1579, by splitting off territory that had been part of the Diocese of Lodi, the diocese of Cremona, and the diocese of Piacenza.<ref>Solera, p. 9. The text of the papal bull, "Super Universas", is quoted in full by Cappelletti XII, pp. 247-251.</ref>

On 10 December 1582, with the bull "Universi orbis", Gregory XIII raised the diocese of Bologna, his birthplace, to the status of a metropolitan archbishopric, annexing the diocese of Crema and six others as its suffragans.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bullarum diplomatum et privilegiorum sanctorum Romanorum pontificum Taurinensis editio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ccFZbjT56UC&pg=PP11|volume=Tomus VIII|year=1863|publisher=Seb. Franco|location=Turin|language=Latin|page=402 § 4}}</ref>

===Synods=== A diocesan synod was held in Crema on 3–5 January 1650 by Bishop Alberto Badoer (1633–1677).<ref>''Synodus Dioecesana Sancta Cremensis Ecclesia ab illustrissimo et reverendissimo D. D. Alberto Baduario ejusdem Ecclesia Episcopo etc. Primo habita die III Januarii et duobus subsequentibus anni MDCL, sub Innoccntio X. P. 0. M.'' (Milano: Vigoni 1670. Solera, p. 65.</ref> On 9–11 September 1688, Bishop Marcantonio Zollio (1678–1702) held a diocesan synod in the cathedral of Crema.<ref>''Synodus Dioecesana Cremensis habita ab illustriss. et reverendiss. D. D. Marco Antonio Zollio Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia Episcopo Cremensis die ix Septembris et duobus sequentibus in Cathedrali Cremae, anno mdclxxxviii, cum nonnullis decretis et constitutionibus Apostolicis additis ad regimen Ecclesiarum et ministrationem Sacramentorum praecipue spectantibus.'' Bergamo: Rossi 1688. Solera, p. 70.</ref> Bishop Faustino Giuseppe Griffoni Sant’Angelo (1702–1730) presided over a diocesan synod on 4–6 November 1727.<ref>''Synodus Dioecesana Cremensis babita ab Illustriss''. et Revercndiss. D. D. Faustino Josepho Griffono de Sancto Angelo, ''Dei et Apostolicae Sedis Gratia Episcopo Cremensi, Die iv novembris et duabus sequentibus in Cathedrali Cremae Anno mdccxxvii.'' Crema: Mario Carchano 1727. Solera, pp. 75, 79-80.</ref> A diocesan synod was held by Bishop Ludovico Calini (1730–1751) in 1737 on 29 April and the two following days.<ref>''Synodus Dioecesana Cremensis habita ab illustriss. et reverendiss. D. D. Ludovico Calini Dei et Apostolicae Sedis gratia Episcopo Cremensi in Cathedrali Cremae die 29 Aprilis et duobus sequentibus anno mdccxxxvii.'' Brescia: ex typoqraphia Joannis-Mariw Rizzardi, mdccxxxvii. Solera, p. 86.</ref>

===French occupation=== In 1801, following the principles established in law by the French National Assembly in 1791, the number of dioceses in French territory in Savoy, Piedmont, and Lombardy was to be reduced. Crema was one of the dioceses which was suppressed. The cathedral Chapter,<ref>C.D. Fonseca, "La cattedrale e il suo Capitolo. Analisi comparata in prospettiva storica, ecclesiologica e canonistica," {{in lang|it}}, in: ''Annali di Studi Religiosi'' Vol. 4 (2003), pp. 215-235.</ref> the seminary, and the mendicant religious orders were also suppressed. It was the Emperor Napoleon, King of Italy, who, on 19 July 1806, brought the diocese back to life with his nomination of Tommaso Ronna of Milan to be the new bishop; Pius VII approved the candidate on 19 March 1807.<ref>Cappelletti XII, p. 260. Solera, p. 97.</ref>

On 5 February 1835, with the bull "Romani Pontifices", Pope Gregory XVI assigned the diocese of Crema as suffragan of the archdiocese of Milan. The change was made at the insistence of Count Richard von Lutzow, the ambassador in Rome of Ferdinand I, King of Lombardy-Venetia.<ref>{{cite book|title=Bullarium Romanum: summorum pontificum Clementis XIII, Clementis XIV, Pii VI, Pii VII, Leonis XII ..|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WV9GAAAAcAAJ|volume=(Tomus XX)|year=1857|publisher=Typ. Reverendae Camerae Apostolicae|location=Roma|language=Latin|pages=1–2}}</ref>

==Bishops of Crema== ===1580 to 1800=== {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} *(1580–1584) : Girolamo Diedo<ref>Diedo was a native of Venice, and the nephew of the Patriarch of Venice, Vincenzo Diedo. Gian Giacomo was appointed Bishop of Crema by Pope Gregory XIII on 20 November 1580. He took possession on 19 May 1581, and resigned the office in favor of his nephew on 28 May 1584. He died in 1585 at the age of sixty-three. Solera, pp. 35-37.</ref> *(1584–1616) : Gian Giacomo Diedo<ref>Gian Giacomo Diedo attended the University of Padua, taking his degree in 1573. He had been Primicerius of the Cathedral of Padua, and served as Vicar General of his uncle in Crema. On 14 January 1585, he consecrated the new cathedral of Crema. He died on 6 June 1616 at the age of seventy-two, after thirty-two years as bishop. Solera, pp. 45-48.</ref> *(1616–1629) : Pietro Emo, C.R.<ref>A native of Venice and a learned theologian, Emo had already been titular bishop of Larissa (from 1612) and was appointed Coadjutor with the right of succession to Bishop Diedo. Solera, pp. 53-55. Gauchat, IV, p. 145; p. 216.</ref> *(1629–1633) : Marcantonio Bragadin<ref>Bragadin was a native of Venice, and had been Referendary of the Two Signatures in the Roman Curia, when he was appointed Bishop of Crema by Pope Urban VIII on 5 December 1629. He was consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Antonio Barberini on 21 December 1629. He took possession of his See on 17 May 1630. He was appointed Bishop of Ceneda (1633), and then Vicenza (1639). On 16 December 1641 he was named a Cardinal. He died in 1658. Solera, pp. 58-59. Gauchat, IV, pp. 145 and 167.</ref> *(1633–1677) : Alberto Badoer<ref>Badoer, a Venetian nobleman, was appointed by Pope Urban VIII on 26 February 1633. He was particularly interested in saving prostitutes; in 1647 he established the church of S. Maria Maddelena for their use. He held a diocesan synod in 1650. Solera, pp. 61-64. Gauchat, IV, p. 145</ref> *(1678–1702) : Marcantonio Zollio<ref>A native of Bergamo, Zollio was a ''Doctor in utroque iure'' (Civil Law and Canon Law), and served as ''sommistore'' of the Inquisition. On 18 July 1678 he was appointed by Pope Innocent XI, but he did not take possession until May 1684, due to a dispute between the Pope and the Serene Republic of Venice. In 1688 Bishop Zollio held a diocesan synod. Solera, pp. 66-69. Ritzler, V, p. 175 with note 3.</ref> *(1702–1730) : Faustino Giuseppe Griffoni Sant’Angelo<ref>Griffoni was a native of the diocese, and belonged to the family of the Conti Sant'Angelo. He was the Vicar General of Bishop Zollio. He was consecrated in Rome on 1 October 1702. He held a diocesan synod in 1727. Solera, pp. 71-76. Ritzler, V, p. 175 with note 4.</ref> *(1730–1751) : Ludovico Calini<ref>Calini was born in Calino in the diocese of Brescia. He was ''Doctor in utroque iure'' (Civil Law and Canon Law), and Prebendary of the Cathedral of Brescia. He was Synodal Examiner of the diocese. Appointed to the diocese of Crema on 11 September 1730, Calini was consecrated in Rome on 21 September 1730 by Cardinal Angelo Maria Quirini. He resigned on 27 January 1751, and was named titular Archbishop of Antioch on 1 February. Ritzler, VI, p. 186 with note 2.</ref> *(1751–1781) : Marco Antonio Lombardi<ref>Born in Verona, Lombardi received a doctorate ''in utroque iure'' from the University of Mantua (1746). He was consecrated a bishop in Rome on 21 March 1751 by Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico. Ritzler, VI, p. 186 with note 3.</ref> *(1782–1800) : Antonio Maria Gardini, O.S.B.<ref>Gardini was a native of Venice. He joined the Benedictine community of San Michele de Murano. He was appointed theologian of the Bishop of Torcella in 1769 and lectured in houses of his order. He was Consultor of the Inquisition of Venice for twelve years. He was named to the diocese of Crema on 23 September 1782, and consecrated in Rome on 29 September by Cardinal Carlo Rezzonico the Younger. He participated in the Conclave of 1799–1800 in Venice as one of the Custodians, and gave the oration ''pro pontifice eligendo'' at the opening. He died on 8 September 1800. Solera, pp. 94, 95. Ritzler, VI, p. 186 with note 4.</ref> {{Div col end}}

===since 1800=== {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * (1807–1828) : Tommaso Ronna<ref>Ronna had been a Canon, and then Provost of San Babila in Crema. Gams, p. 789.</ref> * (1835–1854) : Carlo Giuseppe Sanguettola<ref>Sanguettola had been Provost of Santo Stefano in Milan. Gams, p. 789.</ref> * (1857–1859) : Pietro Maria Ferré<ref>Ferré had previously been Canon-Archpriest of the Cathedral. He was transferred to Pavia (1859–1867); from Pavia he was transferred to Casale. Gams, pp. 789, 801. Cappelletti, XII, p. 260.</ref> * (1859–1867) : Carlo Macchi<ref>Macchi was transferred to Reggio. Gams, p. 789.</ref> * (1871–1893) : Francesco Sabbia<ref>{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Pecora|title=Mons. Francesco Sabbia vescovo di Crema: cenni biografici|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JcDNoAEACAAJ|year=1944|publisher=Gasparini|location=Milan|language=Italian}}</ref> * (1894–1910) : Ernesto Fontana * (1911–1915) : Bernardo Pizzorno * (1915–1925) : Carlo Dalmazio Minoretti<ref>Minoretti was then appointed Archbishop of Genoa. He was named a cardinal on 16 December 1929 by Pope Pius XI.</ref> * (1925–1928) : Giacomo Montanelli<ref>Montanelli was then appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Vercelli</ref> * (1930–1933) : Marcello Mimmi<ref>Mimmi was then appointed Archbishop of Bari. He was named a cardinal by Pope Pius XII in January 1953.</ref> * (1933–1950) : Francesco Maria Franco * (1950–1953) : Giuseppe Piazzi<ref>In 1953, Piazzi was appointed Bishop of Bergamo.</ref> * (1953–1963) : Placido Maria Cambiaghi, B.<ref>In 1963, Cambiaghi was appointed Bishop of Novara.</ref> * (1963)           : Franco Costa * (1963–1981) : Carlo Manziana, C.O. * (1981–1996) ; Libero Tresoldi * (1996–2004) : Angelo Paravisi * (2005–2016) : Oscar Cantoni<ref>Cantoni was appointed Bishop of Como on 4 October 2016. Diocese of Como, [http://www.laprovinciadicomo.it/stories/como-citta/e-mons-oscar-cantoniil-nuovo-vescovo-di-como_1204647_11/ Appointment Announcement of Bishop Cantoni], retrieved: 2016-11-06.</ref> * (2017–pres.) : Daniele Gianotti<ref>Diocesi di Crema, ''Vescovi'', [https://www.diocesidicrema.it/vescovo/biografia/ "Mons. Daniele Gianotti: Biografia;"] {{in lang|it}}; retrieved 16 March 2026.</ref> {{Div col end}}

==Parishes== The 62 parishes of the diocese are all located in the Province of Cremona, Lombardy.<ref>Source for parishes: {{citation |author = CCI |year = 2008 |url = http://www.chiesacattolica.it/pls/cci_new/bd_edit_info.ric_parr?cod_reg=&cod_dioc=404&dadiocesi=1 |title = Parrocchie |publisher = Chiesa Cattolica Italiana |accessdate = 2008-03-13 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071101055340/http://www.chiesacattolica.it/pls/cci_new/bd_edit_info.ric_parr?cod_reg=&cod_dioc=404&dadiocesi=1 |archivedate = 2007-11-01 }}.</ref> In 2013 in the diocese of Crema there was one priest for every 1,000 Catholics.{{Update inline|date=November 2020}}

==References== {{reflist|2}}

==Bibliography== *Barbieri, Luigi ''Compendio cronologico della storia di Crema'' (Crema, 1888) {{full citation needed|date=October 2016}} *Cappelletti, Giuseppe (1857). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6dICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA241 ''Le Chiese d'Italia dalla loro origine sino ai nostri giorni''], {{in lang|la}} Venezia, 1857, vol. XII, pp. 241–275. *{{cite book|last1=Eubel|first1=Conradus|last2=Gulik|first2=Guilelmus|title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3|date=1923|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol02eubeuoft|language=la}} *{{cite book|last=Gams|first=Pius Bonifatius |title=Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=os9DAQAAMAAJ|year=1873|publisher=Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz|location=Ratisbon|language=la}} *{{cite book|last1=Gauchat|first1=Patritius (Patrice)|title=Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667)|date=1935|publisher=Libraria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol04eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} *{{cite book|last= Lasagni|first=Ilaria|title=Chiese, conventi e monasteri in Crema e nel suo territorio dall'inizio del dominio veneto alla fondazione della diocesi: repertorio di enti ecclesiastici tra XV e XVI secolo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4nIKAQAAMAAJ|year=2008|publisher=UNICOPLI|location=Milano|isbn=9788840012575 |language=Italian}} *{{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi V (1667-1730)|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} *{{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi VI (1730-1799)|date=1958|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol06eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}} *{{cite book|last=Sforza Benvenuti|first=Francesco |title=Storia di Crema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j14vAAAAYAAJ|volume=primo, Volume secondo|year=1859|publisher=tipi di G. Bernardoni di Gio|location=Milano}} *{{cite book|last=Solera|first=Giovanni |title=Serie dei Vescovi di Crema, con notizie sulla erezione del Vescovado|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xqddAAAAcAAJ|year=1857|publisher=Antonio Ronchetti|location=Milano|language=Italian}} *{{cite book|last=Zaccaria |first= Francisco Antonio|title=Cremenensium episcoporum series a Ferdinando Ughellio primum contexta, deinde a Nicolao Coleto paululum aucta, nunc a Francisco Antonio Zaccaria S. J. ... illustrata, emendata atque in hunc diem perducta|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1|year=1763|publisher=Rizzardi|location=Brescia|language=Latin}}

==External links== *Benigni, Umberto. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04481b.htm Diocese of Crema]." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. Retrieved: 2016-10-10.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Crema}} Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in Lombardy Category:Religious organizations established in the 1570s Category:Province of Cremona Category:Roman Catholic dioceses established in the 16th century