Coenogonium

{{Short description|Genus of lichen}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Coenogonium linkii - Flickr - Dick Culbert.jpg | image_caption = ''Coenogonium linkii'' in Puerto Iguazú, Argentina | taxon = Coenogonium | parent_authority = Stizenb. (1862) | authority = Ehrenb. (1820) | type_species = ''Coenogonium linkii'' | type_species_authority = Ehrenb. (1820) | synonyms_ref =<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Biatorinopsis'' {{small|Müll.Arg. (1881)}} *''Coenogoniomycella'' {{small|Cif. & Tomas. (1954)}} *''Coenogoniomyces'' {{small|Cif. & Tomas. (1954)}} *''Coenomycogonium'' {{small|Cif. & Tomas. (1954)}} *''Didymopycnomyces'' {{small|Cavalc. & A.A.Silva (1972)}} *''Dimerella'' {{small|Trevis. (1880)}} *''Flabellomyces'' {{small|Kobayasi (1982)}} *''Gyalecta'' sect. ''Lecaniopsis'' {{small|Vain. (1890)}} *''Gyalectella'' {{small|J.Lahm (1883)}} *''Holocoenis'' {{small|Clem. (1909)}} *''Lecaniopsis'' {{small|(Vain.) Zahlbr. (1926)}} *''Microphiale'' {{small|(Stizenb.) J.Steiner (1897)}} *''Mycocoenogonium'' {{small|Cif. & Tomas. (1954)}} *''Secoliga'' sect. ''Microphiale'' {{small|Stizenb. (1862)}} | subdivision_ranks = | subdivisions = }}

'''''Coenogonium''''' is a genus of filamentous lichens in the monotypic family '''Coenogoniaceae'''. It has about 90 species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/> Most species are leaf-dwelling or grow on bark, although a few are known to grow on rocks under certain conditions, and some are restricted to growth on termite nests. The genus was circumscribed in 1820 by German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg.<ref name="Ehrenberg 1820"/>

''Coenogonium'' has a worldwide distribution, with most species known from tropical areas. Most species grow in tropical rainforests in the shaded understorey. They typically grow on tree trunks, branches, lianas, and leaves.<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/>

==Description==

Although members of ''Coenogonium'' are relatively easy to identify given its unique characteristics, identifying to species is more difficult due to the slight differences between them. The genus is characterized by {{lichengloss|biatorine}} (rarely {{lichengloss|zeorine}}), yellow to orange or brown apothecia with a {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}} excipulum, partially amyloid hymenium (I+ blue then quickly sordid green then red-brown), thin-walled unitunicate asci, and 1-septate or rarely non-septate ascospores. The photobiont component of ''Coenogonium'' is a green alga from the family Trentepohliaceae.<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018"/> The structure of the ''Coenogonium'' thallus is largely determined by the algal partner.<ref name="Stocker-Wörgötter 1997"/>

Similar genera include ''Malcolmiella'', which differs mainly by having amyloid asci with a thickened {{lichengloss|tholus}} and non-septate, usually longer and broader ascospores with an ornamented {{lichengloss|perispore}}; ''Absconditella'', which has a {{lichengloss|chlorococcoid}} photobiont and non-amyloid asci; and ''Cryptodiscus'', which has ''Gloeocystis'' as photobiont, amyloid asci with a thickened apex and non-septate paraphyses.<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018"/>

==Research==

Species of ''Coenogonium'' have frequently used in morphological/anatomical and ecophysiological studies. Examples include thallus growth,<ref name="Karling 1934"/><ref name="Redinger 1934"/> apothecial development,<ref name="Schwendener 1862"/> ultrastructure,<ref name="Meier & Chapman 1983"/> photobiont and resynthesis in culture,<ref name="Uyenco 1965"/><ref name="Stocker-Wörgötter 1997"/> and photosynthesis.<ref name="Thomas & Nash 1996"/><ref name="Thomas et al. 1007"/> The filamentous thalli of ''Coenogonium'' serve as a home for diatoms and other microorganisms.<ref name="Lakatos et al. 2004"/> Johannes Müller Argoviensis even used his erroneous interpretation of the thallus organization of filamentous ''Coenogonium'' to oppose Simon Schwendener's theory of the symbiotic nature of lichens.<ref name="Müller Argoviensis 1881"/>

==Species== [[File:Coenogonium luteum - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|thumb|right|''Coenogonium luteum'', Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, North Carolina]] [[File:Coenogonium interplexum - Flickr - pellaea.jpg|thumb|right|''Coenogonium interplexum'', Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park, Florida]] [[File:Pixie-Hair Lichen (996299290).jpg|thumb|Pixie-hair lichen, genus ''Coenogonium'', Florida Panhandle]] [[File:Coenogonium sp. - Flickr - pellaea (1).jpg|thumb|right|''Coenogonium'' (not identified to species), Amazon rainforest, Peru]]

The genus is well known in continental areas that border the Caribbean, such as Florida and Costa Rica.<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/> About half of the world's biodiversity of this genus occurs in Brazil.<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2018"/>

*''Coenogonium aciculatum'' {{small|Lücking & Aptroot (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium agonimioides'' {{small|J.P.Halda, S.O.Oh & Hur (2016)}} *''Coenogonium albomarginatum'' {{small|Michlig & L.I.Ferraro (2013)}}<ref name="Ferraro & Michlig 2013"/> *''Coenogonium antonianum'' {{small|Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium atherospermatis'' {{small|Kantvilas, Rivas Plata & Lücking (2018)}}<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018"/> – Australia *''Coenogonium atroluteum'' {{small|(Vain.) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Neotropics *''Coenogonium aurantiacum'' {{small|Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2013)}}<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/> – Puerto Rico *''Coenogonium australiense'' {{small|Kantvilas & Lücking (2018)}}<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018"/> – Australia *''Coenogonium bacilliferum'' {{small|(Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium barbatellum'' {{small|Kalb (2007)}}<ref name="Kalb 2007"/> *''Coenogonium barbatum'' {{small|Lücking, Aptroot & L.Umaña (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium beaverae'' {{small|Lücking & Diederich (2017)}} *''Coenogonium borinquense'' {{small|Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2013)}}<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/> – Puerto Rico *''Coenogonium botryosum'' {{small|C.Knight (1886)}}<ref name="Bailey 1886"/> *''Coenogonium brasiliense'' {{small|L.I.Ferraro & Michlig (2013)}}<ref name="Ferraro & Michlig 2013"/> *''Coenogonium bryophilum'' {{small|Kalb & Aptroot (2018)}}<ref name="Kalb & Aptroot 2018"/> – Australia *''Coenogonium byssothallinum'' {{small|Aptroot & Lücking (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium carassense'' {{small|D.O.Lima, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres (2023)}}<ref name="Lima et al. 2023"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium chloroticum'' {{small|Xavier-Leite, M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2013)}}<ref name="Menezes et al. 2014"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium ciliatum'' {{small|Kalb & Lücking (2000)}}<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000"/> *''Coenogonium confervoides'' {{small|Nyl. (1858)}} *''Coenogonium convexum'' {{small|J.Kalb & Kalb (2016)}}<ref name="Kalb et al. 2016"/> – Thailand *''Coenogonium coppinsii'' {{small|Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014)}}<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2014"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium coralloideum'' {{small|Kalb (2007)}}<ref name="Kalb 2007"/> *''Coenogonium coronatum'' {{small|G.Neuwirth & Stock.-Wörg. (2014)}} *''Coenogonium curvulum'' {{small|Zahlbr. (1928)}} *''Coenogonium dattatreyense'' {{small|Shravan Kumar & Y.L.Krishnam. (2015)}} *''Coenogonium davidii'' {{small|Kalb (2007)}}<ref name="Kalb 2007"/> *''Coenogonium degeneri'' {{small|(Kalb & Vězda) Kalb & Lücking (2006)}} *''Coenogonium dilucidum'' {{small|(Kremp.) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium dimorphicum'' {{small|Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2013)}}<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/> – Puerto Rico *''Coenogonium disciforme'' {{small|Papong, Boonpr. & Lücking (2007)}}<ref name="Papongboon et al. 2006"/> – Thailand *''Coenogonium eximium'' {{small|(Nyl.) Kalb & Lücking (2006)}}– Neotropics *''Coenogonium fallaciosum'' {{small|(Müll. Arg.) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium flammeum'' {{small|L.I.Ferraro, Michlig & Lücking (2011)}} *''Coenogonium flavicans'' {{small|(Vězda & Farkas) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium flavovirens'' {{small|L.I.Ferraro & Michlig (2013)}}<ref name="Ferraro & Michlig 2013"/> *''Coenogonium flavoviride'' {{small|M.Cáceres & Lücking (2000)}}<ref name="Cáceres & Lücking 2000"/> *''Coenogonium flavum'' {{small|(Malcolm & Vězda) Malcolm (2004)}} *''Coenogonium frederici'' {{small|(Kalb) Kalb & Lücking (2006)}} *''Coenogonium fruticulosum'' {{small|L.Ludw. (2014)}}<ref name="Ludwig 2014"/> – New Zealand *''Coenogonium fuscescens'' {{small|(Vězda & Malcolm) Malcolm (2004)}} *''Coenogonium geralense'' {{small|(Henn.) Lücking (2008)}} – pantropical *''Coenogonium hainanense'' {{small|X.H.Wu & Z.F.Jia (2019)}}<ref name="Wu et al. 2019"/> – China *''Coenogonium hypophyllum'' {{small|(Vězda) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium implexum'' {{small|Nyl. (1862)}} *''Coenogonium interplexum'' {{small|Nyl. (1862)}} *''Coenogonium interpositum'' {{small|Nyl. (1862)}} *''Coenogonium isidiatum'' {{small|(G.Thor & Vězda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium isidiiferum'' {{small|(Lücking) Lücking (2001)}} *''Coenogonium isidiigerum'' {{small|(Vězda & Osorio) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium isidiosum'' {{small|(Breuss) Rivas Plata, Lücking, L.Umaña & Chaves (2006)}} *''Coenogonium itabaianense'' {{small|D.O.Lima, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres (2023)}}<ref name="Lima et al. 2023"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium kalbii'' {{small|Aptroot, Lücking & L.Umaña (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium kawanae'' {{small|(H.Harada & Vězda) H.Harada & Lumbsch (2004)}} *''Coenogonium kiggaense'' {{small|Shravan Kumar & Y.L.Krishnam. (2015)}} *''Coenogonium labyrinthicum'' {{small|Lücking & Kalb (2001)}} *''Coenogonium linkii'' {{small|Ehrenb. (1820)}}<ref name="Ehrenberg 1820"/> *''Coenogonium lisowskii'' {{small|(Vězda) Lücking (2001)}} *''Coenogonium lueckingii'' {{small|Y.Joshi, Gagarina, J.P.Halda & Hur (2015)}}<ref name="Joshi et al. 2015"/> – South Korea *''Coenogonium luteocitrinum'' {{small|Rivas Plata, Lücking & L.Umaña (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Neotropics *''Coenogonium luteolum'' {{small|(Kalb) Kalb & Lücking (2006)}} – Europe *''Coenogonium lutescens'' {{small|(Vězda & Malcolm) Malcolm (2004)}} *''Coenogonium luteum'' {{small|(Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium magdalenae'' {{small|Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lizano (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium maritimum'' {{small|Seavey & J.Seavey (2017)}}<ref name="Seavey et al. 2017"/> – Florida *''Coenogonium minidenticulatum'' {{small|Aptroot & M. Cáceres (2016)}} *''Coenogonium minimum'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) Lücking (2008)}} *''Coenogonium minutissimum'' {{small|Kalb (2007)}}<ref name="Kalb 2007"/> *''Coenogonium moniliforme'' {{small|Tuck. (1862)}}<ref name="Tuckermann 1896"/> *''Coenogonium nepalense'' {{small|(G.Thor & Vězda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Neotropics and eastern Paleotropics *''Coenogonium nimisii'' {{small|Malíček & Sanderson (2023)}}<ref name="Malíček et al. 2023"/> – Great Britain; Ireland

*''Coenogonium perminutum'' {{small|(Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium persistens'' {{small|(Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Neotropics *''Coenogonium pertenue'' {{small|(Stirt.) Kalb & Lücking (2006)}} *''Coenogonium piliferum'' {{small|(Vězda) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium pilosum'' {{small|D.O.Lima, Aptroot, Lücking & M.Cáceres (2023)}}<ref name="Lima et al. 2023"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium pineti'' {{small|(Ach.) Lücking & Lumbsch (2004)}} *''Coenogonium platysporum'' {{small|Kalb (2007)}}<ref name="Kalb 2007"/> *''Coenogonium pocsii'' {{small|(Vězda & Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – African Paleotropics *''Coenogonium portoricense'' {{small|Merc.-Díaz & Lücking (2013)}}<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2013"/> – Puerto Rico *''Coenogonium pulchrum'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) Kalb (2001)}} *''Coenogonium pusillum'' {{small|(Mont.) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium pyrophthalmum'' {{small|(Mont.) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium queenslandicum'' {{small|(Kalb & Vězda) Lücking (2001)}} – eastern Paleotropics *''Coenogonium riparium'' {{small|(Vain.) Kalb (2007)}} *''Coenogonium roumeguerianum'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) Kalb (2001)}} *''Coenogonium rubrofuscum'' {{small|(Vězda & Malcolm) Malcolm (2005)}} *''Coenogonium saepincola'' {{small|Aptroot, Sipman & Lücking (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium seychellense'' {{small|Farkas (2014)}}<ref name="Farkas 2014"/> *''Coenogonium siquirrense'' {{small|(Lücking) Lücking (2008)}} *''Coenogonium stenosporum'' {{small|(Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Neotropics *''Coenogonium stramineum'' {{small|(Aptroot & Seaward)<ref name="Seaward & Aptroot 2004"/> Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Seychelles *''Coenogonium strigosum'' {{small|Rivas Plata, Lücking & Chaves (2006)}}<ref name="Plata et al. 2006"/> – Neotropics *''Coenogonium subborinquense'' {{small|J.Kalb & Kalb (2016)}}<ref name="Kalb et al. 2016"/> – Thailand *''Coenogonium subdentatum'' {{small|(Vězda & G.Thor) Rivas Plata, Lücking, L.Umaña & Chaves (2006)}} – Neotropics; eastern Paleotropics *''Coenogonium subdilucidum'' {{small|Farkas & Vězda (2014)}}<ref name="Farkas 2014"/> *''Coenogonium subdilutum'' {{small|(Malme) Kalb (2001)}} *''Coenogonium subdilutum'' {{small|(Malme) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium subfallaciosum'' {{small|(Vězda & Farkas) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium subluteum'' {{small|(Rehm) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}} *''Coenogonium subsquamosum'' {{small|(Aptroot & Seaward)<ref name="Seaward & Aptroot 2004"/> Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} – Seychelles *''Coenogonium subzonatum'' {{small|(Lücking) Lücking & Kalb (2001)}} *''Coenogonium tanzanicum'' {{small|(Vězda & Farkas) Lücking & Kalb (2002)}} *''Coenogonium tavaresianum'' {{small|(Vězda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium theae'' {{small|(Räsänen) Gagarina (2015)}} *''Coenogonium upretianum'' {{small|M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2018)}}<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2018"/> – Brazil *''Coenogonium urceolatum'' {{small|Kantvilas, Rivas Plata & Lücking (2018)}}<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018"/> – Australia *''Coenogonium usambarense'' {{small|(Vězda & Farkas) Lücking & Kalb (2001)}} – African and eastern Paleotropics *''Coenogonium velutinellum'' {{small|Lücking, N.Marín & Álvaro (2023)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2023"/> – Colombia *''Coenogonium verrucimarginatum'' {{small|J.Kalb & Kalb (2016)}}<ref name="Kalb et al. 2016"/> – Thailand *''Coenogonium verrucosum'' {{small|Michlig & L.I.Ferraro (2013)}}<ref name="Ferraro & Michlig 2013"/> – South America *''Coenogonium vezdanum'' {{small|(Lücking) Lücking (2008)}} *''Coenogonium weberi'' {{small|(Vězda) Lücking, Aptroot & Sipman (2006)}} *''Coenogonium wernerhuberi'' {{small|Breuss & G.Neuwirth (2012)}}<ref name="Breusse 2012"/> – Costa Rica *''Coenogonium wrightii'' {{small|(Vězda) H.Harada & Lumbsch (2004)}} *''Coenogonium zonatum'' {{small|(Müll.Arg.) Kalb & Lücking (2000)}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Aptroot |first1=André |last2=Cáceres |first2=Marcela Eugenia da Silva |title=New lichen species from termite nests in rainforest in Brazilian Rondônia and adjacent Amazonas |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=46 |issue=3 |year=2014 |pages=365–372 |doi=10.1017/S0024282913000340}}</ref>

<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Aptroot |first1=André |last2=Cáceres |first2=Marcela Eugenia da Silva |year=2018 |title=''Coenogonium upretianum'' (Ascomycota: Coenogoniaceae), a new corticolous lichen species from Brazil |journal= Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment|pages=11–13 |doi=10.21756/cab.v3i01.13386 |doi-broken-date=11 July 2025 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322739498}}</ref>

<ref name="Bailey 1886">{{cite book |last1=Bailey |first1=Frederick Manson |year=1886 |title=A Synopsis of the Queensland Flora: containing both the Phaenogamous and Cryptogamous plants. First Supplement |publisher=James C. Beal, Govt. Printer |location=Brisbane}}</ref>

<ref name="Breusse 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Breuss |first1=Othmar |year=2012 |title=''Coenogonium wernerhuberi'', a new foliicolous lichen species (Coenogoniaceae) from Costa Rica |journal=Herzogia |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=145–148 |doi=10.13158/heia.25.2.2010.145}}</ref>

<ref name="Cáceres & Lücking 2000">{{cite journal |last1=Cáceres |first1=M. |last2=Lücking |first2=R. |year=2000 |title=Three new species and one new combination of foliicolous lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Atlantic rainforest in Pernambuco state, Brazil |journal=Nova Hedwigia |volume=70 |issue=1–2 |pages=217–226 |doi=10.1127/nova.hedwigia/70/2000/217}}</ref>

<ref name="Ehrenberg 1820">{{cite book |last1=Ehrenberg |first1=C.G. |year=1820 |chapter=De Coenogonio, novo lichenum genere ex penu viri cl. Chamisso desumpto |editor=Nees v. Esenbeck |title=Horae Physicae Berolinenses 1820 |pages=77–104|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11630595 |language=la}}</ref>

<ref name="Farkas 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Farkas |first1=E. |year=2014 |title=Notes and schedae to Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae in memoriam Antonín Vězda (1920–2008). Fasc. 4 |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=56 |issue=3–4 |pages=305–317 |doi=10.1556/abot.56.2014.3-4.7 |url=http://real.mtak.hu/143228/1/article-p7.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferraro & Michlig 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Ferraro |first1=Lidia I. |last2=Michlig |first2=Andrea |title=New species and additional records of ''Coenogonium'' (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from southern South America|journal=The Lichenologist |volume=45 |issue=4 |year=2013 |pages=497–504 |doi=10.1017/S0024282913000169}}</ref>

<ref name="Joshi et al. 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Joshi |first1=Y. |last2=Gagarina |first2=L. |last3=Halda |first3=J.P. |last4=Oh |first4=S.-O. |last5=Hur |first5=J.-S. |year=2015 |title=A new species and a new record of the lichen genus ''Coenogonium'' (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from South Korea, with a world-wide key to crustose ''Coenogonium'' having prothalli |journal=Mycosphere |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=667–672 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/6/6/3 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303574685 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Kalb 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Kalb |first1=K. |year=2007 |title=New or otherwise interesting Lichens. III |journal=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=95 |pages=297–316}}</ref>

<ref name="Kalb et al. 2016">{{cite journal |last1=Kalb |first1=Jutarat |last2=Boonpragob |first2=Kansri |last3=Kalb |first3=Klaus |year=2016 |title=New ''Coenogonium'' species (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Thailand, new reports and a revised key to the species occurring in the country |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=283 |issue=2 |pages=101–122 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.283.2.1}}</ref>

<ref name="Kalb & Aptroot 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kalb |first1=Klaus |last2=Aptroot |first2=André |year=2018 |title=Six new lichen species from Australia |journal=Australasian Lichenology |volume=82 |pages=84–91 |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/lichenlist/AL82.pdf}} {{open access}}</ref>

<ref name="Kantvilas et al. 2018">{{cite journal |last1=Kantvilas |first1=G. |last2=Rivas Plata |first2=E. |last3=Lücking |first3=R. |title=The lichen genus ''Coenogonium'' in Tasmania |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=50 |issue=5 |year=2018 |pages=571–582 |doi=10.1017/S0024282918000385}}</ref>

<ref name="Karling 1934">{{cite journal |last1=Karling |first1=John S. |year=1934 |title=A preliminary contribution to the structure and development of ''Coenogonium'' Linkii |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=48 |issue=192 |pages=823–855 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a090480 |jstor=43237694 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Lakatos et al. 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Lakatos |first1=Michael |last2=Lange-Bertalot |first2=Horst |last3=Büdel |first3=Burkhard |year=2004 |title=Diatoms living inside the thallus of the green algal lichen ''Coenogonium linkii'' in neotropical lowland rain forests |journal=Journal of Phycology |volume=40 |pages=70–73 |doi=10.1111/j.0022-3646.2004.02-205.x |doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="Lima et al. 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Lima |first1=Dayane de Oliveira |last2=dos Santos |first2=Lidiane Alves |last3=Oliveira Junior |first3=Isaias |last4=Aptroot |first4=Andre |last5=Lücking |first5=Robert |last6=Cáceres |first6=Marcela Eugenia da Silva |title=New species, new records, and a checklist of ''Coenogonium'' (Ostropales: Coenogoniaceae) from Brazil |journal=Plant and Fungal Systematics |volume=68 |issue=2 |date=2023-12-29 |doi=10.35535/pfsyst-2023-0027 |doi-access=free |pages=462–474}}</ref>

<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=R. |last2=Kalb |first2=K. |year=2000 |title=Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien (vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu ''Coenogonium'' und ''Dimerella'' (Gyalectaceae) |journal=Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie |volume=122 |page=29 |language=de}}</ref>

<ref name="Lücking et al. 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Lücking |first1=Robert |last2=Álvaro-Alba |first2=Wilson Ricardo |last3=Moncada |first3=Bibiana |last4=Marín-Canchala |first4=Norida Lucia |last5=Tunjano |first5=Sonia Sua |last6=Cárdenas-López |first6=Dairon |title=Lichens from the Colombian Amazon: 666 taxa including 28 new species and 157 new country records document an extraordinary diversity |journal=The Bryologist |volume=126 |issue=2 |year=2023 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745-126.2.242 |pages=242–303}}</ref>

<ref name="Ludwig 2014">{{cite journal |last=Ludwig |first=L.R. |year=2014 |title=''Coenogonium fruticulosum'', a new isidiate species from New Zealand |journal=Australasian Lichenology |volume=75 |pages=18–27}}</ref>

<ref name="Malíček et al. 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Malíček |first1=Jiří |last2=Coppins |first2=Brian |last3=Palice |first3=Zdeněk |last4=Vančurová |first4=Lucie |last5=Vondrák |first5=Jan |last6=Sanderson |first6=Neil |title=''Coenogonium nimisii'' – a new isidiate epiphytic lichen similar to ''Porina rosei'' |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=55 |issue=5 |year=2023 |doi=10.1017/S0024282923000257 |pages=305–313}}</ref>

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}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10456565|from2=Q2981793}}

* Category:Gyalectales genera Category:Lichen genera Category:Taxa described in 1820 Category:Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg