{{Short description|Ancient town in Illyria}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}} {{Infobox historic site |name = Dimale |native_name= Διμάλη |native_language = el |alternate_name= Διμάλλον, Dimallum |image= |caption= |map_type = Albania |map_alt = |location = Krotinë, Berat County, Albania |region = Illyria |coordinates = {{coord|40|42|59|N|19|47|49|E|display=title}} |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = Iron Age, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman |cultures = Illyrian, Greek, Roman |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = |ownership = Public |public_access = |website = |notes = }}
'''Dimale''' or '''Dimallum''' (Illyrian: Διμάλη /Dimálē;{{sfn|Lippert|Matzinger|2021|p=131}} Ancient Greek: Διμάλη or Διμάλλον; Latin: ''Dimallum'') was a town in southern Illyria in classical antiquity which was situated in the vicinity or within the territory of the Parthini, an Illyrian tribe. It was built on a hill of 450 m above sea level, in the hinterland of Apollonia, about 30 km from the eastern coast of the Adriatic. It is located in today Krotinë, Berat County, Albania.<ref>{{harvnb|Muka|Heinzelmann|2014|p=223}}; {{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=64}}; {{harvnb|Jaupaj|2019|p=194}}; {{harvnb|Christ|1974|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=RyBLAAAAMAAJ&q=Dimale+%2B+Illyrische 290]}}; {{harvnb|Bengtson|2009|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=de6yYEMBJHEC&dq=Dimale+%2B+Illyrische&pg=PA399 399]}}; {{harvnb|Kaffka|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=p83i6uZtZ_wC&dq=Dimallum+%2B+Illyrische&pg=PA10 10]}}; {{harvnb|Wilkes|1992|p=133}}; {{harvnb|Gruen|1986|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=EkdCokrrp4gC&pg=PA381 381]}}; {{harvnb|Winnifrith|2002|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ&q=Dimallum+%2B+Illyrian 33]}}; {{harvnb|Stipčević|1974|p=99}}; {{harvnb|Hatzopoulos|1997|pp=144–145}}; {{harvnb|Šašel Kos|2005|p=406}}.</ref>
The first walls of Dimale were built around mid-4th century BC when the Illyrians went through a dynamic development founding their own cities. The urban settlement was built on an already existent Illyrian hilltop proto-urban area dating back to the previous century.<ref>{{harvnb|Dautaj|2009|p=281}}; {{harvnb|Muka|Heinzelmann|2012|p=390}}; {{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=65}}; {{harvnb|Fiedler|Lahi|Shehi|Pánczél|Velo|Döhner|2021|p=137}}.</ref> In the Hellenistic period (between the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC) the town experienced its climax, during a phase marked by intense urban planning, including the construction of a new city wall and the building of several stoas, a temple, and a theater, showing a significant influence of the Ancient Greek culture on the local Illyrian inhabitants. Manufacturing and materials seem to witness an intense exchange with nearby Apollonia.<ref>{{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=65}}; {{harvnb|Muka|Heinzelmann|2012|p=390}}.</ref>
The fortified town of Dimale was regarded as impenetrable by Illyrians.{{sfn|Stipčević|1974|p=53|ps=: "Demetrus took refuge in the fortified town of Dimallum. The Illyrians had regarded Dimallum as impregnable, and this was precisely the reason why the Romans had decided to attack it.}} It was involved in the Second Roman-Illyrian War{{sfn|Errington|1989|pp=92–93}} and the First Roman-Macedonian War.{{sfn|Errington|1989|pp=98, 104}}
== Name == The Illyrian toponym is attested in literary sources and epigraphic material, written as Διμάλη in Greek script and ''Dimallum'' in Latin script.{{sfn|Lippert|Matzinger|2021|p=131}}
The toponym belongs to the southeast Dalmatian onomastic area of Illyrian.<ref>{{harvnb|De Simone|2018|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=SuR8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1869 1869]}}</ref> It is a compound of ''di'' + ''mal''. The root ''mal'' – is reflected in many ancient Balkan (Illyrian or Thracian) toponyms such as ''Malontum'', ''Maloventum'', ''Malontina'', ''Dacia Maluensis'' etc.<ref name="Doçi">{{harvnb|Doçi|2008|p=718}}</ref><ref name=Illyés>{{harvnb|Illyés|1992|p=[https://archive.org/details/ethniccontinuity0000illy_f0n9/page/220 220]|ps=: "''mal'': "shore, bank, edge." Thracian toponym ''Malua'', Dacia Maluensis, translated to Dacia Ripensis, also Illyrian ''Malontum, Dimallum'', cf., Alb. ''Dimale'', "two mountains." The ancient Albanian form is reconstructed as ''*mol-no''; modern Alb. ''mal'', "mountain," Romanian ''mal'', "bank, mountain"."}}</ref> The Illyrian toponym ''Dimallum'' has been connected to Albanian ''di-male'', meaning "two mountains", with the Proto-Albanian form of the second component reconstructed as ''mol-no''.<ref name=Illyés/> The Illyrian reconstruction of the first component has been rendered as ''*d(ṷ)i-'', 'two'. Therefore ''Dimale'' must have meant '(settlement between) two mountains' in Illyrian.{{sfn|Lippert|Matzinger|2021|p=131}}
== History ==
{{Southern Illyria Labeled Map}}
At Dimale an Illyrian pre-urban and proto-urban settlement of the 5th-4th centuries BC is confirmed by pottery found in the site.{{sfn|Dautaj|2009|p=281|ps=: "Emërtimi qeramikë e pikturuar helenistike e Dimalit, në një farë mënyre, nënkupton vazhdimësinë e saj nga periudhat e mëparshme, konkretisht të qeramikës së pikturuar para dhe protourbane ilire, me të cilën ka mjaft dukuri e pika takimi, natyrisht me risi e novatorizëm në kushtet e zhvillimit të gjithanshëm të jetës urbane në periudhën helenistike."}}<ref name="Muka-Heinzelmann-2012-390a">{{harvnb|Muka|Heinzelmann|2012|p=390|ps=: "Në përmbledhje të rezultateve të dy fushatave arkeologjike, krijohet një panoramë më e plotë rreth Dimalit: vendbanimi ilir duket të ketë qenë banuar fillimisht gjatë shek. V-IV p.e. sonë, në një sipërfaqe më të vogël, të përqendruar kryesisht në kodrën e akropolit, e cila u fortifikua në shek. IV p.e. sonë."}}</ref> However physical architectural remains of this period have not been preserved.{{sfn|Muka|Heinzelmann|2014|p=228}} The Illyrian settlement seems to have included initially only a small inhabited area on the hill, which was fortified in the 4th century BC,<ref name="Lasagni-65">{{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=65|ps=: "l'insediamento illirico venne fortificato nel IV sec. a.C.; nel periodo III-II sec. a.C. la città conobbe il suo floruit, accompagnato da un'intensa attività urbanistica: a questa fase risale, tra le altre cose, l'edificazione di una nuova cinta muraria e del teatro; lavorazioni e materiali sembrano testimoniare un intenso scambio con la vicina Apollonia."}}</ref><ref name="Muka-Heinzelmann-2012-390a"/> representing one of the proto-urban centres that were established in the hinterland of southern Illyria (today Albania), especially during the developed Iron Age. These proto-urban centres were fortified sites different to the small unwalled villages known as ''komai''. The processes of the development of these proto-urban settlements are unclear to scholars, who also have not yet completely understood the role of these sites, whether they were hilltop shelters, towns or meeting centres of regional trading.{{sfn|Papadopoulos|2016|p=440}}
The development and prosperity of the town occurred in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. During this period a new wall was built replacing the first fortification. The new wall comprised the whole hill of Dimale. The town made available sufficient financial resources to undertake a social and religious construction program. Several stoas, a temple, and a theater were built, showing a significant influence of the Ancient Greek culture on the local Illyrian inhabitants.<ref name="Muka-Heinzelmann-2012-390b">{{harvnb|Muka|Heinzelmann|2012|p=390|ps=: "Zhvillimi dhe begatia e qytetit shënohen gjatë shek. III-II p.Kr., periudhë gjatë së cilës fotifikimi i parë i akropolit braktiset dhe në vend të tij qyteti fortifikohet me një mur të ri, i cili përfshin tashmë gjithë kodrën e Dimalit. Gjatë kësaj periudhe, qyteti vuri në dispozicion burime të mjaftueshme financiare për të ndërmarrë një program ndërtimesh me karakter shoqëror dhe religjioz, përfshirë këtu ndërtimin e disa stoave, një tempulli dhe një teatri. Gjithë këto ndërtime dëshmojnë për një gjurmë të konsiderueshme që kultura helene ka lënë tek banorët vendas ilirë."}}</ref> It has been indicated that the city was a centre of the Illyrian tribe of Parthini, and was belatedly Hellenized under the influence of Apollonia and the Epirote League.<ref>{{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=65|ps=: "È da considerarsi del tutto superata l’ipotesi, avanzata da Hammond 1968, 14-15, che Dimalla fosse una polis di origine greca, fondata sotto Pirro con un contingente di coloni da Apollonia; cf. infatti Hatzopoulos 1997, 145, che indica piuttosto questa città come centro dell’ethnos illirico dei Parthini, senza alcuna origine greca, ma tardivamente ellenizzato grazie all’influenza di Apollonia e del koinon degli Epiroti."}}</ref>
=== Roman period ===
Dimale appears in ancient sources of the Roman period that describes the wars involving the Roman Republic. During the Second Illyrian War in 219 BC, Demetrius of Pharos, after expelling all his opponents from Dimale, fortified the city against an imminent Roman attack and left to defend Pharos. In spite of the fortress of Dimale being considered impregnable, the Romans, under the command of L. Aemilius Paullus, captured the city in a seven-day siege with local Illyrian help. After Demetrius' complete defeat at Roman hands and ultimate flight to Macedonia, Dimale entered into a friendly relationship (''amicitia'') with Rome.{{sfn|Errington|1989|pp=92–93}} During the First Macedonian War, in 213 or 212 BC, Philip V of Macedon managed to take control of the city{{sfn|Errington|1989|p=98}} but, after an unsuccessful Roman assault led by P. Sempronius Tuditanus in 205 BC, the city reverted to its previous status in the negotiations between Philip V and Rome Phoenice (Treaty of Phoenice) the same year.{{sfn|Errington|1989|p=104}}
== Findings and organization == [[File:Praschniker Kalja Krot.jpg|thumb|Sketch of the fortress of Dimale at the site of Krotinë by Camillo Praschniker, 1918.]] The identification of the site of Krotinë with the ancient Illyrian city became possible thanks to the discovery of ancient tiles stamped with the word ''DIMALLITAN'' (Greek: ΔΙΜΑΛΛΙΤΑΝ).{{sfn|Wilkes|1992|p=133|ps=: "The location of Dimale (or Dimallum), a settlement in the territory of the Parthini, at Krotinc west of Berat, depends on tiles stamped DIMALLITAN (in Greek)."}}<ref name=Lasagni,64,74>{{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=64|ps=: "La città illirica di Dimalla (o Dimale), identificata nell’odierna Krotinë/Berat, a nordovest di Apollonia, ha restituito un insieme di documenti epigrafici costituito per la stragrande maggioranza di bolli su tegole databili tra III e II sec. a.C., e da alcune iscrizioni su pietra. Tra i primi, si segnalano in particolare una serie di bolli relativi ad ''ateliers'' pubblici, alcuni recanti il nome della ''polis'', ancora nella forma dorica-nordoccidentale Διμάλλας, altri recante l’etnico al genitivo plurale Διμαλλίταν, indicazioni che l’editore, B. Dautaj, suggeriva di interpretare come afferenti rispettivamente alla sola polis di Dimalla, da una parte, e al koinon dei Dimallitai, dall’altra." p. 74: "si vedano, quali esempi significativi, la compresenza delle scritte ΔΙΜΑΛΛΙΤΑΝ e ΔΙΜΑΛΛΑ negli stampi su tegola da Dimalla"}}</ref> The epigraphic material found at Dimale is mainly constituted by stamps on tiles datable between the 3rd and 2nd century BC, and by some stone inscriptions.<ref name=Lasagni,64,74/> The inscriptions are written in northwest Doric Greek.{{sfn|Hatzopoulos|1997|pp=144–145}} The name of the ''polis'' is written in the form Διμάλλας, ''Dimallas'', while the name of the ''ethnicon'' is written in the genitive plural Διμαλλίταν, ''Dimallitan''.<ref name=Lasagni,64,74/>
Epigraphy in Dimale mentions a number of Greek offices{{sfn|Hatzopoulos|1997|pp=144–145}} such as prytanis, grammateus and phylarchos as well as a single dedication to Phoebus.<ref>{{harvnb|Myrto|1998|ps=: "Dimale"}}</ref> The inscriptions bear both non-Greek onomastics and Greek onomastics with names typical of Epirus and the Corinthian colonies.{{sfn|Hatzopoulos|1997|pp=144–145}} The city hosted a number of monuments, typical of the ancient Greek architectural style, such as a stoa.{{sfn|Hatzopoulos|1997|pp=144–145}} The indication of the office of ''phylarchos'', also attested at Epidamnos, would imply that the Illyrian city of Dimale adopted in Hellenistic times a system of ''phylai'' on the model of the nearby Corinthian poleis. Archaeological investigation suggests the economic and cultural influence of nearby Apollonia, however, in terms of institutional organization, the office of ''phylarchos'' at Dimale is hardly attributable to the Apollonian influence.<ref>{{harvnb|Lasagni|2019|p=65|ps=: "L’indicazione della carica del ''phylarchos'', che abbiamo visto essere attestata a Epidamnos, implicherebbe che la città illirica di Dimalla avesse adottato in età ellenistica un sistema di ''phylai'' – quali che fossero le loro precise funzioni e composizione – sul modello delle vicine poleis corinzie. L’influenza economica e culturale delle poleis hellenides dell’area, e in particolare di Apollonia, sembra emergere dalla stessa indagine archeologica; ma, sul piano istituzionale, sembra difficile credere che la figura del phylarchos possa essere esistita a Dimalla provenendo da tale matrice.}}</ref> It is difficult to determine whether Dimale was the capital of a ''koinon'' or organized as a city-state. The inscriptions of the ''ethnicon'' depicted on coins do not provide a definitive answer. The proximity of the theater and the agora seems to be closer to the Illyrian-Epirote model rather than to the Greek city model. It can therefore be assumed that the theater was used as a place for political assemblies.<ref name=Jaupaj,440,441>{{harvnb|Jaupaj|2019|pp=440–441}}</ref>
== See also == *List of ancient cities in Illyria
== References == {{Reflist}}
== Bibliography == {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} <!-- B --> *{{cite book|last=Bengtson|first=Hermann|title=Griechische Geschichte: von den Anfängen bis in die römische Kaiserzeit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=de6yYEMBJHEC|year=2009|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-58940-9}} *{{cite book|last=Christ|first=Karl|title=Hannibal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RyBLAAAAMAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft|isbn=978-3-534-06077-1}} <!-- D --> *{{cite journal|last=Dautaj|first=Burhan|title=Qeramika e pikturuar helenistike e Dimalit|year=2009|journal=Iliria|volume=34|pages=281–321|language=sq|doi=10.3406/iliri.2009.1090}} *{{Cite book|last=De Simone|first=Carlo|chapter=Illyrian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SuR8DwAAQBAJ|title=Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics|editor-last=Klein|editor-first=Jared|editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first2=Brian|editor-last3=Fritz|editor-first3=Matthias|publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-054243-1}} *{{cite book|last=Doçi|first=Rexhep|chapter=Illyrian-Albanian Toponyms|title=Namenforschung / Name Studies / Les noms propres. 1. Halbband|editor-last=Eichler|editor-first=Ernst|editor-last2=Hilty|editor-first2=Gerold|editor-last3=Löffler|editor-first3=Heinrich|editor-last4=Steger|editor-first4=Hugo|editor-last5=Zgusta|editor-first5=Ladislav|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|year=2008|isbn=978-3110203424}} <!-- E --> *{{cite book|last1=Errington|first1=R. M.|title=The Cambridge Ancient History: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C|chapter=Rome and Greece to 250 B.C.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=VIII|year=1989|edition=2|editor1=A. E. Astin|editor2=F. W. Walbank|editor3=M. W. Frederiksen|editor4=R. M. Ogilvie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Oe1u1H_OSMC|isbn=0-521-23448-4|pages=81–106}} <!-- F --> *{{cite journal|last1=Fiedler|first1=M.|last2=Lahi|first2=B.|last3=Shehi|first3=E.|last4=Pánczél|first4=S.-P.|last5=Velo|first5=K.|last6=Döhner|first6=Gregor|title=Ausgrabungen in der Kleinsiedlung Babunjë bei Apollonia (Albanien) Bericht zu den Kampagnen 2018–2019|journal=Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Römische Abteilung (RM)|volume=127|year=2021|pages=110–144}} <!-- G --> *{{cite book|last=Gruen|first=Erich S.|title= The Hellenistic world and the coming of Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EkdCokrrp4gC|year=1986|publisher=University of California Press|isbn= 978-0-520-05737-1}} <!-- H --> *{{cite book|last=Hatzopoulos|first=M. B.|chapter=The Borders of Hellenism in Epirus during Antiquity|editor=M. V. Sakellariou|title=Ηπειρος: 4000 χρόνια ελληνικής ιστορίας και πολιτισμού|year=1997|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Ekdotike Athenon|isbn=9789602133712}} <!-- I --> *{{cite book|last=Illyés|first=Elemér|title=2nd (revised) edition 1992). ''Ethnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area'', p. 220].|year=1992|orig-year=1988|url=https://archive.org/details/ethniccontinuity0000illy_f0n9|url-access=registration}} <!-- J --> *{{cite thesis|last=Jaupaj|first=Lavdosh|year=2019|title=Etudes des interactions culturelles en aire Illyro-épirote du VII au III siècle av. J.-C.|publisher=Université de Lyon; Instituti i Arkeologjisë (Albanie)|url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02493973/document}} <!-- K --> *{{cite book|last=Kaffka|first=Thomas|title=Der Erste Makedonische Krieg: Imperialismus, Hegemoniestreben oder Expansion?- Rom und die östliche Mittelmeerwelt im 2./1. Jh. V. Chr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p83i6uZtZ_wC|year=2007|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-638-84946-3}} <!-- L --> *{{cite book|last=Lasagni|first=Chiara|title=Le realtà locali nel mondo greco: Ricerche su poleis ed ethne della Grecia occidentale|editor-last1=Cresci Marrone|editor-first1=Giovannella|editor-last2=Culasso Gastaldi|editor-first2=Enrica|series=Studi e testi di epigrafia|publisher=Edizioni dell'Orso|year=2019|isbn=978-88-6274-962-6}} *{{cite book|last1=Lippert|first1=Andreas|last2=Matzinger|first2=Joachim|title=Die Illyrer: Geschichte, Archäologie und Sprache|publisher=Kohlhammer Verlag|year=2021|isbn=9783170377103|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0N9SEAAAQBAJ}} <!-- M --> *{{cite journal|last1=Muka|first1=Belisa|last2=Heinzelmann|first2=Michael|title=Dimal|year=2012|journal=Iliria|volume=36|pages=387–391|language=sq|doi=10.3406/iliri.2012.2402}} *{{cite book|last1=Muka|first1=Belisa|last2=Heinzelmann|first2=Michael|editor-last=Molla|editor-first=Nevilla|chapter=Dimal: new results of the Albanian-German research project|title=Proceedings of the International Congress of Albanian Archaeological Studies: 65th Anniversary of Albanian Archaeology (21-22 November, Tirana 2013)|publisher=Botimet Albanologjike|year=2014|place=Tiranë|isbn=9789928141286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aM4rgEACAAJ|pages=223–231}} *{{cite book|last=Myrto|first=Halil|title=Albania archeologica: bibliografia sistematica dei centri antichi|volume=1: A-D|publisher=Edipuglia|place=Bari|year=1998}} <!-- P --> *{{cite book|last=Papadopoulos|first=John|chapter=Komai, Colonies and Cities in Epirus and Southern Albania: The Failure of the Polis and the Rise of Urbanism on the Fringes of the Greek World|editor-last=Molloy|editor-first=Barry P.C.|title=Of Odysseys and Oddities: Scales and Modes of Interaction Between Prehistoric Aegean Societies and their Neighbours|date=2016|publisher=Oxbow Books|isbn=978-1-78570-232-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O6B8DAAAQBAJ|pages=435–460}} <!-- R --> *{{cite journal |last1=Rubini |first1=Mario |last2=Zaio |first2=Paola |title=A Paleoanthropological and Paleopathological Approach to the Dimal Population (3rd–2nd Century BCE, Albania) |journal=Kölner und Bonner Archaeologica |date=2015 |volume=15 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308749011}} <!-- S --> *{{cite book|last=Šašel Kos|first=Marjeta|title=Appian and Illyricum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=opBpAAAAMAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Narodni Muzej Slovenije|isbn=978-961-6169-36-3}} *{{cite book|last=Stipčević|first=Aleksandar|title=The Illyrians: history and culture|year=1974|edition=1977|publisher=Noyes Press|isbn= 978-0815550525|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NLcWAQAAIAAJ}} *{{cite book|last=Stipčević|first=Aleksandar|title=Iliri: povijest, život, kultura|trans-title=The Illyrians: history and culture|year=1989|publisher=Školska knjiga|language=hr|isbn=9788603991062|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56ZmAAAAMAAJ}} <!-- W --> *{{Cite book|last=Wilkes|first=John J.|author-link=J. J. Wilkes|title=The Illyrians|location=Oxford, United Kingdom|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=1992|isbn=0-631-19807-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Nv6SPRKqs8C}} *{{cite book|last=Winnifrith|first=Tom J.|title=Badlands-borderlands: a history of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania |publisher=Duckworth|year=2002|location=London|isbn=0-7156-3201-9|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ}} {{ref end}}
== External links == *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234%3Abook%3D3%3Achapter%3D18 Polybius, Histories, 3.18 - Demetrius Fortifies Dimale] *[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Plb.+7.9&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0234 Polybius, Histories, 7.9 - Treaty Between Hannibal and King Philip V of Macedon] *[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/livy/liv.29.shtml#12 Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 29.12] *[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/AL/40/Krotine.html Krotine Locator]
{{Illyrians}} {{Castles in Albania}} Category:Archaeology of Illyria Category:Buildings and structures in Berat County Category:Cities in ancient Illyria Category:Former populated places in Albania Category:Former populated places in the Balkans Category:Illyrian Albania Category:Hellenistic Albania Category:Tourist attractions in Berat County