Diloma

{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Diloma subrostrata subrostrata.JPG | image_caption = A shell of ''Diloma subrostrata'' | image2 = Diloma_orientalis_01.JPG | image2_caption = Five views of a fossil shell of ''Diloma orientalis'' (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917) | display_parents = 2 | taxon = Diloma | authority = Philippi, 1845<ref>Philippi R. A. (1845). ''Abb. u. Beschr. Conch.'' '''1'''(8): 188.</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = * ''Anisodiloma'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Cavodiloma'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Fractarmilla'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Melagraphia'' Gray, 1847 * ''Monodonta (Neodiloma)'' P. Fischer, 1885 junior subjective synonym * ''Neodiloma'' P. Fischer, 1885 * ''Trochus (Diloma)'' R. A. Philippi, 1845 superseded rank * ''Zediloma'' Finlay, 1926 * ''Zediloma (Fractarmilla)'' H. J. Finlay, 1926 junior subjective synonym | type_species = ''Turbo nigerrimus'' | type_species_authority = Gmelin, 1791 }}

'''''Diloma''''' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Trochidae, the top snails.<ref name="WoRMS">Bouchet, P. (2010). Diloma Philippi, 1845. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=391149 on 2011-07-02</ref>

There is also a genus ''Diloma'', F.H.Wind & P.Cepek, 1979 a genus of phytoplankton in the class Prymnesiophyceae

==Description== The solid shell is imperforate and depressed globose. It is slate-colored or black, sometimes (especially if worn) reddish or brownish. The conic spire is short. The apex is acute, usually reddish. The sutures are linear. The five whorls are slightly convex, rapidly increasing and spirally obsoletely striate. The body whorl is usually depressed or subconcave below the suture. The base of the shell is rounded, eroded and iridescent in front of the aperture. The aperture is huge, oblique iridescent. The outer lip is rather thin, not black-margined within; but bordered by a brilliantly iridescent band; The columella is concave, obsoletely subdentate below, very broad and flattened or excavated on the face. It is composed principally of an opaque white layer which also lines the base but does not extend to the edge of the lip. The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and 26 mm. Its diameter varies between 17 mm and 24 mm.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo111tryo Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]</ref>

==Distribution== This genus occurs in the Indo-Pacific, including New Zealand, Japan, and other areas.<ref name="Donald 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Donald |first1=Kirsten M. |last2=Kennedy |first2=Martyn |last3=Spencer |first3=Hamish G. |title=The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences☆ |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=2005 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=474–483 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.011}}</ref>

==Species== Partial phylogram of the species in the genus ''Diloma'':<ref name="Donald 2005" />

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%; |label1='''Diloma''' |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Diloma samoaense'' Schwabe & Barclay, 2003 |2=''Diloma radula'' (Philippi, 1849) }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Diloma aethiops'' Gmelin, 1791 |2=''Diloma subrostrata'' (Gray in Yate, 1835) }} |2={{clade |1=''Diloma concamerata'' (Wood, 1828) |2={{clade |1=''Diloma zelandica'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Diloma crusoeana'' (Pilsbry, 1889) |2=''Diloma nigerrima'' (Gmelin, 1791) }} |2={{clade |1=''Diloma bicanaliculatum'' (Dunker, 1844) |2={{clade |1=''Diloma arida'' (Finlay, 1927) |2=''Diloma coracina'' (Philippi, 1851) }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

Other species in the genus not included in the phylogram include:<ref>{{ITIS |taxon=''Diloma'' |id=331141}}</ref><ref>Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}</ref> * ''Diloma aethiops'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Diloma amoenum'' (A. A. Gould, 1849) * ''Diloma aridum'' (H. J. Finlay, 1926) * ''Diloma bicanaliculatum'' (Dunker, 1845) * ''Diloma concameratum'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Diloma coracinum'' (Troschel, 1851) * ''Diloma durvillaea'' Spencer, Marshall & Waters, 2009<ref>Spencer H. G., Marshall B. A. & Waters J. M. (2009). "Systematics and phylogeny of a new cryptic species of ''Diloma'' Philippi (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae) from a novel habitat, the bull kelp holdfast communities of southern New Zealand". ''Invertebrate Systematics'' '''23''': 19-25. {{doi|10.1071/IS08030}}. [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=IS08030.pdf PDF].</ref> * ''Diloma filipino'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma hsiujuae'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma imitationis'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma lepidum'' (A. A. Gould, 1861) * ''Diloma miocenica'' S. N. Nielsen, Frassinetti & Bandel, 2004 † * ''Diloma nanum'' Gould, 1861 * ''Diloma nigerrimum'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Diloma oriens'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma piperinum'' (R. A. Philippi, 1849) * ''Diloma radula'' (R. A. Philippi, 1849) * ''Diloma samoaense'' Schwabe & Barclay, 2003 * ''Diloma subrostratum'' (J. E. Gray, 1835) * ''Diloma sulci'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma triumtrium'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma yanliaoense'' S.-I Huang, I-F. Fu, K.-H. Hu & C.-P. Chen, 2026 * ''Diloma zelandicum'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)

Species brought into synonymy: * ''Diloma arida'' (H. J. Finlay, 1926): synonym of ''Diloma aridum'' (H. J. Finlay, 1926) (incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet) * ''Diloma constellatum'' Souverbie, 1863: synonym of ''Austrocochlea constellata'' (Souverbie, 1863) * ''Diloma gaimardi'' Hutton: synonym of ''Diloma aethiops'' Gmelin, 1791 * ''Diloma impervium'' (Menke, 1843): synonym of ''Oxystele impervia'' (Menke, 1843) * ''Diloma nana'' A. A. Gould, 1861: synonym of ''Diloma nanum'' A. A. Gould, 1861 (incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet) * ''Diloma plumbea'' F. W. Hutton, 1882: synonym of ''Diloma subrostratum'' (J. E. Gray, 1835) (junior subjective synonym) * ''Diloma sinense'' (Gmelin, 1791) :synonym of ''Oxystele sinensis'' (Gmelin, 1791) * ''Diloma suavis'' (Philippi, 1849): synonym of ''Pictodiloma suavis'' (Philippi, 1849) * ''Diloma tabulare'' (Krauss, 1848): synonym of ''Oxystele tabularis'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Diloma tigrinum'' (Anton, 1838): synonym of ''Oxystele tigrina'' (Anton, 1838) * ''Diloma variegatum'' (Anton, 1838): synonym of ''Oxystele antoni'' D. G. Herbert, 2015 * ''Diloma subrostratum novaezelandiae'' Anton, 1838: synonym of ''Diloma subrostratum'' (Gray in Yate, 1835) * ''Diloma (Chlorodiloma) millelineata'' (Bonnett, 1864): synonym of ''Chlorodiloma millelineata'' (Bonnett, 1864) * ''Diloma (Fractarmilla) lenior'' Finlay, H.J., 1927: synonym of ''Diloma bicanaliculatum'' (Dunker, 1844)

==References== {{Reflist}} * Williams S.T., Karube S. & Ozawa T. (2008) ''Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined''. Zoologica Scripta 37: 483–506 * Huang, S.-I, Fu, I-F., Hu, K.-H. & Chen, C.-P. (2026). Notes on Trochus piperinus R. A. Philippi, 1849 (Trochoidea, Trochidae, Monodontinae). Bulletin of Malacology, Taiwan. 49: 1-32.

==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Diloma}}

Category:Diloma Category:Trochidae Category:Taxa named by Rodolfo Amando Philippi Category:Gastropod genera