Dilkusha Kothi

{{Short description|18th century house in Lucknow, India}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}} {{Infobox Historic building |image=Dilkusha6.jpg |caption=Dilkusha Kothi in 1858 pictured by Francis Beato |name=Dilkusha Kothi |location_town=Lucknow |location_country=India |architect= |client=Saadat Ali Khan |engineer= |construction_start_date=c 1800 |completion_date=c.1805 |demolished_date=ruin by 1880s |cost= |structural_system= |architectural_style=English Baroque

}}

'''Dilkusha Kothi''' is the remains of an eighteenth-century house built in the English baroque style in the quiet Dilkusha area of Lucknow in India.<ref name=exp>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=255431 Dilkusha Kothi, expressindia.com 9 September]{{dead link|date=February 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} accessed 11 September 2007</ref> Today there are only a few towers and external walls as a monument, though the extensive gardens remain. The house was shelled during its involvement in the Siege of Lucknow in 1857, together with the Residency and the nearby school of La Martinière.

==History== The house was constructed around 1800 by the British resident Major Gore Ouseley,<ref name=nic>[http://asi.nic.in/ncf/Uttar_Pradesh.pdf nic.in] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410103001/http://asi.nic.in/ncf/Uttar_Pradesh.pdf |date=2009-04-10 }} accessed 10 September 2007</ref> a friend of the ruler of Oudh, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan. It was initially intended as a hunting lodge for the Nawabs of Oudh, although it was later used as a summer resort too. Changes were made to its design by Nawab, King Nasir-ud-Din Haider (1827-1837). The building had patterned walls and unusually no inner courtyard as was traditional in Indian architecture. The building therefore had a smaller footprint and did not extend over a large area but was taller than traditional local architecture. Like its neighbour, La Constantia, it is located on the banks of Lucknow's main river, the Gomti.<ref name=exp/> [[File:Seaton Delaval. Britanicus.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|An engraving of the north front of Seaton Delaval Hall in Northumberland, England]]

The design bears a startling resemblance to the style of Seaton Delaval Hall in Northumberland, England. Seaton Delaval Hall was built in 1721 and was designed by Sir John Vanbrugh, who also designed Blenheim Palace. Dilkusha Kothi is depicted in a rare early albumen print by the photographer Samuel Bourne, dating from 1864–1865.<ref>[http://www.tehelka.com/channels/thehub/2006/Dec/16/photo.asp?filename=1 'The harvest of lost time'. Tehelka online newspaper, 20 September 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024023954/http://www.tehelka.com/channels/thehub/2006/Dec/16/photo.asp?filename=1 |date=24 October 2007 }} accessed 19 September 2007</ref>

The British actress Mary Linley Taylor was impressed by Dilkusha Kothi and named her own home in Seoul after it. She explained, "From that moment in India when first I saw Dilkusha, the Palace of Heart's Delight, I dreamed of this moment when I would bestow upon our home the name 'Dilkusha'."<ref>{{cite web|title=Sad, romantic story of Dilkusha|url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2015/06/355_153376.html|publisher=The Korea Times|access-date=15 April 2017|language=en|date=14 March 2014}}</ref>

==Balloon ascent== It is said that in 1830, Dilkushi Kothi was the location for an early balloon ascent by "an Englishman". This story is less notable given that the Frenchman Claude Martin who had been a neighbour when his palace of Constantia, later La Martinière Boys College, was started in the 1790s. He too had arranged a balloon ascent in Lucknow and he died before the demonstration here. The ascent in 1830 was watched by King Nasir-ud-Din Haider and a large number of his courtiers.<ref name=FlickerStory>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/lucknow.htm The siege at DefenceJournal.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930022254/http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/lucknow.htm |date=30 September 2007 }} accessed 20 September 2007 Faizal Khan Lakri Mohal Sadar Lucknow is the king of Dilkusha</ref>

==1857== {{main|Siege of Lucknow}} [[File:Plate 09, The Dil Khoosa Palace and the Martiniere (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Plate 09, The Dil Khoosa Palace during the Siege of Lucknow in 1857]] [[File:Map2lucknow-1200.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|right|A map showing the British positions and the key positions of both Dilkusha Kothi and La Martinière College, towards the lower right.]] The military positions in 1857 are shown on the map illustrated.<ref>Forty-one years in India: From Subaltern To Commander-In-Chief Author: Frederick Sleigh Roberts [http://www.gutenburg.org available at gutenburg.org] published 1897</ref> The Dilkusha gardens are at the lower right near St Paul's College. In 1857 the house was occupied by Indian rebels before being recaptured by British forces under the instructions of Sir Colin Campbell. General Henry Havelock died on 24 November 1857 from dysentery at Dilkusha.<ref name=exp/> The map illustrated shows how the grounds were at the centre of the British military activity in September and November 1857. Northwest along the river Gomti is La Martinière College, and further along the river is the Residency of Sir Henry Lawrence. These three buildings played a substantial role in the uprising in Lucknow. This building received heavy shelling,<ref name=exp/> although the photograph above dated 1858 shows little evidence of major damage. A photo taken in 1898<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/51241911@N00/456750414/ Photograph taken in 1898] accessed September 2007</ref> shows the building in ruins , so it would appear that the major damage was not sustained in the siege.

Following the uprising a large number of medals were awarded, but the most valuable are said to be those that bear the words "Siege of Lucknow".{{citation needed|date=June 2018}} [[File:William Simpson - The Dilkoosha, Lucknow in the Distance - B1975.3.259 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.6|''The Dilkusha with Lucknow in the Distance'', 1866, William Simpson, Yale Center for British Art]] thumb|upright=1.3|A picture taken in the 1880s by an unknown photographer shows the palace in ruins

thumb|upright=1.3|Recent photo of Dilkhusha Kothi

==Today== Today the gardens are visited by few people. It has been surmised that the reason may be the lack of publicity.<ref name=exp/> There are a greater number of visitors during the winter when foreign tourists add to the normal visitors of families picnicking,<ref name=iiw>[http://www.indiainfoweb.com/uttar-pradesh/monuments/kothi-dilkusha.html Dilkushi Kothi at Indiainfoweb] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109180512/http://www.indiainfoweb.com/uttar-pradesh/monuments/kothi-dilkusha.html |date=2009-01-09 }} accessed 12 September 2007</ref> school children and young couples.<ref name=exp/> The Archaeological Society of India has done work to prevent further decay, carrying out gardening and small repairs. The site is considered to be deserving of further publicity by the ASI, subject to funding.<ref name=exp/><ref name=iiw/> It is claimed that "Dilkusha Kothi is probably one of the most beautiful monuments in the historic city of Lucknow."<ref name=exp/>

==In literature== There are strong links to E. M. Forster's novel ''A Passage to India''. In the book there is a place called Dilkusha, which is a replica of an English stately home.<ref>[http://www.haddonfield.k12.nj.us/hmhs/academics/english/geographical_presence_in_forester.htm The Geographical Presence in A Passage to India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614011817/http://www.haddonfield.k12.nj.us/hmhs/academics/english/geographical_presence_in_forester.htm |date=14 June 2014 }} accessed 13 September 2007</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Houses completed in 1805 Category:Buildings and structures in Lucknow Category:Houses in India Category:Tourist attractions in Lucknow Category:Ruins in India Category:Baroque architecture in India Category:1805 establishments in British India