{{Short description|Breed of cattle}} {{Redirect|Devon cattle}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} {{Infobox cattle breed | name = North Devon | image = Red_Devon_bull.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = A thick-necked bull of a deep rich red colour | image_caption = A bull | status = {{ubl|FAO (2007): not at risk{{r|barb|p=144}}|DAD-IS (2022): not at risk{{r|dad}}}} | altname = {{ubl|Beef Devon|Devon|Devon Ruby|Devon Red Ruby|Red Devon|Red Ruby}} | country = United Kingdom | distribution = {{ubl|Australia|North America|South America|United Kingdom{{r|dad2}}}} | standard = | use = {{ubl|{{nobreak|formerly triple-purpose (meat/milk/draught)}}|now principally beef}} | weight = | maleweight = average 980 kg{{r|dad}} | femaleweight = average 630 kg{{r|dad}} | height = | maleheight = average 136 cm{{r|dad}} | femaleheight = average 130 cm{{r|dad}} | skincolour = | coat = deep rich red | horn = | subspecies = taurus | note = }}
The '''Devon''' is a traditional British breed of beef cattle. It originated in, and is named for, the county of Devon in the West Country of England. It is a deep rich red in colour, and so may be known as the '''Devon Ruby''', '''Ruby red''' or '''Red Ruby''';{{r|mason|p=45}} it may also be called the '''North Devon''' to distinguish it from the South Devon.
== History == The Devon is a traditional breed of the county of Devon in the West Country of England.
A herdbook was started by John Tanner Davy in 1850. A breed society, the Devon Cattle Breeders' Society, was formed in 1884, and took over management of the herd-book.{{r|cabi|p=168}}
By the early twentieth century the Devon was widespread. A census in 1908 found a population of close to 500,000, outnumbered only by the Shorthorn – of which there were about ten times that number.{{r|cabi|p=168|porter|p2=25}}
=== In the United States === {{main|American Milking Devon}}
[[File:Devon bullock team.JPG|thumb|Devon bullock team, Timbertown, Wauchope, New South Wales]]
=== In Australia === Devons were popular for use in bullock teams for hauling cedar and other logs from the forests, which was pit sawn and then transported by bullock drawn wagons and timber junkers to towns and seaports for cabinet making or export. These cattle were among the earliest breeds in Australia and Devons were noted for their docility, early maturing, hardiness and strength which were important attributes to have in a team.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gloucester.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/home-is-where-the-bullock-is/435266.aspx |title=Home is where the bullock is |access-date=2009-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805082347/http://gloucester.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/home-is-where-the-bullock-is/435266.aspx |archive-date=2008-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.abc.net.au/rural/content/2008/s2482902.htm ABC Rural]</ref>
== Characteristics ==
== References == {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=barb>Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200623201209/http://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/List%20of%20breeds%20documented%20in%20the%20Global%20Databank%20for%20Animal%20Genetic%20Resources/List_breeds.pdf List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources], annex to [https://web.archive.org/web/20170110125634/http://www.fao.org/3/a-a1250e.pdf ''The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture'']. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{isbn|9789251057629}}. Archived 23 June 2020.</ref>
<ref name=cabi>Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). [https://books.google.it/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&hl=en ''Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding''] (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|9781780647944}}.</ref>
<ref name=dad>[https://dadis-breed-datasheet-ext-ws.firebaseapp.com/?country=GBR&specie=Cattle&breed=Devon&lang=en Breed data sheet: Devon / United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cattle)]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2022.</ref>
<ref name=dad2>[https://dadis-transboundary-ext-ws.web.app/?species=Cattle&transboundary=Devon&lang=en Transboundary breed: Devon]. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed February 2022.</ref>
<ref name=mason>Valerie Porter, Ian Lauder Mason (2002). [https://books.google.it/books?id=1FNUW-44fEsC&pg=PA314&hl=en ''Mason's World Dictionary of Livestock Breeds, Types, and Varieties''] (fifth edition). Wallingford: CABI. {{isbn|085199430X}}.</ref>
<ref name=porter>Valerie Porter (2009). ''British Cattle''. Botley, Oxford: Shire Publications. {{isbn|9780747807643}}.</ref>
}}
== Further reading == {{refbegin}} * Clive Thornton, (1993). ''Red Rubies: A History of the Devon Breed of Cattle'', Manchester: Gabriel Communications. {{isbn|9780949005861}}. * Philip Walling (2018). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nytHDwAAQBAJ&dq=William+Quartly+molland&pg=PT214 ''Till the Cows Come Home: The Story of Our Eternal Dependence''], Chapter 11 * Albert Beer, Sean Beer (1998). Red Rubies: Jewels in Exmoor's Crown. ''Exmoor Magazine'', Issue No 4, Autumn 1998, pages 16–18. * J. Sinclair (1893). ''History of the Devon Breed of Cattle'', London. * John Tanner Davy (1869). ''A Short History of the Rise and Progress of the Devon Breed of Cattle'', Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England, Vol. 30, pp. 107–130. * Richard Trevor Wilson (2012). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282809381_In_Native_Species_THE_RISE_FALL_AND_RESTORATION_OF_A_NATIVE_BREED_OF_DOMESTIC_CATTLE_THE_DEVON_RED_RUBY_OF_SOUTHWEST_ENGLAND The Rise, Fall and Restoration of a Native Breed of Domestic Cattle: The Devon Red Ruby of Southwest England]. In: L. Marin and D. Kovač (editors) (2012). ''Native Species'', Nova Science Publishers, Inc., pages 57–83. {{isbn|978-1-61470-613-7}} {{refend}} {{British livestock|R.}}
Category:Cattle breeds originating in England Category:Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy