Dentex

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Middle Miocene|present|[[Middle Miocene]] to present}} | image = Dentón común (Dentex dentex), Cabo de Palos, España, 2022-07-15, DD 59.jpg | image_caption = ''Dentex dentex'' | taxon = Dentex | authority = [[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1814 | type_species = ''Sparus dentex'' | type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=14 January 2024}}</ref> | synonyms = {{Genus list | Allotaius | [[Gilbert Percy Whitley|Whitley]], 1937 | Opsodentex | [[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1925 | Synagris | [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1876 | Taius | [[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]] & [[William Francis Thompson (biologist)|Thompson]], 1912 }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name = CofF/> }} '''''Dentex''''' is a [[genus]] of marine [[ray-finned fish]]es belonging to the [[Family (taxonomy)|family]] [[Sparidae]], which includes the seabreams and porgies. The fishes in this genus are found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the eastern Indian and Western Pacific Oceans.

==Taxonomy== ''Dentex'' was first proposed as a genus by the French [[zoologist]] [[Georges Cuvier]] in 1814, ''Sparus dentex'' was the [[type species]] by absolute [[Tautonym|tautonymy]].<ref name = CofF/> ''S. dentex'' had been [[Species description|described]] in 1758 by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in the 10th Edition of his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' from the [[Mediterranean Sea]].<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Dentex|access-date=15 January 2024}}</ref> The five [[Indo-Pacific]] species form a [[species complex]] called the ''Dentex hypselosomus'' species complex but have not been separated into their own genus.<ref name = Iwatsuki2007/> This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Denticinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author=Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–98 |url=https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52 |archive-date=2025-02-21 |access-date=2024-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221133739/https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52 |url-status=dead }}</ref> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>

==Etymology== ''Dentex'' means "with large teeth, and is tautonymous with Linnaeus's ''Sparus dentex'', and is a reference to the large teeth in both jaws.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=15 January 2024 |date=22 December 2023 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species== There are currently 14 recognized species in this genus:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Dentex|month=October|year=2023}}</ref> * ''[[Dentex abei]]'' [[Yukio Iwatsuki|Iwatsuki]], [[Masato Akazaki|Akazaki]] & [[Nobuhiko Taniguchi|Taniguchi]], 2007 (Yellowfin seabream) * ''[[Dentex angolensis]]'' [[Max Fernand Leon Poll|Poll]] & [[Günther Maul|Maul]], 1953 (Angolan dentex) * ''[[Dentex barnardi]]'' [[Jean Cadenat|Cadenat]], 1970 (Barnard's dentex) * ''[[Dentex canariensis]]'' [[Franz Steindachner|Steindachner]], 1881 (Canary dentex) * ''[[Dentex carpenteri]]'' Iwatsuki, [[Stephen John Newman|S. J. Newman]] & [[Barry C. Russell|B. C. Russell]], 2015 (Yellow snout seabream)<ref name=Iwatsuki2015>{{cite journal |author=Iwatsuki, Y. |author2=Newman, S.J. |author3=Russell, B.C. |name-list-style=& |year=2015 |title=''Dentex carpenteri'', a new species of deepwater seabream from Western Australia (Pisces: Sparidae) |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3957 |issue=1 |pages=109–119 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3957.1.9|pmid=26249058 }}</ref> * ''[[Dentex congoensis]]'' Poll, 1954 (Congo dentex) * ''[[Common dentex|Dentex dentex]]'' ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) (Common dentex) * ''[[Dentex fourmanoiri]]'' Akazaki & [[Bernard Séret|Séret]], 1999 (Fourmanoir's seabream) * ''[[Dentex gibbosus]]'' ([[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque|Rafinesque]], 1810) (Pink dentex) * ''[[Dentex hypselosomus]]'' [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1854 (Yellowback seabream) * ''[[Dentex macrophthalmus]]'' ([[Marcus Elieser Bloch|Bloch]], 1791) (Large-eye dentex) * ''[[Dentex maroccanus]]'' [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1830 (Morocco dentex) * ''[[Dentex spariformis]]'' [[James Douglas Ogilby|J. D. Ogilby]], 1910 (Saffronfin seabream) The [[Eocene]] fossil species ''[[Dentex laekeniensis]]'' [[Pierre-Joseph van Beneden|van Beneden]], 1872 is generally placed in its own genus, ''[[Ctenodentex]]''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Beckett |first2=Hermione T. |last3=Schein |first3=Jason D. |last4=Friedman |first4=Matt |date=2018 |editor-last=Rahman |editor-first=Imran |title=Computed tomography scanning as a tool for linking the skeletal and otolith-based fossil records of teleost fishes |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12349 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=61 |issue=4 |pages=511–541 |doi=10.1111/pala.12349 |bibcode=2018Palgy..61..511S |issn=0031-0239|hdl=2027.42/144669 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ctenodentex lakeniensis (P.J. Van Beneden, 1872) — RBINS Virtual Collections |url=https://virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be/virtual-collections/paleontology/Fossil%20Vertebrates/Fossil%20Fishes/ctenodentex-lakeniensis-p-j-van-beneden-1872 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=virtualcollections.naturalsciences.be |language=en}}</ref> Fossil specimens of modern ''Dentex'' are known from the [[Middle Miocene]] of the former [[Paratethys]] region, including in Hungary and Ukraine.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dubikovska |first=Anastasiia |last2=Górka |first2=Marcin |last3=Skyrpan |first3=Mykola |last4=Bienkowska-Wasiluk |first4=Malgorzata |last5=Barkaszi |first5=Zoltán |last6=Kovalchuk |first6=Oleksandr |date=2025-01-02 |title=New data on the early Badenian (Middle Miocene) bony fishes of the Forecarpathian Basin |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2025.2516023 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=45 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2025.2516023 |issn=0272-4634|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Characteristics== ''Dentex'' seabreams are characterised within the Sparidae by the possession of a series of sharp conical teeth in each jaw, 4 in the upper jaw and 6 in the lower jaw , These teeth are enlarged and [[Canine teeth|canine]]-like and they have no [[molar (tooth)|molar]]-like teeth. The scales between the eyes extend to near a level with the front part of the orbit. The flange on the [[preoperculum]] is completely covered in scales.<ref name=Iwatsuki2007>{{cite journal |author=Iwatsuki, Y. |author2=M. Akazaki |author3=N. Taniguchi |name-list-style=and |year=2007 |title=Review of the species of the genus ''Dentex'' (Perciformes:Sparidae) in the Western Pacific defined as the ''D. hypselosomus'' complex with the description of a new species, ''Dentex abei'' and a redescription of ''Evynnis tumifrons'' |journal=Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science Series A (Zoology) |issue=Supplement 1 |pages=29–49 |url=https://www.kahaku.go.jp/research/publication/zoology/s1/S02_Iwatsuki_et-al.pdf}}</ref> The largest species in the genus is the pink dentex (''D. gibbosus'') with a maximum published [[fork length]] of {{cvt|106|cm}} while the smallest is ''D. fourmanoiri'' which has a maximum published [[standard length]] of {{cvt|21.5|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution== ''Dentex'' sea breams are found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, from Europe to Namibia, and in the Eastern Indian and Western Pacific Ocean from Japan south to Australia.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sparidae]] [[Category:Dentex| ]] [[Category:Marine fish genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier]] [[Category:Spariform fish genera]]