Denov

{{Short description|City in Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Denov | native_name = {{langx|uz|Denov}} | other_name = | pushpin_map = Uzbekistan#West Asia#Tokharistan | pushpin_relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uzbekistan | coordinates = {{coord|38|16|N|67|54|E|display=inline}} | subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Uzbekistan}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Uzbekistan|Region]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Surxondaryo Region]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Uzbekistan|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Denov District]] | established_title = Town status | established_date = 1958 | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | area_magnitude = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_urban_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = 2016 | population_footnotes = <ref name=shaharlar/> | population_total = 78300 | population_urban = | population_metro = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Uzbekistan Time|UZT]] | utc_offset = +5 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = | image_skyline = Denov madrasa Sayid Atalik 01-03.JPG }} '''Denov''' ({{langx|uz|Denov}}<ref name=ome>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://n.ziyouz.com/books/uzbekiston_milliy_ensiklopediyasi/O'zbekiston%20Milliy%20Ensiklopediyasi%20-%20D%20harfi.pdf|title=Денов|trans-title=Denov|encyclopedia=[[National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan]]|pages=198–199|language=uz|year=2000–2005|location=Tashkent}}</ref>) is a city in [[Surxondaryo Region]] of southeast [[Uzbekistan]], the administrative centre of [[Denov District]].<ref name=class>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/uploads/docs/soato(mhobt)_2020.xlsx|title=Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan|language=uz, ru|date=July 2020|publisher=The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics}}</ref> It is in the [[Gissar Range|Hissar Range]] close to the border with [[Tajikistan]], and is the closest major town to the [[Khalchayan|Kalchayan]] and [[Dalverzin Tepe]] archaeological sites. Denov is believed to be the site of ancient city of [[Chaghaniyan]].<ref>Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Litvinsky, B. A. History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750. UNESCO. p. 177. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.</ref>

== Etymology == The Uzbek name of the city comes from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word "ده نو" 'Deh-e No' (in [[Tajik alphabet]]: “деҳнав”) meaning “new village”.

== Geography == Denov is located in a subtropical valley in a mountainous part of Uzbekistan's Surxondaryo Region with the [[Gissar Range|Hissar Range]] to the north and east and the Chulbair Range to the west. It is close to the border with [[Tajikistan]], on the main road to the international border crossing, and thus functions as a regional transport hub.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ibbotson|first=Sophie|title=Uzbekistan|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd|year=2020|isbn=9-781784-771089|location=United Kingdom|pages=193}}</ref>

===Climate=== Denov has a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk'') with mild winters and very hot summers.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=23 October 2023 |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref>

{{Weather box | width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Denov (1991–2020) | Jan high C = 10.3 | Feb high C = 12.6 | Mar high C = 18.7 | Apr high C = 24.9 | May high C = 30.3 | Jun high C = 35.7 | Jul high C = 37.3 | Aug high C = 35.5 | Sep high C = 31.4 | Oct high C = 25.3 | Nov high C = 17.7 | Dec high C = 12.2 | year high C = 24.3

| source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Uzbekistan/CSV/Denau_38829.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Denov |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 19, 2024}}</ref> }}

==Population== In 2011 the city population was 68,994 persons,<ref name="geob"/> and 78,300 in 2016.<ref name=shaharlar>{{cite book|url=http://e-library.namdu.uz/26%20%D0%95%D1%80%20%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%20%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F,%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0,%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)/shaharlar%20geografiyasi.%20soliyev%20a.s.%20tashtayeva%20s.k.pdf|title=Shaharlar geografiyasi|trans-title=Geography of cities|language=uz|author1=Soliyev, A.S.|page=145}}</ref> Denov is the second most populous city in [[Surxondaryo Region]] after [[Termez|Termiz]] and the 15th in Uzbekistan. It is among the largest districts of the [[Republic of Uzbekistan|Republic]].The city is mainly inhabited by [[Uzbeks]]. There is a large minority of [[Tajiks]], Sogutarosh (one of the groups of Tajik-speaking [[Romani people]]), [[Russians]], [[Tatars]], [[Koreans]], [[Uyghurs]] and representatives of other [[Nationality|nationalities]]. {{Historical populations |percentages=pagr |align=left |source=<ref name=bse>{{GSEn|023144|Денау}}</ref><ref>[http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php 1989 census USSR]</ref><ref name="ome" /><ref name="geob">[http://www.geoba.se/population.php?cc=UZ Uzbekistan], Geoba.se, retrieved 12 February 2022.</ref><ref name=shaharlar/> |1970|25000 |1989|46881 |2000|63000 |2011|68994 |2016|78300 }}

==Economy== Denov's economy revolves around cross-border trade with Tajikistan and [[agriculture]] from the surrounding [[hinterland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caravanistan.com/uzbekistan/south/denau/|title=Denau Travel Guide|website=Caravanistan|date=16 May 2021 }}</ref>

The [[climate]] in the valley is mild, and so the land around Denov is used successfully for producing [[wine]], as well as growing a variety of other agricultural plants. Cross border [[trade]] with Tajikistan is another important part of the local economy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Travel Guide to Denau (Denov)|url=https://caravanistan.com/uzbekistan/south/denau/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Caravanistan|language=en-US}}</ref>

The town has a [[cotton]] ginning, [[oil]] extraction, [[brick]], auto repair, and distillery plants, as well as an [[oil terminal]].<ref>«Современный толковый словарь»: изд. «Большая советская энциклопедия», 1997 год.</ref>

The only place in the former [[Soviet Union]] where [[sugarcane]] was grown and [[rum]] was produced. The city has the largest [[bazaar]] in Surxondaryo Region.

Developed service sector, including catering establishments, individual tailoring, shoe repair, etc.

An inter-district [[newspaper]] ''Chaganiyon'' is published in Denov. There is a local [[television station]].

There is a [[bus station]] with departure of buses around the district, to district centers of [[Surxondaryo Region]], to the nearest regional centers, including [[Tashkent]].

The [[station building]] is located on the line connecting the capital of [[Tajikistan]], [[Dushanbe]], with other cities, including [[Russia]].

And since February 2011 the Denov - Tashkent flight was opened, passing through the new [[railway track]] [[Qumqoʻrgʻon]] - [[Boysun]] - Tashguzar. There are 2 [[Hotel|hotels]], including "Hotel Eurasia".

Recently, tourists from different countries transit through Denov every year, traveling through Uzbekistan, continuing on their way to neighboring Tajikistan. The flow of transit tourists is growing every year.

== Main sites ==

=== Sayyid Atalik Madrasa === Dating from the 16th century, the [[Said Otaliq Madrasa|Sayyid Atalik Madrasa]] is one of the largest [[madrasa]]s in Central Asia. It was described a century later by the [[Balkh]] historian Mahmund ibn-Vali in his geographical encyclopedia.<ref name="orexca_atalik">{{Cite web|title=Madrassah Sayid Atalik: Historical monuments of Termez and the Surkandarya region|url=https://www.orexca.com/uzbekistan/termez/madrassah_sayid_atalik.htm|access-date=2020-10-29|website=www.orexca.com}}</ref> From this account we know that the madrasa was initially part of a larger architectural ensemble, but the other buildings have not survived.

In the centre of the madrassa is a large building on the north–south axis, and there are arches surrounding the courtyard. The niche in the [[Portal (architecture)|portal]] is unusual in that it is built on a semi-octahedron plan.<ref name="orexca_atalik"/> There are also a series of low [[Cupola|cupolas]] and some attractive ghanch decoration inside.

The Sayyid Atalik Madrasa operated as a religious school until 1935, when it was closed by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]]. It reopened briefly from 1991 to 1997, then closed for renovation.<ref name="orexca_atalik"/> It is now classed as a historic monument rather than a religious building, and it is therefore possible for the public (including non-Muslims) to visit.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Ibbotson|first=Sophie|title=Uzbekistan|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd|year=2020|isbn=9-781784-771089|location=United Kingdom|pages=195}}</ref>

=== R Shreder Dendrarium === Located just south of Denov's centre is the R Shreder Dendrarium, an [[arboretum]] housing more than 1,000 species of native and non-native plants.<ref name=":0" /> The plants were collected by scientists, and also received as gifts from official visitors. As well as common trees, herbs, and flowers indigenous to Uzbekistan, the non-native species grown here range from kauchuk ([[natural rubber]]) and [[bamboo]], to [[Sequoioideae|sequoia]] and a notable collection of [[Persimmon|persimmons]].

=== Fortress of Yurchi === Dating from the 10th century, the ruined Fortress of Yurchi is located 8 km from Denov on the road towards [[Termez]]. The fortress was made from mud bricks and once had an impressive tower, though not much now remains.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rickmers|first=W.R.|title=The Duab of Turkestan|publisher=The CUP Archive|year=2005|pages=466}}</ref>

=== Kalchayan === [[Khalchayan|Kalchayan]] was a [[Greco-Bactrian Kingdom|Graeco-Bactrian]] city, and it was first settled in the 4th century BC. It is 10 km northeast of the modern settlement of Denov and was excavated in the mid 20th century by Soviet archaeologist [[Galina Pugachenkova|Professor Galina Pugachenkova]]. Pugachenkova and her colleagues found large quantities of [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]]-era sculptures with lifelike features: the hairstyles, dress, and ethnic features of Kalchayan's ancient inhabitants are clearly depicted.<ref name=":0" /> These sculptures and other important archaeological finds from Kalchayan are on display at the [[Archaeological Museum of Termez|Termez Archaeological Museum]] and the State Fine Art Museum in [[Tashkent]].

=== Dalverzin Tepe === [[Dalverzin Tepe]] is a major archeological site between Denov and Termez. It was founded as a fortress in a Hellenistic style, and by the 1st century BC had grown into a substantial city. Dalverzin Tepe flourished under the [[Kushan Empire]], and some superb examples of [[Kushan art]] have been excavated from the site, including wall paintings, gold decorations, and statues.

There are also the remains of a Buddhist temple.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Turgunov|first=B.A.|date=1992|title=Excavations of a Buddhist Temple at Dal'verzin-tepe|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757029|journal=East and West|volume=42|issue=1|pages=131–153|jstor=29757029 |issn=0012-8376}}</ref>

==See also== *[[Surxondaryo Region]] *[[Uzbekistan]] *[[Denov District]] *[[Gissar Range|Hissar Range]] *[[Tajikistan]] *[[Khalchayan]] *[[Dalverzin Tepe]] *[[Said Otaliq Madrasa]]

==References== {{Commons category|Denov}} {{reflist}}

[[Category:Populated places in Surxondaryo Region]] [[Category:Cities in Uzbekistan]]