{{Short description|none}} <!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY "none" - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! --> [[File:Dancer, Tuvalu stage, 2011 Pasifika festival.jpg|thumb|A [[Tuvaluan New Zealander|Tuvaluan New Zealand]] dancer at Auckland's [[Pasifika Festival]]]] [[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[Population (human biology)|population]] of [[Tuvalu]] include the age structure, [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, [[life expectancy]], [[Religion in Tuvalu|religious affiliations]] and other aspects of the population.
==Summary== The population of Tuvalu is predominately of [[Polynesia]]n ethnicity with approximately 5.6% of the population being [[Micronesians|Micronesian]].<ref name="1C2012">{{cite web|title= Population of communities in Tuvalu| publisher=world-statistics.org|date =11 April 2012 |url=http://tuvalu.popgis.spc.int/#l=en;i=ethnic.t_tuvaluan;v=map1;sid=39;z=717733,9074628,48863,33709;sly=eas_32760_xy_def_DR | access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Tuvaluans are ethnically related to the people of [[Samoa]] and [[Tonga]]. There is evidence for a dual genetic origin of Pacific Islanders in [[Asia]] and [[Melanesia]], which results from an analysis of [[Y chromosome]] (NRY) and [[mitochondrial DNA]] (mtDNA) markers. There is also evidence of [[Fiji]] playing a pivotal role in west-to-east expansion within Polynesia.<ref name=ANT>{{cite web|title = Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific |work=Anthrocivitas.net|date = October 2009 | url=http://anthrocivitas.net/forum/showthread.php?t=5420| access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref> The pattern of settlement believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from the [[Samoa]]n Islands into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the [[Polynesian outliers|Polynesian Outlier communities]] in [[Melanesia]] and [[Micronesia]].<ref name="SSP">{{cite journal |author= Smith, S. Percy |title= The First Inhabitants of the Ellice Group |journal= Journal of the Pacific Society |volume= 6|year=1897 |pages=209–10}}</ref><ref name="Belwood2">{{cite book |last1= Bellwood|first1= Peter|title=The Polynesians – Prehistory of an Island People |year= 1987 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |pages=29 & 54}}</ref><ref name="Bayard">{{cite book |last1=Bayard|first1=D.T.|title=The Cultural Relationships of the Polynesian Outiers |year= 1976 |publisher=Otago University, Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology, Vol. 9}}</ref><ref name="Kirch">{{cite book |last1=Kirch|first1=P.V.|title=The Polynesian Outiers |year= 1984 |publisher=95 (4) Journal of Pacific History|pages=224–238 }}</ref>
The vast majority of Tuvaluans belong to the [[Church of Tuvalu]], a [[Protestant]] denomination. Their ancestors were converted by [[Christians|Christian]] missionaries in the 19th century.
Infant mortality in Tuvalu was 25 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2012, with an under-five mortality rate of 30 deaths per 1,000 live births. There has been a consistent decline in the under-five mortality rate since 1990.<ref name="AIDS16">{{cite web|title= Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu| publisher= Ministry of Health Tuvalu|date = 2016|url= http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf| access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>
School attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for [[Women in Tuvalu|females]] (2001).<ref name="CIA">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Tuvalu|date= 16 February 2022}}</ref> Adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002).<ref name="IMF 2010">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu: 2010 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24632.0|publisher= International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/46|date=8 February 2011|access-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
* Primary school enrollment (2006): 100%<ref name="SB2014">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14253.pdf|publisher= International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 14/253|page=18|date=5 August 2014|access-date=21 March 2016}}</ref> * Secondary school enrollment (2001): 79.5%<ref name="SB2014"/>
Life expectancy for [[women in Tuvalu]] is 68.41 years and 64.01 years for men (2015 est.).<ref name ="CIA"/>
The population of Tuvalu is recorded by the Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu in the census information:<ref name=CSD>{{cite web |url= http://www.spc.int/prism/country/tv/stats/Census%20%26%20Surveys/Census_index.htm |title= Census of Population and Housing and sample Surveys |year= 2006 |publisher= Central Statistics Division – Government of Tuvalu |access-date= 17 Oct 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110807224629/http://www.spc.int/prism/country/tv/stats/Census%20%26%20Surveys/Census_index.htm |archive-date= 7 August 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
The net migration rate is estimated at -6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.).<ref name ="CIA"/> The threat of [[global warming in Tuvalu]] is not a dominant motivation for migration as Tuvaluans appear to prefer to continue living on the islands for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity.<ref name="CMJB">{{cite journal |author= Colette Mortreux & Jon Barnett |url= http://web.env.auckland.ac.nz/courses/geog320/resources/pdf/climate/Mortreux%20and%20Barnett%202009.pdf |title= Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu |journal= Global Environmental Change |volume= 19 |year= 2009 |pages= 105–112 |doi= 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.006 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160131200403/http://web.env.auckland.ac.nz/courses/geog320/resources/pdf/climate/Mortreux%20and%20Barnett%202009.pdf |archive-date= 2016-01-31 }}</ref>
The Census Monograph on Migration, Urbanization and Youth provides an analysis of the 2012 census and reported:<ref name="CMMUY">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu Population and Housing Census 2012: Migration, Urbanisation and Youth Monograph|publisher= Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu/University of Auckland, New Zealand/United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)|date= 2015|url= http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319|access-date= 20 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160424090931/http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319|archive-date= 24 April 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref> * A total of 1,200 people were listed as being out of country on census night with more males (57%) than females (43%) absent. The high proportion in range of ages 15 to 29 years (37% of the total) is described as indicating the significance of overseas tertiary education and training.<ref name="CMMUY"/>
==Population== [[File:Children of Niutao Island.JPG|thumb| Children on [[Niutao]]]] {| class="wikitable" |- !1979 Census!! 1985 Census!! 1991 Census!! 2002 Census!! 2012 Census!! 2017 Census !! 2022 Census |- | 7,349<ref name="2C2012">{{cite web|title= Population of communities in Tuvalu| publisher=Thomas Brinkhoff|date =2020 |url= http://www.citypopulation.de/Tuvalu.html | access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref> || 8,229<ref name="2C2012"/> || 9,043<ref name="2C2012"/> || 9,359<ref name="2C2012"/>|| 10,640<ref name="2C2012"/> || 10,507<ref name="2C2012"/> || 10,632<ref name="2C2012"/> |} ===Structure of the population===
{{Hidden begin |title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 12.XI.2017) (Data of mini-census taken in 2017.): <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org}}</ref> |titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; }} {| class="wikitable" |- ! width="80pt"|Age group ! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80pt"|Female ! width="80pt"|Total ! width="80pt"|% |- | align="right" | Total | align="right" | 5 488 | align="right" | 5 157 | align="right" | 10 645 | align="right" | 100 |- | align="right" | 0–4 | align="right" | 625 | align="right" | 535 | align="right" | 1 160 | align="right" | 10.90 |- | align="right" | 5–9 | align="right" | 628 | align="right" | 577 | align="right" | 1 205 | align="right" | 11.32 |- | align="right" | 10–14 | align="right" | 541 | align="right" | 471 | align="right" | 1 012 | align="right" | 9.51 |- | align="right" | 15–19 | align="right" | 499 | align="right" | 454 | align="right" | 953 | align="right" | 8.95 |- | align="right" | 20–24 | align="right" | 482 | align="right" | 458 | align="right" | 940 | align="right" | 8.83 |- | align="right" | 25–29 | align="right" | 502 | align="right" | 421 | align="right" | 923 | align="right" | 8.67 |- | align="right" | 30–34 | align="right" | 407 | align="right" | 362 | align="right" | 769 | align="right" | 7.22 |- | align="right" | 35–39 | align="right" | 299 | align="right" | 280 | align="right" | 579 | align="right" | 5.44 |- | align="right" | 40–44 | align="right" | 242 | align="right" | 212 | align="right" | 454 | align="right" | 4.26 |- | align="right" | 45–49 | align="right" | 251 | align="right" | 227 | align="right" | 478 | align="right" | 4.49 |- | align="right" | 50–54 | align="right" | 314 | align="right" | 272 | align="right" | 586 | align="right" | 5.50 |- | align="right" | 55–59 | align="right" | 257 | align="right" | 322 | align="right" | 579 | align="right" | 5.44 |- | align="right" | 60–64 | align="right" | 198 | align="right" | 223 | align="right" | 421 | align="right" | 3.95 |- | align="right" | 65-69 | align="right" | 117 | align="right" | 155 | align="right" | 272 | align="right" | 2.56 |- | align="right" | 70-74 | align="right" | 64 | align="right" | 72 | align="right" | 136 | align="right" | 1.28 |- | align="right" | 75-79 | align="right" | 41 | align="right" | 58 | align="right" | 99 | align="right" | 0.93 |- | align="right" | 80-84 | align="right" | 16 | align="right" | 43 | align="right" | 59 | align="right" | 0.55 |- | align="right" | 85+ | align="right" | 5 | align="right" | 15 | align="right" | 20 | align="right" | 0.19 |- ! width="50"|Age group ! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80"|Female ! width="80"|Total ! width="50"|Percent |- | align="right" | 0–14 | align="right" | 1 794 | align="right" | 1 583 | align="right" | 3 377 | align="right" | 31.72 |- | align="right" | 15–64 | align="right" | 3 451 | align="right" | 3 231 | align="right" | 6 682 | align="right" | 62.77 |- | align="right" | 65+ | align="right" | 243 | align="right" | 343 | align="right" | 586 | align="right" | 5.50 |- |} {{Hidden end}}
[[File:Tuvalu Inaba-15.jpg|thumb|Children on a wharf at Funafuti lagoon]] [[File:Population Distribution of Tuvalu by Age Group (2014).png|thumb|Population Distribution of Tuvalu by Age Group (2014)]]
==Vital statistics== ===Registered births and deaths ===
{| class="wikitable" |- ! width="70"|Year<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stats.gov.tv/news/births-and-deaths-2018-2020/|title=Births and Deaths 2018-2020 | Tuvalu Central Statistics Division|date=18 July 2023 }}</ref> ! width="70"|Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.gov.tv/news/social-statistics-release/|title=Social Statistics Release|publisher=Tuvalu Central Statistics Division|date=27 March 2024}}</ref> ! width="70"|Live births ! width="70"|Deaths ! width="70"|Natural increase ! width="70"|Crude birth rate ! width="70"|Crude death rate ! width="70"|Rate of natural increase ! width="70"|TFR |- | align="right" | 2018 | align="right" | 10,574 | align="right" | 257 | align="right" | 87 | align="right" | 170 | align="right" | 24.3 | align="right" | 8.2 | align="right" | 16.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 3.449 |- | align="right" | 2019 | align="right" | 10,273 | align="right" | 256 | align="right" | 140 | align="right" | 116 | align="right" | 24.9 | align="right" | 13.6 | align="right" | 11.3 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 3.420 |- | align="right" | 2020 | align="right" | 10,204 | align="right" | 309 | align="right" | 136 | align="right" | 173 | align="right" | 30.3 | align="right" | 13.3 | align="right" | 17.0 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 4.204 |- | align="right" | 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.gov.tv/economics/balance-of-payment/updates-for-2021/|title=Updates for 2021|publisher=Tuvalu Central Statistics Division|access-date=4 June 2022}}</ref> | align="right" | 10,280 | align="right" | 279 | align="right" | 112 | align="right" | 167 | align="right" | 27.1 | align="right" | 10.9 | align="right" | 16.2 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 3.867 |- | align="right" | 2022 | align="right" | 10,597 | align="right" | 267 | align="right" | 86 | align="right" | 181 | align="right" | 25.2 | align="right" | 8.1 | align="right" | 17.1 | style="color: blue" align="right" | |- | align="right" | 2023 | align="right" | 10,099 | align="right" | 235 | align="right" | 128 | align="right" | 107 | align="right" | 23.3 | align="right" | 12.7 | align="right" | 10.6 | style="color: blue" align="right" | 3.302 |- | align="right" | 2024 | align="right" | 9,853 | align="right" | 223 | align="right" | 109 | align="right" | 114 | align="right" | 22.6 | align="right" | 11.1 | align="right" | 11.6 | style="color: blue" align="right" | |- |}
==Ethnic groups== From the 2022 census:<ref name="2022 religion">{{Cite web |url=https://stats.gov.tv/download/85/population-and-housing-census/1836/tuvalu_2022_census_report.pdf |title=Tuvalu 2022 Census on Population and Housing - Analytical report |publisher=Tuvalu Central Statistics Division |date=March 2025 |page=11}}</ref> *Tuvaluan 94% *Tuvaluan/[[Micronesians#Kiribati_people|I-Kiribati]] 4% *Tuvaluan/other 1% *Other 1% *Not stated <1%
==Languages== *[[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]] (official) *[[English language|English]] (official) *[[Samoan language|Samoan]] *[[Ikiribati language]] (on the island of Nui)
==Religion== * [[Church of Tuvalu]] 86% * [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] 2% * [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] 1% * all other faiths or denominations 10% * not stated 1%
==Migration== ===Emigration=== ====New Zealand==== The 2013 Census of [[New Zealand]] reported 3,537 Tuvaluans, an increase of 80% from the 1,965 reported in the 2001 census. In the 2013 census, only about 40% (1,419) had been born in Tuvalu. The high proportion of Tuvaluans who are New Zealand born illustrates the significance of New Zealand as a long term destination for Tuvaluan migrants.<ref name="CMMUY"/><ref name="SB">{{cite journal|author= Shen, S., & Binns, T. |title= Pathways, motivations and challenges: Contemporary Tuvaluan migration to New Zealand |journal= GeoJournal|volume=77 |issue=1|year=2012|pages=63–82|doi=10.1007/s10708-010-9386-2|s2cid= 153719793 }}</ref>
====Australia==== The Tuvaluan community in [[Australia]] is recorded in the 2011 Australian Census as 228 people who put Tuvaluan as their first response to a question on ‘ancestry’; of these 120 were born in Tuvalu.<ref name="CMMUY"/> The islands of [[Nanumea]], [[Nanumaga]], [[Nukufetau]] and [[Niutao]] had relatively high net migration losses, with most being internal migrants to [[Funafuti]]. [[Vaitupu]] had the largest net migration gain, although this is attributed to the location of [[Motufoua Secondary School]] on Vaitupu and the movement of students from the other islands.<ref name="CMMUY"/>
== See also == {{portal|Tuvalu|Oceania}} * [[Women in Tuvalu]] * [[History of Tuvalu]] * [[Religion in Tuvalu]] * [[Geography of Tuvalu]] * [[Princess Margaret Hospital (Funafuti)|Princess Margaret Hospital]]
==References== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110807224629/http://www.spc.int/prism/country/tv/stats/Census%20%26%20Surveys/Census_index.htm Central Statistics Division – Government of Tuvalu] *{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Tuvalu}}
{{reflist|30em}} {{Oceania topic|Demographics of}} {{Tuvalu topics}}
[[Category:Demographics of Tuvalu| ]] [[Category:Society of Tuvalu]]