De Notenkraker

{{short description|Dutch political and satirical weekly magazine}} {{Infobox magazine | title = De Notenkraker<br/>The Nutcracker | logo = | logo_size =  | image_file = Notenkraker10.jpg | image_size =  | image_alt = | image_caption = Cover with [[maypole]] | editor = A.M. de Jong | editor_title = Editor in Chief | previous_editor = | staff_writer = | photographer = | category = political satire | frequency = weekly | format = | circulation = {{circa}} 8,000 (1918) | publisher = The Workers Press | paid_circulation = | unpaid_circulation = | circulation_year = | total_circulation = | founder = | founded = {{start date and age|1902}}<br/>as ''Het Zondagsblad'' | firstdate = {{Start date and age|1907|01|05|df=y}} | finaldate = {{End date and age|1936|07|11|df=y}} | finalnumber = | company = | country = [[Netherlands]] | based = | language = Dutch | website =  | issn = | eissn = | oclc = }} [[File:Funke Kupper De Notenkraker 25 maart 1933.jpg|thumb|Cover by Albert Funke Küpper, March 25, 1933. ''Christian church service before Parliament session - first, out with the Jew"!'']] [[File:Notenkraker Advertentie.jpg|thumb|left|Advertisement for ''De Notenkraker'']] '''''De Notenkraker''''' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]]: "The Nutcracker") was a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] political and satirical weekly magazine published between 1907 and 1936.

In 1902, ''Het Zondagsblad'' appeared for the first time, as a Sunday supplement to the newspaper ''[[Het Volk (Netherlands)|Het Volk]]'' of the [[Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands)|Social Democratic Workers' Party]] (Dutch acronym: SDAP). In 1907, the supplement was renamed ''De Notenkraker''. Unlike ''Het Volk'', which contained mostly heavy political articles with few illustration, ''De Notenkraker'' featured many cartoons and other illustrations. Famous cartoonists from the early period of the periodical included Leendert Jordaan and [[Albert Hahn]], senior. Hahn drew cartoons critical of the [[Monarchy of the Netherlands|Dutch monarchy]] and [[Abraham Kuyper]], who was Prime Minister from 1901 to 1905 and the founder of the [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]].

Other contributors to ''De Notenkraker'' included [[Anton Kristians]] (pseudonym [[Toon Krias]]), and starting in 1920, the Belgian artist [[George Van Raemdonck]].

''Het Volk'' and ''De Notenkraker'' chiefly criticized the close relationship between the monarchy and the capitalist bourgeoisie. The monarchy was portrayed as a supporter of the ruling class, which did little to help the working classes.

As more socialist splinter groups appeared, such as the [[Communist Party of the Netherlands]] and the [[Independent Socialist Party (Netherlands)|Independent Socialist Party]], the periodicals also criticised groups on the left. By the beginning of World War 1 in 1914, many cartoons criticized militarism and war. Notably, Albert Hahn Sr. created powerful illustrations depicting the destruction caused by war. Hahn died before the end of the war in 1918. After that, ''De Notenkraker's'' quality went down noticeably, until the arrival of a new generation of illustrators in the 1930s.

At the end of 1918, ''De Notenkraker'' had about 8000 subscribers, compared to about 30,000 for ''Het Volk'' and almost 40,000 SDAP party members. A subscriptions to ''Het Volk'' at that time cost 0.20 [[Dutch guilder|guilders]] per week or 2.50 guilders (a [[Dutch rijksdaalder|rijksdaalder]]) per three months. A subscription including ''De Notenkraker'' cost 25 cents per week, or 3.50 guilders per three months, 4.15 guilders in the [[Dutch East Indies]].

In 1919, [[A.M. de Jong]] became editor of ''Het Volk'', and a year later he was made editor of art and serials as well. In 1922, he introduced as part of the paper, the massively popular illustrated series '[[Bulletje en Boonestaak]]'. He wrote the text himself and George Van Raemdonck illustrated them. A.M. de Jong was also editor of ''De Notenkraker'', for which he wrote the serial 'Het Verraad' ("Treason").

When [[Adolf Hitler]] became chancellor of Germany in 1933, German politics was dealt with on numerous covers and in numerous illustrations, and illustrated articles. Illustrators from this time included George Van Raemdonck, [[Tjerk Bottema]], [[Jan Rot (drawer)|Jan Rot]], [[Albert Hahn jr.]], [[Paul van Reen]] and [[Albert Funke Küpper]]. Funke Küpper became the driving force behind ''De Notenkraker'' starting in the 1920s. After his early death in 1934, the paper was discontinued; the last issue was in July 1936. After Funke Küpper's death other socialist publications became popular with more photographs such as ''Wij'' and the ''[[Omroepvereniging VARA|VARA]] Radio Guide''.

==References== * [http://lambiek.net/aanvang/notenkraker.htm Lambiek.net] * [http://www.jandegrootdigitaal.nl/portal/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=9&Itemid=38{{aut|Jan de Groot}}, ''‘De Notenkraker’, Korte schets van een ‘politiek-satyriek weekblad’, 1907-1936''. Groningen, 2006]{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Notenkraker}} [[Category:1907 establishments in the Netherlands]] [[Category:1936 disestablishments in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Defunct magazines published in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Defunct political magazines]] [[Category:Political magazines published in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Dutch-language magazines]] [[Category:Magazines established in 1907]] [[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1936]] [[Category:Socialist magazines]] [[Category:Satirical magazines published in the Netherlands]] [[Category:Newspaper supplements]]