{{short description|American historian}} {{Use American English|date=February 2026}} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Infobox person |name = David J. Saposs |image = David J. Saposs 1938.jpg |alt = |caption = Saposs {{circa}} 1938 |birth_name = David Joseph Saposs |birth_date = {{birth date|1886|02|22}} |birth_place = Kiev, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) |death_date = {{death date and age|1968|11|13|1886|02|22}} |death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. |other_names = |known_for = NLRB economist |occupation = Economist, historian, educator |father = Isaac Saposnik |mother = Shima Erevsky |spouse = Bertha Tigay }} '''David Joseph Saposs''' (February 22, 1886 – November 13, 1968) was a 20th-century American economist, labor historian, and civil servant, best known as chief economist of the National Labor Relations Board (1935–1940).<ref name=SapossPapers> {{cite web | title = David J. Saposs Papers, 1907-1968: Biography/History | work = New York Times | url = http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;cc=wiarchives;type=simple;rgn=Entire%20Finding%20Aid;q1=saposs;view=reslist;subview=standard;sort=freq;start=1;size=25;didno=uw-whs-mss00113;focusrgn=bioghist;byte=81496763 | page = 37 | date = 16 November 1968 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref>
==Background== [[File:John_R_Commons_001.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Saposs studied economics under labor economist John R. Commons at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.]] David Saposnik was born on February 22, 1886, in the city of Kyiv in the Russian Empire.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit"> {{cite news | title = David Saposs, 82, Labor Economist | newspaper = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/1968/11/16/archives/david-saposs-82-labor-economist-former-official-of-nlrb-dies-also-a.html | page = 37 | date = 16 November 1968 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="HUAC">''Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States,'' p. 3484.</ref> His parents were Isaac Saposnik, a peddler, and Shima Erevsky.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Betz">Betz and Carnes, ''American National Biography,'' p. 493.</ref> In 1895, the family emigrated to the United States and shortened their name to Saposs.<ref name="Betz" /> The Jewish family settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In 1900, he quit school after fifth grade<ref name=SapossPapers/> and worked in beer breweries (including the Blatz and Schlitz brewing companies<ref name=SapossPapers/>) in his teens to help support his family.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="HUAC" /><ref name="Jacobs">Jacobs, p. 141.</ref> In 1906, at the age of 20, he was elected shop steward for the local Brewery Workers' Union.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Betz" />
Although he lacked a high school diploma, Saposs was admitted in 1907 to the University of Wisconsin (UW).<ref name="Betz" /> He graduated in 1911,<ref name=SapossPapers/> and enrolled part-time in the graduate program at UW.<ref name="HUAC" /> He enrolled full-time beginning in 1913, and graduated with a Ph.D. in economics in 1915.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="HUAC" /> While in the doctoral program at Wisconsin, Saposs was a student of the nationally known labor economist John R. Commons<ref name=SapossPapers/> and a close friend of fellow student Selig Perlman (who later became a nationally known labor economist in his own right).<ref name="Jacobs" /><ref>Foner, p. 10; Weir, p. 147.</ref>
==Career== [[File:Cossacks_in_action_unprovoked_assault_upon_individual_during_the_Great_Steel_Strike_of_1919.jpg|thumb|left|Saposs covered the Steel strike of 1919 (here, mounted state police threatening to strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania)]] Saposs worked in a variety of positions over the next few years. He was an accident prevention investigator for the New York Department of Labor,<ref name=SapossPapers/> an investigator into the role immigrants played in American labor unions for the Carnegie Corporation,<ref name=SapossPapers/> investigated the Steel strike of 1919 on behalf of the Inter-Church World Movement Commission,<ref name=SapossPapers/> and served as Educational Director for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Betz" /><ref name="Fraser">Fraser and Gerstle, p. 81.</ref><ref name="Gross175">Gross, ''The Making of the National Labor Relations Board...'', p. 175.</ref>
In 1920, he became an economic consultant to the Labor Bureau, Inc. (founded by George Henry Soule Jr. along with Evans Clark and Alfred L. Bernheim) through 1922.<ref name=SapossPapers/>
In 1922, Saposs was appointed an instructor at Brookwood Labor College.<ref name=SapossPapers/> In 1924, he started post-graduate work in economics and labor history at Columbia University.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="HUAC" /><ref name="Gross175" /> At Columbia, he became close friends with William Morris Leiserson, later a colleague at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).<ref name="Jacobs" /> He ended his post-graduate work at Columbia after two years without obtaining an additional degree.<ref name="HUAC" /> Columbia University was embarking on a major study of socio-economic conditions in France, and asked Saposs to lead the study of labor conditions there. Saposs agreed to do so, and moved to France to conduct the study for the next two years.<ref name="Betz" /><ref>''Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States,'' p. 3486.</ref>
In 1934, Saposs became research director for the Twentieth Century Fund's newly founded labor unit and remained an associate there through 1945.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Jacobs" /><ref name="Fraser" /><ref name="Gross175" />
In 1935, Saposs became a research consultant to the United States Department of Labor (USDOL), for whom he wrote a report on company unions.<ref name=SapossPapers/>
===NLRB and other federal positions=== [[File:Howard_Worth_Smith.jpg|thumb|right|Saposs came under attack by the anti-union Democratic Representative Howard W. Smith (undated photo)]]
Later in 1935, Saposs joined the nascent National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). He quickly built a staff and began collecting information on the role labor unions played in interstate commerce and the social and economic impacts unions had.<ref name="Champlin57">Champlin and Knoedler, p. 57.</ref> The research conducted under Saposs' leadership proved critical to winning over the Supreme Court of the United States, which held in ''National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation'', 301 U.S. 1 (1938) that the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was constitutional.<ref name="Champlin57" /><ref>Gross, ''The Making of the National Labor Relations Board...'', p. 179.</ref> However, Saposs' tenure at the NLRB proved short. Although it had once supported the NLRA, the American Federation of Labor (AFL; which supported craft unionism) became convinced that the Board and its staff (including Saposs) were more supportive of the industrial unionism of its competitor, the Congress of Industrial Organizations. The AFL allied with anti-union Democratic Representative Howard W. Smith to attack the National Labor Relations Board. Saposs was a leader among anti-communist leftists.<ref name="Papa16">Papadimitriou, p. 16; Tvede, p. 205.</ref> He had even been surreptitiously assessed by members of the Communist Party USA for membership, and rejected as a prospect.<ref>Gross, ''The Making of the National Labor Relations Board...'', p. 220.</ref> He had also tried to expose those individuals at the Board who he felt were communists.<ref>Gross, ''The Reshaping of the National Labor Relations Board...'', p. 132, 215.</ref> But Smith and others attacked Saposs as a communist, and the United States Congress defunded his division and his job on October 11, 1940.<ref name="Obit" /><ref>Gross, ''The Reshaping of the National Labor Relations Board...'', p. 199, 202; Jacobs, p. 171-172; Champlin and Knoedler, p. 58.</ref>
===Other federal positions=== [[File:OCIAA-Nelson-Rockefeller.jpg|thumb|left|Saposs worked under Nelson Rockefeller (here, 1940)]] Later in 1940, Republican Nelson Rockefeller hired Saposs as a consultant on labor issues to him for the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs in the White House through 1942.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Betz" /><ref>Zamora, p. 74-75; ''Who Was Who in America, With World Notables,'' p. 501.</ref>
In 1945, Saposs became Chief of the Reports and Statistics Office in the Manpower Division of the Office of Military Government, United States, in post-World War II Germany.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Papa16" /><ref name="Betz494">Betz and Carnes, ''American National Biography,'' p. 494.</ref> He left that position after a year to become Special Assistant to the Commissioner of Labor Statistics in the United States Department of Labor.<ref name="Betz494" /> In 1936, he became Special Assistant to the Commission of Labor Statistics at USDOL.<ref name=SapossPapers/> In 1948, he became Special Advisor to the European Labor Division of the United States Economic Cooperation Administration.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Betz494" /> In 1952, he returned to Labor Statistics and retired from federal government service in 1954.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Betz494" />
===Academia again=== [[File:IllinoisIndustrialUniversity.jpg|thumb|right|Saposs taught at the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (now UIUC Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign (here, original University Hall)]] In 1954, Saposs became a senior research associate at the Littauer Center for Public Administration at Harvard University through 1956.<ref name=SapossPapers/> In 1955, he served the United States Department of State as lecturer on American and foreign labor issues at the Foreign Service Institute through 1963.<ref name=SapossPapers/> In 1957, he was a visiting professor for a year at the Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Betz494" /> In 1959, he was appointed Professor of American and International Labor in the School of International Service at American University in Washington, DC, and retired from there in 1965.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Betz494" /> While at American, he served as a lecturer on international labor at the Defense Intelligence School of the United States Department of Defense (1961–1964) and a senior specialist at the East–West Center of the University of Hawaii (1962–1964).<ref name=SapossPapers/>
==Personal life and death==
On July 3, 1917, Saposs married Bertha Tigay, a social worker; they had two daughters.<ref name=SapossPapers/><ref name="Obit" /><ref name="Betz" />
David Joseph Saposs died age 82 on November 13, 1968, at his home in Washington, D.C., from a stroke. His wife and two daughters survived him.<ref name="Obit" />
==Legacy==
The University of Wisconsin's archive assesses Saposs as follows: <blockquote> <small> Although Saposs was a militant liberal and an early critic of Communist intervention in the American labor union movement, the House Committee on Un-American Affairs accused him of being a red, and he was forced to resign from the NLRB. His work on the Board was an integral part of the New Deal's efforts to better the status of the American worker.<ref name=SapossPapers/> </small> </blockquote>
==Works== Between 1913 and 1968, Saposs published more than a dozen books and many more articles.<ref name=SapossPapers/>
;Books * ''History of Labour in the United States'' (1918)<ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | first2 = Helen Laura | last2 = Sumner | first3 = Edward Becker | last3 = Mittleman | first4 = Henry Elmer | last4 = Hoagland | first5 = John Bertram | last5 = Andrews | first6 = Selig | last6 = Perlman | authorlink6 = Selig Perlman | first7 = Don Divance | last7 = Lescohier | first8 = Elizabeth | last8 = Brandeis | first9 = Philip | last9 = Taft | contribution = introduction (Henry W. Farnam) | title = History of Labour in the United States | publisher = Macmillan | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VdHumqptmD4C | date = 1918 | isbn = 9781893122741 | accessdate = 10 November 2020}}</ref>
* ''History of Labour in the United States'' (1921)<ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | first2 = Helen Laura | last2 = Sumner | first3 = Edward Becker | last3 = Mittleman | first4 = Henry Elmer | last4 = Hoagland | first5 = John Bertram | last5 = Andrews | first6 = Selig | last6 = Perlman | authorlink6 = Selig Perlman | contribution = introduction (John Rogers Commons) | title = History of Labour in the United States | publisher = Macmillan | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IvSRXI159yMC | pages = 652 | date = 1921 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Left Wing Unionism'' (1926)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Left Wing Unionism: A Study of Radical Policies and Tactics | publisher = International Publishers | url = https://archive.org/details/leftwingunionism | date = 1926 | accessdate = 15 April 2021}}</ref> * ''Readings in Trade Unionism'' with Bertha Tigay Saposs (1926)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Readings in Trade Unionism: Labor Organization Principles and Problems as Discussed by Trade Unionists in Their Official Publications and Writings | publisher = George H. Doran | url = https://lccn.loc.gov/26026923 | date = 1926 | lccn = 26026923 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | first2 = Bertha Tigay | last2 = Saposs | title = Readings in Trade Unionism: Labor Organization Principles and Problems as Discussed by Trade Unionists in Their Official Publications and Writings | publisher = George H. Doran | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrPOwgEACAAJ | date = 1926 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Union Responsibility and Incorporation of Labor Unions'' (1938)<ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | title = Union Responsibility and Incorporation of Labor Unions | publisher = National Labor Relations Board, Technical Service Division | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZjpOuM4JycC | date = 1938 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Effective Collective Bargaining'' with Lyle Winston Cooper (1938)<ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | first2 = Lyle Winston | last2 = Cooper | title = Effective Collective Bargaining: Outline, Bibliography, and Statements from Authorities on the Role of the Written Trade Agreement | publisher = National Labor Relations Board, Technical Service Division | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PW_kJCU_4PAC | date = 1938 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Current Anti-labor Activities'' (1938)<ref> {{cite book | first1 = David Joseph | last1 = Saposs | authorlink1 = David J. Saposs | first2 = Lyle Winston | last2 = Cooper | title = Current Anti-labor Activities: Part of an Address Delivered Before the Hungry Club at Pittsburgh, Pa., April 11, 1938 | publisher = National Labor Relations Board | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EkcsyR5yc10C | date = 11 April 1938 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Effective Collective Bargaining'' (1940)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Effective Collective Bargaining: Rev. May 1940: Outline, Bibliography, and Statements from Authorities on the Role of the Written Trade Agreement | publisher = USGPO? | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4uFaAAAAYAAJ | date = 1940 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Labor Racketeering: Evolution and Solutions'' (1958)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Labor Racketeering: Evolution and Solutions | publisher = ??? | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_S_QAAAAMAAJ | date = 1958 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Communism in American Union'' (1959)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Communism in American Politics | publisher = McGraw Hill | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8-6AAAAIAAJ | date = 1959 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Communism in American Politics'' (1960)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Communism in American Politics | publisher = Public Affairs Press | url = https://lccn.loc.gov/26026923 | date = 1960 | lccn = 26026923 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Communism in American Politics | publisher = Public Affairs Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eAKaAAAAIAAJ | date = 1960 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Case Studies in Labor Ideology: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden'' (1964)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Case Studies in Labor Ideology;: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=D0qTzQEACAAJ | date = 1964 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Case Studies in Labor Ideology: Central European countries: Austria and Western Germany'' (1965)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Case Studies in Labor Ideology: Central European countries: Austria and Western Germany | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9kVBAAAAIAAJ | date = 1965 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * ''Case Studies in Labor Ideology'' (1971)<ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Case Studies in Labor Ideology | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | url = https://lccn.loc.gov/65063153 | date = 1971 | lccn = 65063153 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | first = David Joseph | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Case Studies in Labor Ideology | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QEftAAAAMAAJ | date = 1971 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref>
;Articles * "The Packers Break the Peace," ''Labor Age'' (1922)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = The Packers Break the Peace | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v19n10-Oct-1930-Labor-Age.pdf | pages = 9–11 | date = January 1922 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 | archive-date = 10 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201110000531/https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v19n10-Oct-1930-Labor-Age.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> * "The Line-up at Cincinnati," ''Labor Age'' (1922)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = The Line-up at Cincinnati | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v11n08-sept-1922-LA.pdf | pages = 18–20 | date = September 1922 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> * "Unionizing the 'Brain Worker'," ''Labor Age'' (1922)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Unionizing the "Brain Worker" | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v11n11-dec-1922-LA-.pdf | pages = 1–2 | date = December 1922 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 | archive-date = 9 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109180651/https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v11n11-dec-1922-LA-.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> * "In the Wake of the Big Strike," ''Labor Age'' (1923)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = In the Wake of the Big Strike | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v12n01-jan-1923-LA.pdf | pages = 6–8 | date = January 1923 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> * "The Need for a Labor Culture," ''Labor Age'' (1923)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = In the Wake of the Big Strike | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v28n11-Nov-1929-Labor%20Age.pdf | page = 19 | date = November 1929 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 | archive-date = 9 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201109170148/https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v28n11-Nov-1929-Labor%20Age.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> * "Cut the Racket," ''Labor Age'' (1930)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Cut the Racket | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v19n08-Aug-1930-Labor-Age.pdf | pages = 9–11 | date = August 1930 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> * "The Rise and Decline of the A.F. of L." in ''Labor Age'' (1930)<ref> {{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = The Rise and Decline of the A.F. of L. | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v19n10-Oct-1930-Labor-Age.pdf | pages = 7–9 | date = 1930 | accessdate = 9 November 2020}}</ref> * "Opposition in Socialist International," ''Labor Age'' (1931)<ref>{{cite journal | first = David J. | last = Saposs | authorlink = David J. Saposs | title = Opposition in Socialist International | journal = Labor Age | publisher = Labor Publications Society | url = https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v20n12-dec-1931-Labor%20Age.pdf | page = 22 | date = December 1931 | accessdate = 9 November 2020 | archive-date = 12 November 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201112184848/https://marxists.catbull.com/history/usa/pubs/laborage/v20n12-dec-1931-Labor%20Age.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== * [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives;cc=wiarchives;type=simple;rgn=Entire%20Finding%20Aid;q1=saposs;view=reslist;subview=standard;sort=freq;start=1;size=25;didno=uw-whs-mss00113 University of Wisconsin]: David J. Saposs Papers, 1907–1968
==Sources== *Betz, Paul R. and Carnes, Mark C. ''American National Biography.'' New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. *Champlin, Dell P. and Knoedler, Janet T. ''The Institutionalist Tradition in Labor Economics.'' Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. *"David Saposs, 82, Labor Economist." ''New York Times.'' November 16, 1968. *Foner, Philip S. ''History of the Labor Movement in the United States. Vol. 1: From Colonial Times to the Founding of the American Federation of Labor.'' New York: International Publishers, 1947. *Fraser, Steve and Gerstle, Gary. ''The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980.'' Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989. *Gross, James A. ''The Making of the National Labor Relations Board: A Study in Economics, Politics, and the Law, 1933–1937.'' Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1974. *Gross, James A. ''The Reshaping of the National Labor Relations Board: National Labor Policy in Transition, 1937–1947.'' Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1981. *''Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States.'' United States House of Representatives. Special Committee on Un-American Activities. 76th Congress, 3d sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1940. *Jacobs, Meg. ''Pocketbook Politics: Economic Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America.'' Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004. *Papadimitriou, Dimitri B. "Minsky on Himself." In ''Financial Conditions and Macroeconomic Performance: Essays in Honor of Hyman P. Minsky.'' Steven M. Fazzari and Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, eds. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1992. *Tvede, Lars. ''Business Cycles: From John Law to the Internet Crash.'' 2d ed. Florence, Ky.: Psychology Press, 2001. *Weir, Robert E. ''Class in America: An Encyclopedia.'' Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2007. *''Who Was Who in America, With World Notables.'' Chicago, Ill.: Marguis Who's Who, 1981. *Zamora, Emilio. ''Claiming Rights and Righting Wrongs in Texas: Mexican Workers and Job Politics During World War II.'' College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, 2009.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saposs, David J.}} Category:20th-century American historians Category:American male non-fiction writers Category:American Jews Category:Labor historians Category:Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States Category:Writers from Milwaukee Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni Category:National Labor Relations Board officials Category:American University faculty Category:1886 births Category:1968 deaths Category:Historians from Wisconsin Category:20th-century American male writers