David R. Liu

{{short description|American molecular biologist, biochemist, and organic chemist (born 1973)}} {{Infobox scientist | name = David R. Liu | native_name = 劉如謙 | image = DavidRLiu2012 (cropped).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Liu in 2012 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1973|6|12|mf=y}} | birth_place = {{no wrap|Riverside, California, U.S.}} | death_date =  | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates =  | fields = Organic chemistry Chemical biology Biochemistry | workplaces = Harvard University Broad Institute Wyss Institute Howard Hughes Medical Institute | alma_mater = | thesis_title = Expanding the {{no wrap|Scope of Protein}} Mutagenesis | thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/openview/5d4a5b06bba6e8f27e6b6bacde5aae5e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y | thesis_year = 1999 | doctoral_advisor = Peter G. Schultz | academic_advisors = Elias James Corey | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Base editing Prime editing Nucleic acid templated chemistry Directed evolution DNA-templated organic synthesis | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (2006) King Faisal Prize (2022) Gabbay Award (2024) Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences (2025) Harvey Prize (2025) | signature =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = | spouse = | module = {{Infobox Chinese |child=yes |t=劉如謙 |s=刘如谦 |p=Liú Rúqiān |w=Liu Ju-ch'ien |bpmf=ㄌㄧㄡˊㄖㄨˊㄑㄧㄢ}} | education = {{no wrap|Harvard University (BA)}} University of California, Berkeley (PhD) }}

'''David Ruchien Liu''' ({{Lang-zh|t=劉如謙|p=Liú Rúqiān}}; born 1973) is an American molecular biologist, biochemist, and organic chemist who is the Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences at Harvard University and the Richard Merkin Professor at the Broad Institute. He is known as the pioneer of multiple genetic engineering techniques, including base editing, prime editing, and DNA-templated organic synthesis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Weijie |last2=Zhao |first2=Kevin T. |date=May 2019 |title=An exciting time for genome editing: an interview with David R. Liu |journal=National Science Review |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=452–454 |doi=10.1093/nsr/nwy146 |issn=2053-714X |pmc=8291570 |pmid=34691894}}</ref>

Born to a Taiwanese American family, Liu graduated first in his class from Harvard College, where he studied chemistry and biology under Nobel Prize laureate Elias James Corey. After earning his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley, Liu became a professor at Harvard at age 26. He served as the university's John L. Loeb Professor of the Natural Sciences from 2003 to 2004 and as a Harvard College Professor from 2007 to 2010.

Liu is a principal investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the director of the Merkin Institute of Transformative Technologies in Healthcare at the Broad Institute. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Medicine, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2022, he was awarded the King Faisal Prize in Medicine for his contributions to gene editing. In 2025, he was awarded a Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for the development of base editing and prime editing, both fundamental gene-editing techniques.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-05 |title=Breakthrough Prize Announces 2025 Laureates in Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics, and Mathematics |url=https://breakthroughprize.org/News/91 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=breakthroughprize.org |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education== Liu was born to a Taiwanese American family in Riverside, California,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Ansede |first1=Manuel |last2=Pais |first2=El |date=March 29, 2023 |title=Meet our alumni: David Liu {{!}} College of Chemistry |url=https://chemistry.berkeley.edu/news/meet-our-alumni-david-liu |access-date=2025-01-08 |website= |publisher=University of California, Berkeley}}</ref> on June 12, 1973.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Professor David Ruchien Liu – King Faisal Prize |url=https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-david-ruchien-liu/ |access-date=2025-01-08 |publisher=King Faisal Prize |language=en-US}}</ref> Both of his parents immigrated to the United States from Taiwan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yang |first1=Sophia |date=December 19, 2017 |title=Taiwanese-American named scientist of the year |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3323881 |work=Taiwan News}}</ref> His father is an aerospace engineer and his mother is a retired physics professor at the University of California, Riverside.<ref name=goldsea/> As a child, Liu developed an interest in science after playing with insects in his backyard.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019 |title=David R. Liu: Chemical biologist |url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/david_liu |access-date=2025-01-08 |website= |publisher=TED Foundation |language=en}}</ref> He studied botany, entomology, and chemistry, often mixing household items to create improvised explosives.<ref name="shark" />

Liu was raised in Riverside and attended Riverside Polytechnic High School, where he graduated as class valedictorian in 1990.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Crawford |first=Ken |date=2025-05-05 |title=Riverside Native Receives $3 Million Breakthrough Prize for Gene Editing Revolution |url=https://www.raincrossgazette.com/riverside-native-receives-3-million-breakthrough-prize-for-gene-editing-revolution/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The Raincross Gazette |language=en}}</ref> While in high school, he took classes at the University of California, Riverside, and placed second in the national 1990 Westinghouse Science Talent Search<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Talent Search 1990 |url=https://www.societyforscience.org/regeneron-sts/science-talent-search-1990/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Society for Science |language=en-US}}</ref> for "using a computer to simulate how the brain processes visual information."<ref name=":2" /><ref name="goldsea" /> That same year, he won the California Junior Science & Humanities Symposium, which enabled him to attend the awards ceremony for the 1990 Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Stockholm.<ref name=":3" />

After high school, Liu attended Harvard University, where he excelled academically and graduated ''summa cum laude'' in 1994 with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in chemistry, ranked first out of the 1,641 students at Harvard College.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://chemistry.harvard.edu/people/david-r-liu|title=David R. Liu|website=chemistry.harvard.edu|access-date=2019-04-02}}</ref> He had originally intended to study physics but, after studying under chemistry professors Stuart Schreiber, Gregory Verdine, and Joseph Grabowski, focused on synthetic chemistry and biochemistry instead. Grabowski later recommended Liu to Nobel laureate Elias James Corey for a research position in Corey's laboratory to study oxidosqualene cyclases.<ref name="shark" />

As an undergraduate, Liu worked in Corey's synthetic chemistry laboratory and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.<ref name="goldsea">{{cite news|title=Asian American: David Liu Speeds Up Evolution of Therapeutic Proteins|url=http://goldsea.com/Text/index.php?id=10773|work=Goldsea Asian American Business: Asian Media Group|date=April 18, 2011}}</ref><ref name="shark">{{cite news |last1=Bradt |first1=Steve |date=2 June 2005 |title=Chemist, card shark Liu takes off |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/06/chemist-card-shark-liu-takes-off/ |work=The Harvard Gazette |publisher=Harvard University}}</ref> He was awarded Harvard's 1994 Thomas T. Hoopes Prize for an outstanding senior thesis titled, "Studies on 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase: A Synthetic and Molecular Biological Approach,"<ref name=":0" /> and shared the prize with Corey, who described the thesis as being "absolutely word perfect"<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Ledford |first=Heidi |date=December 2017 |title=David Liu: Gene corrector {{!}} Nature's 10 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-07763-y |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=Nature |language=en}}</ref> and “equivalent to a Ph.D. thesis.”<ref name=":3" /> Liu also won Harvard's Sophia Freund Prize for having its highest grade point average (GPA) and its Detur Prize for outstanding scholarship.<ref name="CV" />

After graduating from Harvard, Liu received a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and a fellowship from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to pursue doctoral studies at the University of California, Berkeley. In his third year at Berkeley, he was influenced by Gerald Joyce to develop protein evolution techniques.<ref name=":2" /> He earned his Ph.D. from Berkeley in organic chemistry in 1999 under chemist Peter G. Schultz.<ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=CV |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iqy_D5y446wfcv7L-g1qINY7afn7dH6W/view |access-date=8 June 2021 |website=Google Docs}}</ref> His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Expanding the scope of protein mutagenesis."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liu |first=David Ruchien |date=1999 |title=Expanding the scope of protein mutagenesis |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5d4a5b06bba6e8f27e6b6bacde5aae5e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y |access-date=2025-06-09 |website= |publisher=University Microfilms International |language=en |type=PhD Thesis}}</ref>

==Academic career== While still in his fourth year of doctoral studies at Berkeley, Liu was invited by Corey to deliver a seminar at Harvard. According to ''Nature'', "members of the chemistry faculty there were so impressed that they offered him a job as soon as he got his PhD".<ref name=":4" /> Skipping a postdoctoral fellowship,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davies |first=Kevin |date=2021-03-24 |title=Feel That Base: An Interview with Base Editing Pioneer David Liu |url=https://www.genengnews.com/topics/genome-editing/feel-that-base-an-interview-with-base-editing-pioneer-david-liu/ |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert (Sage Publishing) |language=en-US}}</ref> Liu was appointed an assistant professor of chemistry and chemical biology at Harvard at only age 26.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Cross |first=Ryan |date=April 16, 2018 |title=Inventor, chemist, and CRISPR craftsman: Inside David Liu's evolution workshop |url=https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/biotechnology/Inventor-chemist-CRISPR-craftsman-Inside/96/i16 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=Chemical & Engineering News |language=en}}</ref> He was promoted to an associate professor in 2003 and to a full professor in 2005. Liu also became a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator<ref>{{cite web|title=David R. Liu, PhD Bio|url=http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/liu_bio.html|publisher=HHMI|access-date=29 December 2017|archive-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218154026/http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/liu_bio.html|url-status=dead}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/913987480 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/909496245 cite #5 – verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. User:GreenC bot/Job 18}}</ref> in 2005 and joined the JASONs, an elite group of academic science advisors to the U.S. government, in 2009. He was honored as a Harvard College Professor in 2007, in part for his undergraduate teaching. His introductory life sciences course, beginning in 2005, became Harvard's largest natural sciences course.<ref>Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/890664594 by a bug in VisualEditor and later identified by a bot. The original cite can be found at Special:Permalink/887633317 (or in a rev close to it) in either cite #6 or cite #2 – find and verify the cite and replace this template with it (1). User:GreenC bot/Job 18}}</ref>

In 2017 and 2019, he was named to the ''Nature''’s 10 researchers in world and to the ''Foreign Policy'' Leading Global Thinkers.<ref name="David R. Liu">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-22 |title=David R. Liu |url=https://liugroup.us/david-r-liu/ |access-date=2019-04-02 |website=Liu Group}}</ref> In April 2019, Liu delivered a TED talk on base editing in Vancouver at TED2019, resulting in a standing ovation from the live audience.<ref>{{Citation|last=Liu|first=David R.|title=Can we cure genetic diseases by rewriting DNA?|date=23 April 2019 |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/david_r_liu_can_we_cure_genetic_diseases_by_rewriting_dna|language=en|access-date=2019-04-25}}</ref> In 2019, prime editing was named as one of ''Nature's'' 10 remarkable papers from 2019 and one of ''The Scientist's'' top technical advances. In 2020, Liu earned the American Chemical Society David Perlman Award and the American Chemical Society ''ACS Chemical Biology'' Lectureship Award, was elected to the National Academy of Science (NAS),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/2021-nas-election.html|title=News from the National Academy of Sciences|date=April 26, 2021|access-date=July 4, 2021|quote=Newly elected members and their affiliations at the time of election are: … Liu, David R.; investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute; and Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences, department of chemistry and chemical biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.}}, entry in member directory:{{Cite web|url=https://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20050855.html|title=Member Directory|access-date=July 4, 2021|publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> the National Academy of Medicine (NAM) and was named as a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Liu was also awarded the 2025 Foundation for the National Institutes of [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/liu-wins-nih-foundation-prize-for-gene-editing-discoveries/#:~:text=The%20Montrone%2DSeigel%20Prize%20recognizes,the%20FNIH%20Board%20of%20Directors. Health Montrone-Seigel Prize in Biomedical Sciences] (successor of the Lurie Prize), and the 2026 [https://www.acs.org/funding/awards/acs-award-for-creative-invention.html American Chemical Society Award for Creative Invention].

==Awards== * 2006 – ACS Award in Pure Chemistry * 2020 – National Academy of Medicine * 2020 – American Association for the Advancement of Science * 2021 – National Academy of Sciences * 2022 – King Faisal Prize<ref>[https://kingfaisalprize.org/professor-david-ruchien-liu/ King Faisal Prize 2022]</ref> * 2024 – Gabbay Award<ref>[https://www.brandeis.edu/stories/2024/august/2024-gabbay-award.html Gabbay Award 2024]</ref> * 2025 – Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences<ref>[https://breakthroughprize.org/Laureates/2/L3978 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences 2025]</ref> * 2025 – Harvey Prize<ref>[https://www.technion.ac.il/en/blog/article/the-technion-will-award-the-prestigious-harvey-prize-to-two-american-scientists-who-have-made-groundbreaking-advances-in-nanotechnology-and-medicine/ Harvey Prize 2025]</ref><ref>[https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/newsplus/david-liu-receives-harvey-prize/ Harvey Prize 2025]</ref>

==Research== Liu's research group pioneered base editing,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Komor|first1=Alexis C.|last2=Kim|first2=Yongjoo B.|last3=Packer|first3=Michael S.|last4=Zuris|first4=John A.|last5=Liu|first5=David R.|date=May 2016|title=Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage|journal=Nature|volume=533|issue=7603|pages=420–424|doi=10.1038/nature17946|issn=1476-4687|pmc=4873371|pmid=27096365|bibcode=2016Natur.533..420K}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gaudelli|first1=Nicole M.|last2=Komor|first2=Alexis C.|last3=Rees|first3=Holly A.|last4=Packer|first4=Michael S.|last5=Badran|first5=Ahmed H.|last6=Bryson|first6=David I.|last7=Liu|first7=David R.|date=November 2017|title=Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage|journal=Nature|volume=551|issue=7681|pages=464–471|doi=10.1038/nature24644|issn=1476-4687|pmc=5726555|pmid=29160308|bibcode=2017Natur.551..464G}}</ref> a new method of genome editing that enables the direct and precise conversion of a single base to another base in the genome of living cells, without making DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) that lead to complex mixtures of insertions, deletions, and DNA rearrangements. Liu's research group also pioneered prime editing, a versatile genome editing method that can install all possible base-to-base conversions, insertions, deletions, and combinations in mammalian cells without requiring double-strand DNA breaks or donor DNA templates.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anzalone|first1=Andrew V.|last2=Randolph|first2=Peyton B.|last3=Davis|first3=Jessie R.|last4=Sousa|first4=Alexander A.|last5=Koblan|first5=Luke W.|last6=Levy|first6=Jonathan M.|last7=Chen|first7=Peter J.|last8=Wilson|first8=Christopher|last9=Newby|first9=Gregory A.|last10=Raguram|first10=Aditya|last11=Liu|first11=David R.|date=2019-10-21|title=Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA|journal=Nature|language=en|pages=149–157|doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4|pmid=31634902|issn=1476-4687|volume=576|issue=7785|pmc=6907074|bibcode=2019Natur.576..149A}}</ref> In 2025, Liu's team, in collaboration with the Sternberg Lab, reported a laboratory-evolved CRISPR-associated transposase for gene integration in human cells with high efficiency.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Witte |first1=Isaac P. |last2=Lampe |first2=George D. |last3=Eitzinger |first3=Simon |last4=Miller |first4=Shannon M. |last5=Berríos |first5=Kiara N. |last6=McElroy |first6=Amber N. |last7=King |first7=Rebeca T. |last8=Stringham |first8=Olivia G. |last9=Gelsinger |first9=Diego R. |last10=Vo |first10=Phuc Leo H. |last11=Chen |first11=Albert T. |last12=Tolar |first12=Jakub |last13=Osborn |first13=Mark J. |last14=Sternberg |first14=Samuel H. |last15=Liu |first15=David R. |date=2025-05-15 |title=Programmable gene insertion in human cells with a laboratory-evolved CRISPR-associated transposase |journal=Science |volume=388 |issue=6748 |article-number=eadt5199 |doi=10.1126/science.adt5199|pmid=40373119 |bibcode=2025Sci...388T5199W |doi-access=free |pmc=12326709 }}</ref> This work complements other transposon-based methods from the Abudayyeh-Gootenberg Lab and Metagenomi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dolgin |first=Elie |date=2025-05-15 |title=Powerful CRISPR system inserts whole gene into human DNA |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01518-w |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-025-01518-w |pmid=40379954 |issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Liu's lab has also worked on DNA-Templated Synthesis (DTS), generating some of the first examples of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs), now commonly used in drug discovery efforts in academia and in pharmaceutical companies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Matthew A |last2=Acharya |first2=Raksha A |last3=Arico-Muendel |first3=Christopher C |last4=Belyanskaya |first4=Svetlana L |last5=Benjamin |first5=Dennis R |last6=Carlson |first6=Neil R |last7=Centrella |first7=Paolo A |last8=Chiu |first8=Cynthia H |last9=Creaser |first9=Steffen P |last10=Cuozzo |first10=John W |last11=Davie |first11=Christopher P |last12=Ding |first12=Yun |last13=Franklin |first13=G Joseph |last14=Franzen |first14=Kurt D |last15=Gefter |first15=Malcolm L |last16=Hale |first16=Steven P |last17=Hansen |first17=Nils J V |last18=Israel |first18=David I |last19=Jiang |first19=Jinwei |last20=Kavarana |first20=Malcolm J |last21=Kelley |first21=Michael S |last22=Kollmann |first22=Christopher S |last23=Li |first23=Fan |last24=Lind |first24=Kenneth |last25=Mataruse |first25=Sibongile |last26=Medeiros |first26=Patricia F |last27=Messer |first27=Jeffrey A |last28=Myers |first28=Paul |last29=O'Keefe |first29=Heather |last30=Oliff |first30=Matthew C |last31=Rise |first31=Cecil E |last32=Satz |first32=Alexander L |last33=Skinner |first33=Steven R |last34=Svendsen |first34=Jennifer L |last35=Tang |first35=Lujia |last36=van Vloten |first36=Kurt |last37=Wagner |first37=Richard W |last38=Yao |first38=Gang |last39=Zhao |first39=Baoguang |last40=Morgan |first40=Barry A |title=Design, synthesis and selection of DNA-encoded small-molecule libraries |journal=Nature Chemical Biology |date=September 2009 |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=647–654 |doi=10.1038/nchembio.211 |pmid=19648931}}</ref> His lab also developed phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE),<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dickinson|first1=Bryan C.|last2=Leconte|first2=Aaron M.|last3=Allen|first3=Benjamin|last4=Esvelt|first4=Kevin M.|last5=Liu|first5=David R.|date=2013-05-28|title=Experimental interrogation of the path dependence and stochasticity of protein evolution using phage-assisted continuous evolution|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=110|issue=22|pages=9007–9012|doi=10.1073/pnas.1220670110|issn=0027-8424|pmid=23674678|pmc=3670371|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.9007D|doi-access=free}}</ref> a technique that uses the short 10-minute lifespan of M13 bacteriophage to achieve the rapid evolution of useful proteins. The lab has used PACE and its directed evolution efforts to generate new genome editing tools that allow for expanded DNA accessibility and DNA base conversions.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rees|first1=Holly A.|last2=Liu|first2=David R.|date=December 2018|title=Base editing: precision chemistry on the genome and transcriptome of living cells|journal=Nature Reviews Genetics|volume=19|issue=12|pages=770–788|doi=10.1038/s41576-018-0059-1|issn=1471-0064|pmc=6535181|pmid=30323312}}</ref> He has published over 275 peer-reviewed publications and his H-index is ≥170 according to Google Scholar.<ref>{{cite web |title=David R. Liu |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=nxb5xhMAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao |website=Google Scholar |access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>

==Commercial activity== Liu co-founded Editas Medicine (genome editing with CRISPR nucleases for human therapeutics), [https://www.pairwise.com/ Pairwise Plants] (genome editing for agriculture), Beam Therapeutics (base editing for human therapeutics), [https://exo-therapeutics.com/ Exo Therapeutics] (novel small-molecule drug discovery), [https://www.massbio.org/members/resonance-medicine/ Resonance Medicine] (novel enzymatic solutions for unmet challenges in medicine), and [https://www.nchromabio.com/ nChroma Bio] (novel gene editing delivery technologies and genomic medicines that harness epigenetics). He is the scientific founder of Prime Medicine (prime editing for human therapeutics).

Liu also founded [https://www.flagshippioneering.com/companies/permeon-biologics Permeon Biologics] and [https://www.flagshippioneering.com/companies/ensemble-therapeutics Ensemble Therapeutics]. Permeon Biologics was founded in 2011 by Liu and Flagship Ventures to develop a class of proteins to enable the transport of large molecules such as antibodies into cells to facilitate development of "intrabody" therapeutics and ceased its operations in 2015.<ref name="wsj">Brian Gormley, [https://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2011/03/17/flagship-ventures-hatches-two-more-health-care-companies/ "Flagship Ventures Hatches Two More Health-Care Companies"], The Wall Street Journal (March 17, 2011)</ref> Ensemble Therapeutics was founded in 2004 with funding from Flagship Ventures to develop Liu's work on macrocycles; the company raised about $40M and struck several pharmaceutical partnerships, but was shut down in 2017 before any of its lead compounds had reached the market.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Keown|first1=Alex|date=November 22, 2017|title=Cambridge's Ensemble Therapeutics Quietly Shuts Down After 13 Years|work=BioSpace|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/unique-cambridge-s-ensemble-therapeutics-quietly-shuts-down-after-13-years/}}</ref>

==Personal life== Liu was the lead tester of Naughty Dog's 1994 video game ''Way of the Warrior'',<ref name="Greatness">{{cite web |last=Moriarty |first=Colin |date=October 4, 2013 |title=Rising to Greatness: The History of Naughty Dog |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/10/04/rising-to-greatness-the-history-of-naughty-dog |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126015810/http://www.ign.com/articles/2013/10/04/rising-to-greatness-the-history-of-naughty-dog |archive-date=November 26, 2013 |access-date=December 31, 2013 |work=IGN |publisher=Ziff Davis}}</ref> for which he also provided the voice of the character Chin "The Dragon" Liu.<ref>{{cite book |author=Universal Interactive Studios staff |url=https://archive.org/details/Way_of_the_Warrior_1994_Universal_Interactive_Studios_US/mode/2up |title=Way of the Warrior instruction manual |publisher=Universal Interactive Studios |year=1994 |pages=22–23}}</ref> He was known to be a prolific professional ''Street Fighter II'' player, with Naughty Dog co-founder Andy Gavin saying that "He was one of those savant guys at ''Street Fighter'' who's just insanely good".<ref name="Greatness" />

Liu gives away his entire salary to the students and biomedical researchers in his laboratory every Thanksgiving.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkins |first=Joe |date=2025-04-10 |title=Harvard Professor Quietly Gives His Lab Workers His Entire Salary Every Year |url=https://futurism.com/harvard-professor-gives-lab-workers-salary |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Futurism}}</ref> He met his wife, Julie Liu, while attending the University of California, Berkeley.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2005/06/chemist-card-shark-liu-takes-off/ | title=Chemist, card shark Liu takes off | date=2 June 2005 }}</ref>

==Selected papers== *{{cite journal | pmc = 2820563 | pmid=11448217 | volume=123 | issue=28 | title=The generality of DNA-templated synthesis as a basis for evolving non-natural small molecules | date=July 2001 | journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc. | pages=6961–3 | last1 = Gartner | first1 = ZJ | last2 = Liu | first2 = DR | doi=10.1021/ja015873n| bibcode=2001JAChS.123.6961G }} *{{cite journal | pmc = 2814052 | pmid=15457254 | doi=10.1038/nature02920 | volume=431 | issue=7008 | title=Reaction discovery enabled by DNA-templated synthesis and in vitro selection | year=2004 | journal=Nature | pages=545–9 | last1 = Kanan | first1 = MW | last2 = Rozenman | first2 = MM | last3 = Sakurai | first3 = K | last4 = Snyder | first4 = TM | last5 = Liu | first5 = DR| bibcode=2004Natur.431..545K }} *{{cite journal | pmc = 2814051 | pmid=15319493 | doi=10.1126/science.1102629 | volume=305 | issue=5690 | title=DNA-templated organic synthesis and selection of a library of macrocycles | date=September 2004 | journal=Science | pages=1601–5 | last1 = Gartner | first1 = ZJ | last2 = Tse | first2 = BN | last3 = Grubina | first3 = R | last4 = Doyon | first4 = JB | last5 = Snyder | first5 = TM | last6 = Liu | first6 = DR| bibcode=2004Sci...305.1601G }} *{{cite journal | pmc = 3307835 | pmid=22344177 | doi=10.1038/nchembio.792 | volume=8 | issue=4 | title=Highly specific, bisubstrate-competitive Src inhibitors from DNA-templated macrocycles | year=2012 | journal= Nature Chemical Biology| pages=366–74 | last1 = Georghiou | first1 = G | last2 = Kleiner | first2 = RE | last3 = Pulkoski-Gross | first3 = M | last4 = Liu | first4 = DR | last5 = Seeliger | first5 = MA}} *{{cite journal | pmc = 2924640 | pmid=20545362 | doi=10.1021/cb1001153 | volume=5 | issue=8 | title=Potent delivery of functional proteins into Mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo using a supercharged protein | year=2010 | journal=ACS Chem. Biol. | pages=747–52 | last1 = Cronican | first1 = JJ | last2 = Thompson | first2 = DB | last3 = Beier | first3 = KT | last4 = McNaughton | first4 = BR | last5 = Cepko | first5 = CL | last6 = Liu | first6 = DR}} *{{cite journal|last1=Komor|first1=AC|last2=Kim|first2=YB|last3=Packer|first3=MS|last4=Zuris|first4=JA|last5=Liu|first5=DR|title=Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage.|journal=Nature|date=19 May 2016|volume=533|issue=7603|pages=420–4|doi=10.1038/nature17946|pmid=27096365|pmc=4873371|bibcode=2016Natur.533..420K}} *{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=YB|last2=Komor|first2=AC|last3=Levy|first3=JM|last4=Packer|first4=MS|last5=Zhao|first5=KT|last6=Liu|first6=DR|title=Increasing the genome-targeting scope and precision of base editing with engineered Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusions.|journal=Nature Biotechnology|date=April 2017|volume=35|issue=4|pages=371–376|doi=10.1038/nbt.3803|pmid=28191901|pmc=5388574}} *{{cite journal|last1=Gaudelli|first1=NM|last2=Komor|first2=AC|last3=Rees|first3=HA|last4=Packer|first4=MS|last5=Badran|first5=AH|last6=Bryson|first6=DI|last7=Liu|first7=DR|title=Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage.|journal=Nature|date=23 November 2017|volume=551|issue=7681|pages=464–471|doi=10.1038/nature24644|pmid=29160308|pmc=5726555|bibcode=2017Natur.551..464G}} *{{cite journal | last1 = Lawrence | first1 = M. S. | last2 = Phillips | first2 = K. J. | last3 = Liu | first3 = D. R. | year = 2007| title = Supercharging Proteins Can Impart Extraordinary Resilience | journal = J. Am. Chem. Soc. | volume = 129 | issue = 33 | pages = 10110–10112 | pmid = 17665911 | doi = 10.1021/ja071641y | pmc = 2820565 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = McNaughton | first1 = B. R. | last2 = Cronican | first2 = J. J. | last3 = Liu | first3 = D. R. | year = 2009| title = Mammalian Cell Penetration, siRNA Transfection, and DNA Transfection by Supercharged Proteins | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | volume = 106 | issue = 15 | pages = 6111–6116 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0807883106 | pmc = 2659711 | pmid = 19307578 | bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.6111M | doi-access = free }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Esvelt | first1 = K. M. | last2 = Carlson | first2 = J. C. | last3 = Liu | first3 = D. R. | year = 2011| title = A System for the Continuous Directed Evolution of Biomolecules | journal = Nature | volume = 472 | issue = 7344 | pages = 499–503 | pmid = 21478873 | doi = 10.1038/nature09929 | pmc = 3084352 | bibcode = 2011Natur.472..499E }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Dickinson | first1 = B. C. | last2 = Leconte | first2 = A. M. | last3 = Allen | first3 = B. | last4 = Esvelt | first4 = K. M. | last5 = Liu | first5 = D. R. | year = 2013| title = Experimental Interrogation of the Path Dependence and Stochasticity of Protein Evolution Using Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA | volume = 110 | issue = 22 | pages = 9007–9012 | pmc = 3670371 | pmid = 23674678 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1220670110 | bibcode = 2013PNAS..110.9007D | doi-access = free }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Maianti | first1 = J. P. | last2 = McFedries | first2 = A. | last3 = Foda | first3 = Z. H. | last4 = Kleiner | first4 = R. E. | last5 = Du | first5 = X.-Q. | last6 = Leissring | first6 = M. A. | last7 = Tang | first7 = W.-J. | last8 = Charron | first8 = M. J. | last9 = Seeliger | first9 = M. A. | last10 = Saghatelian | first10 = A. | last11 = Liu | first11 = D. R. | year = 2014| title = Anti-Diabetic Activity of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitors Mediated by Multiple Hormones | journal = Nature | volume = 511 | issue = 7507 | pages = 94–98 | pmc = 4142213 | pmid = 24847884 | doi = 10.1038/nature13297 | bibcode = 2014Natur.511...94M }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Zuris | first1 = J. A. | last2 = Thompson | first2 = D. B. | last3 = Shu | first3 = Y. | last4 = Guilinger | first4 = J. P. | last5 = Bessen | first5 = J. L. | last6 = Hu | first6 = J. H. | last7 = Maeder | first7 = M. L. | last8 = Joung | first8 = J. K. | last9 = Chen | first9 = Z.-Y. | last10 = Liu | first10 = D. R. | year = 2015| title = Cationic Lipid-Mediated Delivery of Proteins Enables Efficient Protein-Based Genome Editing ''In Vitro'' and ''In Vivo'' | journal = Nat. Biotechnol. | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 73–80 | pmc = 4289409 | pmid = 25357182 | doi = 10.1038/nbt.3081 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Badran | first1 = A. H. | last2 = Guzov | first2 = V. M. | last3 = Huai | first3 = Q. | last4 = Kemp | first4 = M. M. | last5 = Vishwanath | first5 = P. | last6 = Kain | first6 = W. | last7 = Evdokimov | first7 = A. | last8 = Moshiri | first8 = F. | last9 = Turner | first9 = K. H. | last10 = Wang | first10 = P. | last11 = Malvar | first11 = T. | last12 = Liu | first12 = D. R. | year = 2016| title = Continuous Evolution of ''B. thuringiensis'' Toxins Overcomes Insect Resistance | journal = Nature | volume = 533 | issue = 7601 | pages = 58–63 | pmid = 27120167 | doi = 10.1038/nature17938 | pmc = 4865400 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Gao | first1 = X. | last2 = Lamas | first2 = V. | last3 = Huang | first3 = M. | last4 = Yeh | first4 = W.-H. | last5 = Pan | first5 = B. | last6 = Hu | first6 = Y.-J. | last7 = Hu | first7 = J. H. | last8 = Thompson | first8 = D. B. | last9 = Shu | first9 = Y. | last10 = Li | first10 = Y. | last11 = Wang | first11 = H. | last12 = Yang | first12 = S. | last13 = Xu | first13 = Q. | last14 = Polley | first14 = D. B. | last15 = Liberman | first15 = M. C. | last16 = Kong | first16 = W.-J. | last17 = Holt | first17 = J. R. | last18 = Chen | first18 = Z.-Y. | last19 = Liu | first19 = D. R. | year = 2018| title = Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents| journal = Nature| volume = 553| issue = 7687 | pages = 217–221 | pmc = 5784267 | pmid = 29258297 | doi = 10.1038/nature25164 | bibcode = 2018Natur.553..217G }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Tang | first1 = W | last2 = Liu | first2 = D.R. | year = 2018| title = Rewritable multi-event analog recording in bacterial and mammalian cells | journal = Science | volume = 360| issue = 6385 | article-number = eaap8992| pmc = 5898985 | pmid = 29449507 | doi = 10.1126/science.aap8992 }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Hu | first1 = J. H. | last2 = Miller | first2 = S. M. | last3 = Geurts | first3 = M. H. | last4 = Tang | first4 = W. | last5 = Chen | first5 = L. | last6 = Sun | first6 = N. | last7 = Zeina | first7 = C. | last8 = Gao | first8 = X. | last9 = Rees | first9 = H. A. | last10 = Lin | first10 = Z. | last11 = Liu | first11 = D. R. | year = 2018| title = Evolved Cas9 Variants with Broad PAM Compatibility and High DNA Specificity | journal = Nature | volume = 556 | issue = 7699 | pages = 57–63 | pmc = 5951633 | pmid = 29512652 | doi = 10.1038/nature26155 | bibcode = 2018Natur.556...57H }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Maianti | first1 = J. P. | last2 = McFedries | first2 = A. | last3 = Foda | first3 = Z. H. | last4 = Kleiner | first4 = R. E. | last5 = Du | first5 = X.-Q. | last6 = Leissring | first6 = M. A. | last7 = Tang | first7 = W.-J. | last8 = Charron | first8 = M. J. | last9 = Seeliger | first9 = M. A. | last10 = Saghatelian | first10 = A. | last11 = Liu | first11 = D. R. | year = 2014 | title = Anti-diabetic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitors mediated by multiple hormones| journal = Nature | volume = 511 | issue = 7507| pages = 94–98 | pmc = 4142213 | pmid = 24847884 | doi = 10.1038/nature13297 | bibcode = 2014Natur.511...94M }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Anzalone | first1 = A.V. | last2 = Randolph | first2 = P.B. | last3 = Davis | first3 = J.R. | last4 = Sousa | first4 = A.A. | last5 = Koblan | first5 = L.W. | last6 = Levy | first6 = J.M. | last7 = Chen | first7 = P.J. | last8 = Wilson | first8 = C. | last9 = Newby | first9 = G.A. | last10 = Raguram | first10 = A. | last11 = Liu | first11 = D.R. | year = 2019 | title = Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA| journal = Nature | volume = 576 | issue = 7785| pages = 149–157 | pmc = 6907074 | pmid = 31634902 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1711-4 | bibcode = 2019Natur.576..149A }} *{{cite journal | last1 = Mok | first1 = B. Y | last2 = de Moraes | first2 = M. H | last3 = Zeng | first3 = J | last4 = Bosch | first4 = D. E | last5 = Kotrys | first5 = A. V | last6 = Raguram | first6 = A. | last7 = Hsu | first7 = F | last8 = Radey | first8 = M.C | last9 = Broko Peterson | first9 = B | last10 = Mootha | first10 = V.K | last11 = Mougous | first11 = J.D | last12 = Liu | first12 = D. R. | year = 2020| title = A bacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing| journal = Nature | volume = 583| issue = 7817| pages = 631–637| pmc = 7381381 | pmid = 32641830 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-020-2477-4 }} * {{cite journal | last1=Arbab | first1=Mandana | last2=Shen | first2=Max W. | last3=Mok | first3=Beverly | last4=Wilson | first4=Christopher | last5=Matuszek | first5=Żaneta | last6=Cassa | first6=Christopher A. | last7=Liu | first7=David R. | title=Determinants of Base Editing Outcomes from Target Library Analysis and Machine Learning | journal=Cell | volume=182 | issue=2 | date=2020 | pmid=32533916 | pmc=7384975 | doi=10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.037 | pages=463–480.e30 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867420306322 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Koblan | first1=Luke W. | last2=Erdos | first2=Michael R. | last3=Wilson | first3=Christopher | last4=Cabral | first4=Wayne A. | last5=Levy | first5=Jonathan M. | last6=Xiong | first6=Zheng-Mei | last7=Tavarez | first7=Urraca L. | last8=Davison | first8=Lindsay M. | last9=Gete | first9=Yantenew G. | last10=Mao | first10=Xiaojing | last11=Newby | first11=Gregory A. | last12=Doherty | first12=Sean P. | last13=Narisu | first13=Narisu | last14=Sheng | first14=Quanhu | last15=Krilow | first15=Chad | last16=Lin | first16=Charles Y. | last17=Gordon | first17=Leslie B. | last18=Cao | first18=Kan | last19=Collins | first19=Francis S. | last20=Brown | first20=Jonathan D. | last21=Liu | first21=David R. | title=In vivo base editing rescues Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome in mice | journal=Nature | volume=589 | issue=7843 | date=28 January 2021 | issn=0028-0836 | pmid=33408413 | pmc=7872200 | doi=10.1038/s41586-020-03086-7 | pages=608–614 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03086-7 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Blum | first1=Travis R. | last2=Liu | first2=Hao | last3=Packer | first3=Michael S. | last4=Xiong | first4=Xiaozhe | last5=Lee | first5=Pyung-Gang | last6=Zhang | first6=Sicai | last7=Richter | first7=Michelle | last8=Minasov | first8=George | last9=Satchell | first9=Karla J. F. | last10=Dong | first10=Min | last11=Liu | first11=David R. | title=Phage-assisted evolution of botulinum neurotoxin proteases with reprogrammed specificity | journal=Science | volume=371 | issue=6531 | date=19 February 2021 | issn=0036-8075 | pmid=33602850 | pmc=8175023 | doi=10.1126/science.abf5972 | pages=803–810 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abf5972 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Newby | first1=Gregory A. | last2=Yen | first2=Jonathan S. | last3=Woodard | first3=Kaitly J. | last4=Mayuranathan | first4=Thiyagaraj | last5=Lazzarotto | first5=Cicera R. | last6=Li | first6=Yichao | last7=Sheppard-Tillman | first7=Heather | last8=Porter | first8=Shaina N. | last9=Yao | first9=Yu | last10=Mayberry | first10=Kalin | last11=Everette | first11=Kelcee A. | last12=Jang | first12=Yoonjeong | last13=Podracky | first13=Christopher J. | last14=Thaman | first14=Elizabeth | last15=Lechauve | first15=Christophe | last16=Sharma | first16=Akshay | last17=Henderson | first17=Jordana M. | last18=Richter | first18=Michelle F. | last19=Zhao | first19=Kevin T. | last20=Miller | first20=Shannon M. | last21=Wang | first21=Tina | last22=Koblan | first22=Luke W. | last23=McCaffrey | first23=Anton P. | last24=Tisdale | first24=John F. | last25=Kalfa | first25=Theodosia A. | last26=Pruett-Miller | first26=Shondra M. | last27=Tsai | first27=Shengdar Q. | last28=Weiss | first28=Mitchell J. | last29=Liu | first29=David R. | title=Base editing of haematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle cell disease in mice | journal=Nature | volume=595 | issue=7866 | date=8 July 2021 | issn=0028-0836 | pmid=34079130 | pmc=8266759 | doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03609-w | pages=295–302 | url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03609-w | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Chen | first1=Peter J. | last2=Hussmann | first2=Jeffrey A. | last3=Yan | first3=Jun | last4=Knipping | first4=Friederike | last5=Ravisankar | first5=Purnima | last6=Chen | first6=Pin-Fang | last7=Chen | first7=Cidi | last8=Nelson | first8=James W. | last9=Newby | first9=Gregory A. | last10=Sahin | first10=Mustafa | last11=Osborn | first11=Mark J. | last12=Weissman | first12=Jonathan S. | last13=Adamson | first13=Britt | last14=Liu | first14=David R. | title=Enhanced prime editing systems by manipulating cellular determinants of editing outcomes | journal=Cell | volume=184 | issue=22 | date=2021 | pmid=34653350 | pmc=8584034 | doi=10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.018 | pages=5635–5652.e29 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867421010655 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Banskota | first1=Samagya | last2=Raguram | first2=Aditya | last3=Suh | first3=Susie | last4=Du | first4=Samuel W. | last5=Davis | first5=Jessie R. | last6=Choi | first6=Elliot H. | last7=Wang | first7=Xiao | last8=Nielsen | first8=Sarah C. | last9=Newby | first9=Gregory A. | last10=Randolph | first10=Peyton B. | last11=Osborn | first11=Mark J. | last12=Musunuru | first12=Kiran | last13=Palczewski | first13=Krzysztof | last14=Liu | first14=David R. | title=Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins | journal=Cell | volume=185 | issue=2 | date=2022 | pmid=35021064 | pmc=8809250 | doi=10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.021 | pages=250–265.e16 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867421014847 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Arbab | first1=Mandana | last2=Matuszek | first2=Zaneta | last3=Kray | first3=Kaitlyn M. | last4=Du | first4=Ailing | last5=Newby | first5=Gregory A. | last6=Blatnik | first6=Anton J. | last7=Raguram | first7=Aditya | last8=Richter | first8=Michelle F. | last9=Zhao | first9=Kevin T. | last10=Levy | first10=Jonathan M. | last11=Shen | first11=Max W. | last12=Arnold | first12=W. David | last13=Wang | first13=Dan | last14=Xie | first14=Jun | last15=Gao | first15=Guangping | last16=Burghes | first16=Arthur H. M. | last17=Liu | first17=David R. | title=Base editing rescue of spinal muscular atrophy in cells and in mice | journal=Science | volume=380 | issue=6642 | date=21 April 2023 | issn=0036-8075 | pmid=36996170 | pmc=10270003 | doi=10.1126/science.adg6518 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg6518 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Doman | first1=Jordan L. | last2=Pandey | first2=Smriti | last3=Neugebauer | first3=Monica E. | last4=An | first4=Meirui | last5=Davis | first5=Jessie R. | last6=Randolph | first6=Peyton B. | last7=McElroy | first7=Amber | last8=Gao | first8=Xin D. | last9=Raguram | first9=Aditya | last10=Richter | first10=Michelle F. | last11=Everette | first11=Kelcee A. | last12=Banskota | first12=Samagya | last13=Tian | first13=Kathryn | last14=Tao | first14=Y. Allen | last15=Tolar | first15=Jakub | last16=Osborn | first16=Mark J. | last17=Liu | first17=David R. | title=Phage-assisted evolution and protein engineering yield compact, efficient prime editors | journal=Cell | volume=186 | issue=18 | date=2023 | pmid=37657419 | pmc=10482982 | doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.039 | pages=3983–4002.e26 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867423008541 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Mercer | first1=Jaron A. M. | last2=DeCarlo | first2=Stephan J. | last3=Roy Burman | first3=Shourya S. | last4=Sreekanth | first4=Vedagopuram | last5=Nelson | first5=Andrew T. | last6=Hunkeler | first6=Moritz | last7=Chen | first7=Peter J. | last8=Donovan | first8=Katherine A. | last9=Kokkonda | first9=Praveen | last10=Tiwari | first10=Praveen K. | last11=Shoba | first11=Veronika M. | last12=Deb | first12=Arghya | last13=Choudhary | first13=Amit | last14=Fischer | first14=Eric S. | last15=Liu | first15=David R. | title=Continuous evolution of compact protein degradation tags regulated by selective molecular glues | journal=Science | volume=383 | issue=6688 | date=15 March 2024 | issn=0036-8075 | pmid=38484051 | pmc=11203266 | doi=10.1126/science.adk4422 | url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk4422 | access-date=26 November 2025}} * {{cite journal | last1=Sousa | first1=Alexander A. | last2=Terrey | first2=Markus | last3=Sakai | first3=Holt A. | last4=Simmons | first4=Christine Q. | last5=Arystarkhova | first5=Elena | last6=Morsci | first6=Natalia S. | last7=Anderson | first7=Laura C. | last8=Xie | first8=Jun | last9=Suri-Payer | first9=Fabian | last10=Laux | first10=Linda C. | last11=Roze | first11=Emmanuel | last12=Forlani | first12=Sylvie | last13=Gao | first13=Guangping | last14=Frost | first14=Simon | last15=Frost | first15=Nina | last16=Sweadner | first16=Kathleen J. | last17=George | first17=Alfred L. | last18=Lutz | first18=Cathleen M. | last19=Liu | first19=David R. | title=In vivo prime editing rescues alternating hemiplegia of childhood in mice | journal=Cell | volume=188 | issue=16 | date=2025 | doi=10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.038 | pages=4275–4294.e23 | url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867425007408 | access-date=26 November 2025}}

==See also== * DNA‐Templated Organic Synthesis

==References== {{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Iqy_D5y446wfcv7L-g1qINY7afn7dH6W/view CV] * [https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/news/media-kit/DavidLiu.pdf Broad Institute Bio] * [https://elpais.com/ciencia/2023-03-28/david-liu-quimico-podemos-corregir-la-inmensa-mayoria-de-los-errores-en-el-adn-que-causan-las-enfermedades-geneticas.html El Pais]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Liu, David R.}} Category:Living people Category:1973 births Category:21st-century American chemists Category:American people of Taiwanese descent Category:Harvard University faculty Category:Harvard University alumni Category:Howard Hughes Medical Investigators Category:UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Category:Members of JASON (advisory group) Category:Scientists from Riverside, California Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine Category:Harvard College alumni Category:Harvey Prize winners

David R. Liu

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