{{Short description|American anthropologist (1927–2001)}} '''David Montgomery Hart''' (18 May 1927 – 22 May 2001) was an American anthropologist and historian who specialised in Berber tribes. He spent time living amongst Berber tribes like the Ait Waryagher of the Rif and the Ait Atta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Sarah Barringer |author-link=Sarah Barringer Gordon |date=2001 |title=David Montgomery Hart: an obituary |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629380108718431 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |language=en |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=7–8 |doi=10.1080/13629380108718431 |issn=1362-9387}}</ref>
== Life and career == David Montgomery Hart was born on 18 May 1927, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web |title=David Montgomery Hart (1927-2001) |url=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121766396 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=data.bnf.fr |language=en}}</ref> He did his doctoral studies under Carleton S. Coon.<ref name=":1">{{cite thesis |last=Stoolman |first=Jessie Serene |title=Writing Letters and Reading against the Grain of Anthropology’s Past |date=2020 |access-date=14 February 2025 |degree=Master of Arts |publisher=University of California, Los Angeles |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n02d59s |format=PDF |work= |location=}}</ref>
Historian Sarah Barringer Gordon described Hart as an "anthropologist of the old school" and Islamic scholar and anthropologist Akbar Ahmed noted that Hart's brand of anthropology reflected an old tradition where anthropologists would go and rely on their senses for notes and live amongst the people they are studying.<ref name=":0" />
Hart was a prolific letter-writer with Ernest Gellner saying in ''Tribe and State: Essays in Honour of David Montgomery Hart'' that Hart "has developed and perfected a distinctive literary form, the long ethnographic letter". His correspondence with Ross E. Dunn and other scholars which totalled over 10,000 pages was entrusted to the Moroccan National Archives.<ref name=":1" />
He was married to {{Ill|Ursula Cook Kingsmill|ar|أورسولا كوك كينغسميل||}} who lived with him amongst the Berber tribes. He died on 22 May 2001 in Garrucha, Spain aged 74.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-06-10 |title=Paid Notice: Deaths HART, DAVID MONTGOMERY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/10/classified/paid-notice-deaths-hart-david-montgomery.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Published works ==
=== Books === * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif: An Ethnography and History |date=1976 |publisher=U. of Arizona P. |isbn=978-0-8357-5290-9 |language=en}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=El Guindi |first1=Fadwa |title=Review of The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif: An Ethnography and History |journal=American Anthropologist |date=1979 |volume=81 |issue=4 |pages=936–938 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/676620 |access-date=18 March 2025 |issn=0002-7294}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Seddon |first1=David |title=Review of The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif: An Ethnography and History |journal=Middle East Studies Association Bulletin |date=1977 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=59–60 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41890020 |access-date=18 March 2025 |issn=0026-3184}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Joffé |first1=E. G. H. |title=The Moroccan Rif |journal=The Journal of African History |date=1977 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=626–628 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/180838 |access-date=18 March 2025 |issn=0021-8537}}</ref> * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Dadda 'Atta And His Forty Grandsons: The Socio-political Organization Of The Ait Atta Of Southern Morocco |last2= |first2= |date=1981 |publisher=Avalon Publishing |isbn=978-0-906559-06-2 |language=en}} * {{cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=The Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco Daily Life & Recent History |publisher=Middle East & North African Studies Press |year=1984 |isbn=9780906599150 |location=United Kingdom |pages=}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Guardians of the Khaibar Pass: The Social Organisation and History of the Afridis of Pakistan |date=1985 |publisher=Vanguard Books |isbn=9789694024356 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Banditry in Islam: Case Studies from Morocco, Algeria and the Pakistan North West Frontier |date=1987 |publisher=Middle East & North African Studies Press |isbn=978-0-906559-22-2 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Tribalism and Rural Society in the Islamic World |date=1999 |publisher=Cass |isbn=978-0-7146-4928-3 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Tribe_and_Society_in_Rural_Morocco/MejMKDyKe2MC?hl=en |title=Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco |date=2000 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7146-5016-6 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Muslim Tribesmen and the Colonial Encounter in Fiction and on Film |date=2001 |publisher=Het Spinhuis Publishers |isbn=978-90-5589-205-1 |language=en}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url= |title=Qabila: Tribal Profiles and Tribe-state Relations in Morocco and on the Afghanistan-Pakistan Frontier |date=2001 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-90-5589-204-4 |language=en}}
=== Articles === * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1954 |title=An Ethnographic survey of the Riffian tribe of Aith Wuryaghil |url=https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/mx03/documents/003 |journal=Tamuda |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=51–86}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1957 |title=Notes on the Rifian Community of Tangier |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4322893 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=153–162 |issn=0026-3141}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1962 |title=The Social Structure of the Rgībāt Bedouins of the Western Sahara |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4323527 |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=515–527 |issn=0026-3141}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1966 |title=A customary law document from the Ait 'Atta of the Jbil Saghru |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1966_num_1_1_913 |journal=Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée |language=fr |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=91–112 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1966.913 |issn=0035-1474}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1967 |title=Segmentary systems and the role of "five fifths" in tribal Morocco |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1967_num_3_1_945 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=65–95 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1967.945}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1970 |title=Conflicting models of a Berber tribal structure in the Moroccan Rif : the segmentary and alliance system of the Aith Varyaghar |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1970_num_7_1_1060 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=93–99 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1970.1060}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1973 |title=The Ait Ba 'Amran of Ifni : an ethnographie survey |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1973_num_15_1_1227 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=61–74 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1973.1227}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Arabs_and_Berbers/3k13x46zTmcC?hl=en |title=Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa |date=1973 |publisher=Duckworth |isbn=978-0-7156-0639-1 |editor-last=Gellner |editor-first=Ernest |editor-link=Ernest Gellner |pages=46-48 |language=en |chapter=The tribe in modern Morocco: two case studies |editor-last2=Micaud |editor-first2=Charles |editor-link2=Charles Micaud}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1978 |title=Notes on the socio-political structure and institutions of two tribes of the Ait Yafalman confederacy : the Ait Murghad and the Ait Hadiddu. |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1978_num_26_1_1824 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=55–74 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1978.1824}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1984 |title=The Ait Sukhmann of the Moroccan Central Atlas : an ethnographie survey and a case study in Sociocultural Anomaly |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1984_num_38_1_2050 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=137–152 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1984.2050}} * {{Cite journal |last=|first= |date=1988-01-01 |title=A. Review article: Magic, Witchcraft and Sorcery in Morocco: the sociology of Evans‐Pritchard and the ethnography of Mustapha Akhmisse, M.D. |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13530198808705465 |journal=British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Bulletin |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=183–193 |doi=10.1080/13530198808705465 |issn=0305-6139|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1993 |title=Faulty models of North African and Middle Eastern tribal structures |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0997-1327_1993_num_68_1_2569 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=225–238 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1993.2569}} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1996 |title=Murder in the Market Penal Aspects of Berber Customary Law in the Precolonial Moroccan Rif |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3399414 |journal=Islamic Law and Society |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=343–371 |issn=0928-9380}} * {{Cite journal |last=|first= |date=1996-09-01 |title=Berber tribal alliance networks in pre‐colonial North Africa: the Algerian saff, the Moroccan liff and the chessboard model of Robert Montagne |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389608718275 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=192–205 |doi=10.1080/13629389608718275 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=|first=|date=June 1997 |title=Berber names and substrata in Mauritania and the Western Sahara: linguistic and ethno‐historical guidelines for future research on a paradoxical problem |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389708718288 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=58–71 |doi=10.1080/13629389708718288 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=September 1997 |title=The Berber Dahir of 1930 in colonial Morocco: then and now (1930–1996) |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389708718294 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=11–33 |doi=10.1080/13629389708718294 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last=|first= |date=1998-12-01 |title=The Rgaybat: camel nomads of the Western Sahara |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389808718342 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=28–54 |doi=10.1080/13629389808718342 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=1998-12-01 |title=The penal code in the customary law of the Swasa of the Moroccan Western Atlas and Anti‐Atlas |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389808718343 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=55–67 |doi=10.1080/13629389808718343 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=September 1999 |title=Right and left in the Atlas Mountains: dual symbolic classifications among Moroccan Berbers |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629389908718372 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |language=en |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=30–44 |doi=10.1080/13629389908718372 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }} * {{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=March 2000 |title=Persistence and change in names on the North African landscape: Berber Tribes in Ibn Khaldun's genealogies and as they appear today |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13629380008718390 |journal=The Journal of North African Studies |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=121–146 |doi=10.1080/13629380008718390 |issn=1362-9387|url-access=subscription }}
== References == {{reflist}}
== Further reading == * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Tribe_and_State/wRyBAAAAMAAJ?hl=en |title=Tribe and State: Essays in Honour of David Montgomery Hart |last2= |first2= |date=1991 |publisher=Middle East and North African Studies Press |isbn=978-0-906559-37-6 |editor-last=Joffé |editor-first=E. George H. |language=en |editor-last2=Pennell |editor-first2=C. R.}} * {{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Antropolog%C3%ADa_y_antrop%C3%B3logos_en_Marruec/btC0AAAAIAAJ?hl=en |title=Antropología y antropólogos en Marruecos: homenaje a David M. Hart |last2= |first2= |date=2002 |publisher=Ediciones Bellaterra |isbn=978-84-7290-179-7 |editor-last=Ramírez |editor-first=Angeles |language=es |trans-title=Anthropology and Anthropologists in Morocco: A Tribute to David M. Hart |editor-last2=García |editor-first2=Bernabé López}} * {{Cite journal |last=Stoolman |first=Jessie |date=2020 |title=The “Ethnographic Letter”: David Hartʼs North African Ethnography Revisited |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7698989 |journal=Hesperis Tamuda |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=391-423 |issn=0018-1005}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, David Montgomery}} Category:1927 births Category:2001 deaths Category:20th-century American anthropologists Category:20th-century American historians