{{Short description|British archaeologist (1862–1927)}} {{Use British English|date=February 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}} {{Infobox scientist | name = David George Hogarth | image = T.E. Lawrence; D.G. Hogarth; Lt. Col. Dawnay (Hogarth cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Commander Hogarth in 1918 | birth_date = 23 May 1862 | birth_place = Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, England | death_date = 6 November 1927 (aged 65) | death_place = Oxford, Oxfordshire, England | residence = | citizenship = | ethnicity = | field = Orientalist Archaeology, classics, education, journalism, fund directorship, museum curatorship, intelligence operations and directorship, diplomacy | work_institutions = {{plain list| * Magdalen College, Oxford * British School at Athens * Ashmolean Museum }} | alma_mater = Oxford University | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | awards = | religion = | signature = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = Laura Violet (Hogarth) Uppleby }} '''David George Hogarth''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG|FRGS|FBA}} (23 May 1862 – 6 November 1927), also known as '''D. G. Hogarth''', was a British orientalist archaeologist and scholar associated with T. E. Lawrence and Arthur Evans. He was Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford from 1909 to 1927.
Hogarth was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the First World War and served with the Naval Intelligence Division. During 1916, he was the acting director of the Arab Bureau, and was later responsible for delivering the Hogarth message.
==Early life and education== D. G. Hogarth was the son of Reverend George Hogarth, Vicar of Barton-upon-Humber, and Jane Elizabeth (Uppleby) Hogarth. He had a sister three years younger, Janet E. Courtney, an author and feminist. In one of his autobiographical works, Hogarth claimed to be an antiquary who was made so, rather than born to it. He said, "nothing disposed me to my trade in early years." Those years included a secondary education, 1876–1880, at Winchester College, which claims to be, and was labelled by Hogarth as, "our oldest Public School."<ref>{{harvnb|Hogarth|1910|pp=1–2}}.</ref>
In October 1881, Hogarth matriculated into Magdalen College, Oxford to study ''Literae Humaniores''.<ref name="ODNB">{{cite ODNB|last1=Gill|first1=David|title=Hogarth, David George|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/33924|date=7 January 2010}}</ref> He achieved first class honours in both Mods (1882) and Greats (1885).<ref name="ODNB" /> He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1885:<ref name="ODNB" /> as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon) degree.<ref name="WWW" />
==Career== In 1886, Hogarth was elected a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.<ref name="ODNB" /><ref name="WWW" /> Between 1887 and 1907, he travelled to excavations in Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, Syria, Melos, and Ephesus (the Temple of Artemis).<ref>{{cite magazine|title=HOGARTH, David George|magazine=Who's Who|year=1907|volume= 59|page=855|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA855}}</ref> On the island of Crete, he excavated Zakros and Psychro Cave. Hogarth was named director of the British School at Athens in 1897 and occupied the position until 1900.<ref>{{cite web|title=BSA Managing Committee (1886-1918)|url=http://bsahistory.blogspot.co.uk/2008/02/bsa-managing-committee-1886-1918.html|website=History of the British School at Athens|access-date=31 August 2016|date=2008-02-07}}</ref> He was the keeper of the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford from 1909<ref>It was at the Ashmolean in early 1909 that Hogarth first met T. E. Lawrence – Wilson, Jeremy (1989) ''Lawrence of Arabia'' p.53 – ( see also long footnote on p.987-988 where Robert Graves in his 1927 work ''Lawrence and the Arabs'' had an account of the meeting as January 1909 )</ref> until his death in 1927.<ref>M, J. L. (1927) ''Dr. D. G. Hogarth, C.M.G'' M, J. L Nature Vol: 120 Issue: 3029 {{ISSN|0028-0836}} Date: 1927 Pages: 735 – 737, "...By the unexpected death of Dr. David George Hogarth (6 Nov.), geography and archaeology lost briefly their most distinguished representatives in Great Britain ..."</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article21191968 |title=DEATH OF ARCHAEOLOGIST. |newspaper=The Brisbane Courier |location=Qld. |date=8 November 1927 |access-date=2 May 2012 |page=15 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
[[File:T.E. Lawrence; D.G. Hogarth; Lt. Col. Dawnay.jpg|thumb|Hogarth (centre), with T. E. Lawrence (left) and Lt Col. Dawnay at the Arab Bureau, Cairo, May 1918]] In 1915, during the First World War, Hogarth was commissioned with the temporary rank of lieutenant commander in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=29348 |date=2 November 1915 |page=10763 }}</ref> and joined the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division. Professor Hogarth was appointed the acting director of the Arab Bureau, for a time during 1916 when Sir Mark Sykes went back to London. Kinahan Cornwallis was his deputy.{{citation needed|date=September 2013}} Hogarth was close with T. E. Lawrence and worked with Lawrence to plan the Arab Revolt.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11764/ |title = The Penetration of Arabia: A Record of the Development of Western Knowledge Concerning the Arabian Peninsula |website = World Digital Library |year = 1904 |access-date = 24 September 2013 }}</ref>
Sykes befriended Hogarth, who had described the Indian Government as believing they had a moral imperative to the British Raj as the best form of government and could not fail in their duty to impose it on a Province of Mesopotamia. The Arabists rejected this proposal vehemently; Sykes took Hogarth's research as evidence of the uniquely different situation in the Protectorate. The archaeologists knew it was clear that the Raj had no understanding of the different conditions, and that there needed to be a specific "Arab Policy" for what had become a frontier of empire.<ref>James Onley, ''The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj'' (1921)</ref>
Hogarth returned to Oxford and the Ashmolean Museum in June 1919.<ref name="ODNB" /> From 1925 to 1927, he was President of the Royal Geographical Society.<ref>{{cite journal| title= David George Hogarth|journal= The Geographical Journal|volume= 71|issue= 4|pages= 321–344|publisher= JSTOR|jstor = 1782410|last1 = Fletcher|first1 = C. R. L.|year= 1928}}</ref>
==Personal life== [[File:Prof. D.G. Hogarth M.A. Wellcome M0002302.jpg|thumb|upright|D. G. Hogarth M.A. by Augustus John]] On 7 November 1894, Hogarth married Laura Violet Uppleby, daughter of George Charles Uppleby.<ref>Foster, J (1871). The pedigree of Wilson of High Wray & Kendal, and the families connected with them. Google Books.[https://books.google.com/books?id=ilIBAAAAQAAJ&q=%22Laura+violet+uppleby%22 Google Books]</ref> His wife and mother shared a common great-great-grandfather, one John Uppleby of Wootton, Lincolnshire.<ref>Ball, H.W. (1856). The social history and antiquities of Barton-upon-Humber. Google Books [https://books.google.com/books?id=P5QxAQAAIAAJ&q=Uppleby]</ref> Laura Violet was 26 at the time; David George, 32. They had one son, William David Hogarth (1901–1965).<ref>A summary of the family connections of Hogarth and his wife is to be found, with sources, at {{cite web| title=David George Hogarth | publisher=ancestry.com | year=2011 | url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~usher/ushersct/4996.htm}}</ref> A granddaughter, Caroline Barron, is a historian of later medieval England.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Griffin |first1=Jasper |title=Obituary: John Barron |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/sep/19/highereducation |access-date=21 May 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=18 September 2008}}</ref>
In 1926, Hogarth's health began rapidly deteriorating due to a heart condition, and he was granted leave from Oxford in October 1927. He died on 6 November 1927 at his home in Oxford (20 St Giles' Street). He was aged 65.<ref name="ODNB" /><ref>Several contemporaneous newspaper articles from 1927 reported his death as being on Saturday, November 5, 1927. *{{cite news |title=Hogarth, Geographer and Explorer, Dead |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-indianapolis-star-hogarth/139940808/ |work=The Indianapolis Star |agency=Associated Press |date=November 7, 1927 |location=Oxford, England, Nov. 6 |page=19}} *{{cite news |title=Explorer & Scholar |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/western-morning-news-hogarth/139940983/ |work=Western Morning News |date=November 7, 1927 |location=Plymouth, Devon, England |page=8}} *{{cite news |title=David G. Hogarth Died in England |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/times-colonist-hogarth/139941323/ |work=Times Colonist |date=November 7, 1927 |location=Victoria, British Columbia, Canada |page=3}} *{{cite news |title=Dr. D.G. Hogarth |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-guardian-hogarth/139941503/ |work=The Guardian |date=November 7, 1927 |location=London, Greater London, England |page=4}} *{{cite news |title=Dr. Hogarth, Ashmolean Museum |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-telegraph-hogarth/139943006/ |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=November 7, 1927 |location=London, Greater London, England |page=10 |department=Obituary}}</ref>
==Honours== thumb|upright|page=6|Handwriting (1906) In 1896, Hogarth was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (FRGS).<ref name="ODNB" /> In 1905, he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences.<ref name="WWW">{{cite book|title=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U197973|date=1 December 2007|chapter=Hogarth, David George, (23 May 1862–6 Nov. 1927), Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum since 1909; President of the Royal Geographical Society since 1925}}</ref> In 1917, he was made a Commander of the Order of the Nile by the Sultan of Egypt,<ref name="WWW" /> and awarded the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society.<ref name="ODNB" /> In the 1918 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his efforts during the First World War.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30451 |date=28 December 1917 |page=82 |supp=y}}</ref> In 1919, he was awarded the Order of Nahda (Hejaz) 2nd class by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.<ref name="WWW" />
==See also== *Gertrude Bell *Mr. Dryden
==Bibliography==
===By Hogarth=== * Hogarth, D. G.; James, M. R.; Smith, R. Elsey; Gardner, E. A. (1888). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/623675 'Excavations in Cyprus, 1887-88. Paphos, Leontari, Amargetti]'. ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies''. '''9''': 147–271. doi:10.2307/623675. ISSN 0075-4269. *{{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | title=Devia Cypria: notes of an archaeological journey in Cyprus in 1888 | location=London | publisher=H. Frowde | year=1889 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UUUXAAAAYAAJ&q=david+george+hogarth+inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}}<ref>{{cite journal|title=Review of ''Devia Cypria'' by D. G. Hogarth|journal=The Athenæum|issue=3246|pages=53–54|date=January 11, 1890|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B21GAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA53}}</ref> * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=A wandering scholar in the Levant | location=London | publisher=J. Murray | year=1896 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QYI2AAAAMAAJ}} * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=Philip and Alexander of Macedon: two essays in biography | location=New York | publisher=C. Scribner's Sons | year=1897 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GfQ8AAAAIAAJ&q=david+george+hogarth+inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}} * Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, Hunt, Arthur Surridge, and Hogarth, David George (1900). [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.37087 ''Fayûm Towns and Their Papyri''], London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner/Quaritch/Frowde. * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=The Nearer East | url=https://archive.org/details/nearerea00hoga | location=London | publisher=W. Heinemann | year=1902}} * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=The penetration of Arabia : a record of the development of Western knowledge concerning the Arabian peninsula | location=London | publisher=Lawrence and Bullen | year=1904 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnnOAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}} * ''The Archaic Artemisia of Ephesus'' (1908) * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=Ionia and the East; six lectures delivered before the University of London | location=Oxford | publisher=Clarendon Press | year=1909 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNvQAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}} * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=Accidents of an antiquary's life | location=London | publisher=MacMillan and Co., Limited | year=1910 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6ZCAAAAIAAJ&q=david+george+hogarth+inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}}<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hall, H. R.|author-link=Henry Hall (Egyptologist)|title=Review of ''Accidents of an Antiquary's Life'' by D. G. Hogarth|journal=The Classical Review|year=1910|volume=24|issue=6|pages=192–193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-gnAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA192|doi=10.1017/s0009840x00045364|s2cid=163816976 }}</ref> * [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009407923 ''The Ancient East''] (1914) * Hogarth, D. G. and Benson, E. F. (n.d.) ''Report on prospects of Research in Alexandria''. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, * {{cite book |chapter= Turkey |last1= Forbes|first1= Nevill |author1-link= Nevill Forbes |first2=Arnold J. |last2= Toynbee |author2-link=Arnold J. Toynbee |last3= Mitrany |first3 = D. |author3-link= David Mitrany |last4= Hogarth |first4= D. G. |author4-link= David George Hogarth |title= The Balkans: A History of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Rumania, Turkey |year= 1915 |place= Oxford |publisher= At the Clarendon Press |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/balkanshistoryof00forbuoft#page/n3|access-date= 21 September 2018 |via= Internet Archive}} * {{cite book | first=David George | last=Hogarth | author-mask=2 | title=Hittite seals, with particular reference to the Ashmolean collection | location=Oxford | publisher=Clarendon Press | year=1920 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZrbPtWpwjqkC&q=david+george+hogarth+inauthor%3ADavid+inauthor%3AGeorge+inauthor%3AHogarth}} * ''Arabia'' (1922) (also as ''A History of Arabia'') * ''Kings of the Hittites'' (1926) (Schweich Lectures for 1924) * ''The Life of Charles M. Doughty'' (1928)
===With Hogarth as editor=== * ''Authority and Archaeology – Sacred and Profane – Essays on the relation of monuments to Biblical and Classical Literature'' (1899 2nd Edition)
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography== * İpek, Mübarek, Oryantalist David George Hogarth'ın Hayatı ve İngiliz İstihbarat Servisi İle İlişkisi (1862-1927), Mukaddime, 2023 * {{cite book| first=Robert|last=Graves|author-link=Robert Graves| title=Lawrence and the Arabs | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.40148|date=1927|location=London|publisher=Jonathan Cape}} * {{cite journal|author=M. J. L.|title=Dr. D. G. Hogarth, C.M.G.|journal=Nature|volume=120|issue=3029|date=1927|doi=10.1038/120735a0|pages=735–737|bibcode=1927Natur.120..735J |doi-access=free}} * {{cite book|first=James|last=Onley|title=The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj|date=2007|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press}} * {{cite book|first=Charles|last=Townshend|title=When God Made Hell: The British Invasion of Mesopotamia and the Creation of Iraq 1914-1921|publisher=Faber and Faber|date=2010}} * {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Jeremy|title=Lawrence of Arabia|url=https://archive.org/details/lawrenceofarabia00wils|url-access=registration|date=1989|publisher=Atheneum |isbn=9780689119347 }}
==External links== {{commons category}} {{wikisource|works=or}} * {{Gutenberg author |id=2480| name=David George Hogarth}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=David George Hogarth}} *[https://www.newspapers.com/article/grimsby-evening-telegraph-tablet/139939579/ Commemorative tablet of Hogarth set in the wall of] St. Peter's Church, Barton at ''Grimsby Evening Telegraph''
{{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{s-bef|before= Cecil Harcourt Smith}} {{s-ttl|title= Director of the British School at Athens |years=1897 to 1900}} {{s-aft|after= R. C. Bosanquet}} {{s-bef|before= Sir Arthur Evans}} {{s-ttl|title= Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum |years= 1909 to 1927}} {{s-aft|after= Edward Thurlow Leeds}} {{s-end}} {{Ashmolean Museum keepers and directors}} {{RGSPresidents}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hogarth, David George}} Category:1862 births Category:1927 deaths Category:People from Barton-upon-Humber Category:People educated at Winchester College Category:Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford Category:English curators Category:Academics of the University of Oxford Category:Victorian writers Category:19th-century English writers Category:20th-century English writers Category:Directors of the British School at Athens Category:Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I Category:Fellows of the British Academy Category:Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society Category:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society Category:Keepers and directors of the Ashmolean Museum Category:Arab Bureau officers Category:Explorers of West Asia Category:Royal Navy officers Category:Temple of Artemis Category:Military personnel from Lincolnshire Category:20th-century English archaeologists Category:19th-century English archaeologists