{{Use American English|date = March 2019}} {{Short description|National security controversy in the United States}} {{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}
The '''Dubai Ports World controversy''' began in February 2006 and rose to prominence as a national security debate in the United States. At issue was the sale of port management businesses in six major U.S. seaports to a company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and whether such a sale would compromise port security.
The controversy pertained to management contracts of six major United States ports. The purchaser was DP World (DPW), a state-owned company in the UAE. The contracts had already been foreign-owned, by P&O, a British firm taken over by DPW (completed in March 2006). Although the sale was approved by the executive branch of the United States Government, various United States political figures argued that the takeover would compromise U.S. port security.
U.S. President George W. Bush argued vigorously for the approval of the deal, claiming that the delay sends the wrong message to U.S. allies. Legislation was introduced to the United States Congress to delay the sale. On March 8, 2006, the United States House Committee on Appropriations voted 62–2 to block the deal. Despite President Bush's previous intention to veto the legislation, DP World announced on March 9, 2006 that they will drop the deal and transfer operations to a U.S. entity to defuse the situation.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/10/politics/under-pressure-dubai-company-drops-port-deal.html|title=Under Pressure, Dubai Company Drops Port Deal|newspaper=The New York Times|date=10 March 2006}}</ref> Dubai Ports World eventually sold P&O's American operations to American International Group's asset management division, Global Investment Group, for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="wsj_20061211_dpw_aig">{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116584567567746444|title=Dubai Ports World Sells U.S. Assets|last=King Jr.|first=N.|author2=Hitt, G.|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=2006-12-11}}</ref> The company is now known as Ports America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ports America, Inc.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4771728|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref>
==Background== {{main|DP World}}
DP World is a company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, via a holding company. This holding company is under the direct control of the Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, who is also Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE.
==Chronology== [[File:Charles Schumer official portrait.jpg|200px|right|thumb|U.S. Senator from New York, Chuck Schumer, brought the case to national attention.]]
In mid-October 2005, DP World approached the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to clear regulatory hurdles for a possible acquisition of the British firm P&O. The CFIUS is the multi-agency federal panel that passes judgment on deals with foreign corporations that raise antitrust or national security questions. Soon after, DPW began negotiating the terms of the takeover with P&O.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5252263|title=Lobbyist's Last-Minute Bid Set Off Ports Controversy|publisher=NPR|date=March 8, 2006}}</ref> They were advised by former President Bill Clinton to submit to a 45-day review of the acquisition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.ft.com/cms/s/60414c4c-a95e-11da-a64b-0000779e2340.html|title=Bill Clinton helped Dubai on ports deal|newspaper=Financial Times|date=March 1, 2006}}</ref>
In December 2005, Coast Guard intelligence officials raised the possibility of significant security risks associated with the management of some U.S. port operations by a Dubai company, stating in a report that broad intelligence gaps prevented them from assessing the risks.<ref name="Kirchgaessner">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/6defdda2-a7ee-11da-85bc-0000779e2340.html#axzz26iU18wn1|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211181207/https://www.ft.com/content/6defdda2-a7ee-11da-85bc-0000779e2340#axzz26iU18wn1|archive-date=December 11, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=US Coast Guard warned on Dubai ports deal - FT.com|last=Kirchgaessner|first=Stephanie|date=February 28, 2006|work=Financial Times|access-date=21 September 2012}}</ref>
In February 2006, the stockholders of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), a British firm, agreed to a sale of that company to DPW over a bid by PSA International of Singapore. As part of the sale, DPW would assume the leases of P&O to manage major U.S. facilities at the Port of New York and New Jersey, Port of Philadelphia, Port of Baltimore, Port of New Orleans, and the Port of Miami, as well as operations in 16 other ports.
After P&O stockholders approved the deal, the arrangement was reviewed by the CFIUS headed by the U.S. Treasury Department. The transfer of leases was approved.
When the deal appeared in the business press, it was noticed by Eller & Company, a Florida firm. Eller has two joint ventures with P&O and it feared becoming an "involuntary partner of DP World," said Michael Kreitzer, Eller's lawyer.<ref name="Overby" /> According to Kreitzer, Eller hired semi-retired lobbyist Joe Muldoon as a last-ditch effort to persuade Congress to block the deal. Soon, Muldoon and Kreitzer got the attention of Democratic New York Senator Charles E. Schumer and an Associated Press reporter. Within days, Schumer held a press conference calling for a review and the AP ran the story nationally.<ref name="Overby">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5252263|title=Lobbyist's Last-Minute Bid Set Off Ports Controversy : NPR|last=Overby|first=Peter|date=March 8, 2006|work=NPR|access-date=21 September 2012}}</ref>
Congressional politicians were quick to respond after Schumer's press conference and the AP story put the Dubai Ports deal in the national spotlight. Both Democratic and Republican members of Congress started to question the approval. Republican leaders Dennis Hastert and Bill Frist, who usually work closely with the office of the President, publicly questioned the deal. Frist said "If the administration cannot delay the process, I plan on introducing legislation to ensure that the deal is placed on hold until this decision gets a more thorough review."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/21/politics/21cnd-port.html?_r=0|title=Bush Threatens to Veto Any Bill to Stop Port Takeover|last=Sanger|first=David|author2=Eric Lipton|date=February 21, 2006|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 September 2012}}</ref>
On February 22, 2006, President Bush threatened to veto any legislation passed by Congress to block the deal, a veto that would be his first. In a statement to reporters, Bush claimed, "It would send a terrible signal to friends and allies not to let this transaction go through."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4737940.stm |title=Bush threatens veto in ports row|date=22 February 2006|work=BBC Online|access-date=21 September 2012}}</ref> DP Worlds Chief Operating Officer, Ted Bilkey engaged a number of high-profile lobbying firms to garner congressional support for the deal.<ref name="Overby" />
The controversy created a public and unusually high-profile dispute within the Republican Party, and between the Republican-controlled Congress and the Republican-controlled White House.
On February 23, 2006, DPW volunteered to postpone its takeover of significant operations at the ports to give the White House more time to convince lawmakers that the deal poses no increased risks from terrorism.
According to the website of P&O Ports, the port-operations subsidiary of P&O, DPW would take over stevedore services at 12 East Coast ports including the Port of Portland (Maine); Port of Boston; Port of Davisville; Port of New York and New Jersey; Port Newark; Port of Philadelphia; Port of Camden; Port of Wilmington; Port of Baltimore; and Virginia locations at Newport News, Norfolk, and Portsmouth.
Additionally, DPW would have taken over P&O stevedoring operations at nine ports along the Gulf of Mexico including the Texas ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, Galveston, Houston, Freeport, and Corpus Christi, as well as the Louisiana ports of Lake Charles and New Orleans.
Former Senate Majority Leader and 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole was hired by Dubai Ports World to lobby Congress on its behalf against bipartisan criticism of the deal. Mr. Dole was a special counsel in the Washington office of the law firm of Alston & Bird. DP World hired the firm in 2005 to help shepherd its purchase of the British-based firm P&OP&O.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/US/02/22/wednesday/index.html|title=CNN - Wednesday, February 22|publisher=CNN|date=February 23, 2006}}</ref>
On March 8, 2006, the House Appropriations Committee voted 62–2 to block the deal, and Senator Charles Schumer added amendments to a Senate bill to block the deal, causing an uproar in the Senate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/house-panel-votes-to-block-ports-deal|title=House Panel Votes to Block Ports Deal|publisher=Fox News|date=March 9, 2006}}</ref>
On March 9, 2006, Dubai Ports World released a statement saying they would turn over operation of U.S. ports to a U.S. "Entity".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dubai-company-gives-up-on-ports-deal/|title=Dubai Company Gives Up On Ports Deal|work=CBS News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Later that same day, American Enterprise Institute scholar Norm Ornstein reported on PBS's "News Hour" that DP World was considering selling its U.S. operations to Halliburton.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/transportation/jan-june06/hls-ports_3-9.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430221229/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/transportation/jan-june06/hls-ports_3-9.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 30, 2006|title=Dubai Ports Pledges to Transfer Ports to U.S. Entity|publisher=PBS|date=March 9, 2006}}</ref>
Dubai Ports World eventually sold P&O's American operations to American International Group's asset management division, Global Investment Group for an undisclosed sum.<ref name="wsj_20061211_dpw_aig"/> The company is now known as Ports America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ports America, Inc.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=4771728|publisher=Bloomberg|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref> In New Jersey, it operates as Port Newark Container Terminal (PNCT). Highstar Capital is shopping the company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Tan|first1=Wei Zhe|title=Yildirim eyes CMA CGM stake sale to fund Ports America purchase|url=https://lloydslist.maritimeintelligence.informa.com/LL109021/Yildirim-eyes-CMA-CGM-stake-sale-to-fund-Ports-America-purchase|access-date=29 July 2017|publisher=Lloyd's List|date=July 6, 2017}}</ref> In 2017, a Turkish company sought to buy Ports America, which would bring it full circle to 2006.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barnard|first1=Bruce|title=Yildirim, pursuing Ports America, seeks buyer for CMA CGM stake|url=http://www.joc.com/port-news/terminal-operators/ports-america-group/yildirim-pursuing-ports-america-seeks-buyer-cma-cgm-stake_20170706.html|publisher=JOC|date=July 6, 2017}}</ref>
==Opinions and comments== {{Location map+ | Earth | alt= DP World's Portfolio - as of 1 March 2017 | width = 640 | caption = <span style="font-size:95%;">DP World's Portfolio - as of 1 March 2017<br /> 8px|link= Container Terminals<br /> 8px|link= Non-Container Terminals<br /> 8px|link= New Developments and Major Expansions</span> | places = {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Qingdao Qianwan Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 36.011 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 120.209 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Qingdao New Qianwan Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 36.013 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 120.233 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Qingdao Qianwan United Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 35.997 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 120.207 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Qingdao Qianwan United Advance Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 35.997 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 120.2 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Tianjin Orient Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 38.982 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 117.782 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Yantai International Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 37.563 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 121.374 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Hong Kong | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 22.343 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 114.127 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Terminal Petikemas Surabaya | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 7.218 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 112.721 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = ATI Batangas | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 13.76 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 121.044 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Port of Manila - South Harbor (MNS) | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 14.582 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 120.965 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Pusan Newport Company | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 35.08 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 128.827 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Laem Chabang International Terminal (LCIT) | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 13.058 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 100.889 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Saigon Premier Container Terminal (SPCT) | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 10.639 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 106.76 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Chennai | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 13.106 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 80.298 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cochin | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 9.981 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 76.252 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Kulpi | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 22.08 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 88.242 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Mundra International Container Terminal MICT | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 22.744 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 69.709 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Nhava Sheva | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 18.957 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 72.953 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Visakha Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 17.694 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 83.3 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Karachi | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 24.766 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 67.326 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Terminales Rio de la Plata | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 34.585 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 58.366 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Empresa Brasileira de Terminais Portuários (EMBRAPORT) | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 23.922 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 46.317 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Vancouver - Stevedoring Division | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.284 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 123.088 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Vancouver - Container Division | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.284 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 123.088 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Nanaimo | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.160 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 123.927 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Caucedo | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 18.426 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 69.635 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Callao | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 12.055 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 77.149 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Paramaribo | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 5.813 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.166 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Paramaribo | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 5.616 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.092 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Brisbane | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 27.376 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 153.171 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Fremantle | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 32.047 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 115.741 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Melbourne | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 37.812 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 144.911 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Sydney | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 33.971 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 151.217 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Djazair | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 36.759 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 3.071 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Djen Djen | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 36.816 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 5.887 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Port Autonome International de Djibouti PAID | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 11.605 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 43.138 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Doraleh Container Terminal (DCT) | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 11.597 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 43.105 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Maputo Intermodal Container Deport (MICD) | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.946 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 32.536 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cargo Services Mozambique | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.961 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 32.546 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Maputo | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.961 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 32.546 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Dakar - Terminal à Conteneur | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 14.686 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 17.426 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cargo Services - Cape Town | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 33.91 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 18.424 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cargo Services - Durban | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 29.867 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 30.999 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cargo Services - Port Elizabeth | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 33.969 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 25.619 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Cargo Services - Richards Bay | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 28.666 | lat_dir = S | lon_deg = 32.025 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Dakar - Port du Futur | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 14.682 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 17.416 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Antwerp Gateway | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 51.289 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 4.264 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Antwerp - Delwaide | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 51.331 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 4.334 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Beverdonk Container Terminal | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 51.181 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 4.724 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = EUROFOS | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 43.408 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 4.846 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = FOS 2xL | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 43.417 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 4.833 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Terminal de France | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.458 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 0.163 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Quai des Amériques | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.476 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 0.164 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Quai de l'Europe | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.482 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 0.178 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Germersheim | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 49.232 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 8.378 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Rotterdam World Gateway | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 51.959 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 3.998 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Constanta | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 44.103 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 28.661 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Tarragona | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 41.095 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 1.21 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Yarimca | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 40.762 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 29.749 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World London Gateway | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 51.505 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 0.49 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Southampton | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 50.909 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 1.452 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Sokhna | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 29.654 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 32.349 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Sokhna (new development) | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 29.641 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 32.358 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Jeddah | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 21.456 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 39.16 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Berbera | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 10.435 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 45.01 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Prince Rupert Inc | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 54.285 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 130.358 | lon_dir = W }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Al Hamriya Port | label_size = 0 | mark = Yellow pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.299 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.334 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = Port Rashid | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.269 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.278 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Jebel Ali - Terminal 1 | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 24.992 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.067 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Jebel Ali - Terminal 2 | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.02 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.052 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Jebel Ali Terminal 3 | label_size = 0 | mark = Green pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.042 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 55.054 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~ | Earth | label = DP World Fujairah | label_size = 0 | mark = Red pog.svg | lat_deg = 25.179 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 56.358 | lon_dir = E }} }}
According to Bill Gertz, author of ''Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11'': :Intelligence and security officials opposed to the deal with Dubai Ports World said ports are vulnerable to the entry of terrorists or illicit weapons because of the large number of containers that enter U.S. territory, regardless of who manages them.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060222-122115-8912r.htm| title=Security fears about infiltration by terrorists| newspaper=The Washington Times| date=February 22, 2006}}</ref>
Frank Gaffney, president of the Center for Security Policy wrote: {{quote|At the very least, the company will have to be read-in on these ports' security plans as it will have some role in their implementation.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/gaffney200602271401.asp|title=Frank Gaffney on Ports|magazine=National Review Online|date=February 27, 2006}}</ref>}}
Susan Collins, Republican Senator from Maine (and Homeland Security Committee chairwoman at the time) wrote: {{quote|[A] careful review of the 'assurances letter' reveals that DP World is not, in fact, bound to provide the U.S. government with the information it would need to close the intelligence gaps the Coast Guard identified...The language is weak... Indeed, the assurances appear to amount to little more than a restatement of what the FBI or other law enforcement agenc[ies] could gather anyway in the course of an investigation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20060301-091502-5715r.htm|title=The ports 'promise letter' that wasn't|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=March 1, 2006}}</ref>}}
After the DP World announced its decision to transfer the U.S. port operations to a U.S. entity, the BBC quoted Daniel T. Griswold, director of the Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, as saying that the affair would "send a chilling signal":
{{quote|It is just assuming that if a company is from the Middle East it is de facto disqualified from investing in the United States, and I think that is a terrible message to send.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4791512.stm |title=Dubai firm to 'transfer' US ports|work=BBC News|date=March 10, 2006}}</ref>}}
===Opposition=== The objections to approving the sale centered on arguments about who controls U.S. ports, especially after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Some opposed to the sale have argued that no foreign government should be permitted to own such strategic assets while others argue that port security should remain in the hands of American firms under American control at the very least. Few had offered similar objections to the P&O's ownership, until the proposed DPW takeover brought attention to the situation. Over 80 percent of the terminals in the USA are already controlled by foreign owners.
Those who expressed opposition to the deal included: ''The New York Times'', Michael Savage, Lindsey Graham, ''The New Republic'', The John Birch Society, Sean Hannity, Lou Dobbs,<ref>[http://www.crooksandliars.com/2006/02/27.html#a7324 Lou Dobbs told to Shut up] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060301020244/http://www.crooksandliars.com/2006/02/27.html |date=2006-03-01 }}, ''Crooks and Liars'', February 27, 2006, retrieved March 11, 2006</ref> Laura Ingraham, Bill Frist, and Hillary Clinton,<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11657573/ Hillary Clinton 'unaware' of Bill's Dubai ties] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060313171317/http://msnbc.msn.com/id/11657573/ |date=2006-03-13 }} by Stephanie Kirchgaessner, ''MSNBC'', March 4, 2006, retrieved March 11, 2006</ref> as well as prominent politicians from two different parties, Bob Menendez and John Gibson.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/john-gibson John Gibson: U.S. Ports Should Be Off Limits to Foreign Companies] by John Gibson, ''FOXnews.com'', February 24, 2006, retrieved March 11, 2006</ref> Then-Senator Barack Obama stated his opposition to the deal.<ref>[http://obama.senate.gov/press/060221-obama_statement_17/ Barack Obama stated "we're allowing our port security to be outsourced to foreign governments"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131080732/http://obama.senate.gov/press/060221-obama_statement_17/ |date=2008-01-31 }}</ref> So did Senators Carl Levin<ref>[http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=251838 02-23-2006 - Opening Remarks at Senate Armed Services Committee Briefing on Port Security : Senator Carl Levin: News Release<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131104041/http://levin.senate.gov/newsroom/release.cfm?id=251838 |date=2008-01-31 }}</ref> and John Kerry.
The objections commonly raised in public discourse differ from those lodged by Eller & Company, the Florida firm responsible for bringing national attention to the deal. Eller has two joint ventures with P&O and it feared becoming an "involuntary partner of DP World".<ref name="Overby" /> For them, business rather than security or concerns over the approval process were the overriding factors driving their lobbying efforts to sink the deal.
Several additional arguments have circulated among critics of the deal, including:
* Review and approval of the acquisition by CFIUS was not sufficiently transparent and thorough, and never reached the proper level within the administration. * Personal ties between the Bush administration and DP World, such as the appointment of David C. Sanborn to the Transportation Department's Maritime Administration portray a conflict of interest.
===Support=== Editorial support for the deal came from publications including the ''Financial Times'', ''The Wall Street Journal'', the ''Los Angeles Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The Economist'' and commentators including Tony Snow,<ref>[http://www.townhall.com/opinion/columns/tonysnow/2006/02/24/187692.html Tony Snow: It's time for cooler heads to prevail], by Tony Snow, ''townhall.com'', February 24, 2006, retrieved March 11, 2006</ref> Thomas Friedman,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060226214129/http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635187293,00.html Port controversy could widen racial chasm] - Thomas L. Friedman, ''The New York Times'', February 25, 2006</ref> and John Warner.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/26/AR2006022600737.html Dubai Firm Sought U.S. Security Probe], by Jonathan Weisman, ''washingtonpost.com'', February 27, 2006, retrieved March 11, 2006</ref>
Former President Bill Clinton advised top United Arab Emirates officials on how to address growing U.S. concerns over the acquisition<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.ft.com/cms/s/60414c4c-a95e-11da-a64b-0000779e2340.html |title=Bill Clinton helped Dubai on ports deal |date=2006-03-02 |newspaper=Financial Times |author=Stephanie Kirchgaessner }} (subscription required)</ref> but later stated "He told them that he didn't know the details about the deal."{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} In a press conference, his spokesman Jay Carson stated Clinton "felt that any ports deal should be subject to the full scrutiny process and should also take steps to make ports safer, not maintain the status quo."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/02/port.security/index.html |title=Israeli shipper endorses DP World |date=2006-03-03 |publisher=CNN |author=Paula Newton, Phil Hirschkorn and Ed Henry }} (subscription required)</ref> However, his wife Senator Clinton was publicly opposed to the deal. Clarified in the same interview: "Like Senator Clinton and many others, he is concerned about foreign state ownership of our ports, and, to this end, he is supportive of her legislation,"{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} Carson told CNN.
Former Senate Majority Leader and 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole was a special counsel in the Washington office of the law firm Alston & Bird. DP World hired the firm in 2005 to help shepherd its purchase of the British-based firm Peninsular and Oriental.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/US/02/22/wednesday/index.html |title=Dubai company hires Bob Dole to lobby for port deal |date=2006-02-22 |publisher=CNN |author=Andrea Koppel }} (subscription required)</ref> His wife, North Carolina Republican Senator Elizabeth Dole, has also raised questions about the Dubai-based company.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/02/port.security/index.html |title=Israeli shipper endorses DP World |date=2006-03-03 |publisher=CNN |author=Paula Newton, Phil Hirschkorn and Ed Henry }}</ref> The chairman of the North Carolina Democratic Party, Jerry Meek, publicly called on Senator Dole to remove herself from "any congressional oversight" of the Dubai port deal and stated, "The fact that Dubai is paying her husband to help pass the deal presents both a financial and ethical conflict of interest for Senator Dole."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/23/AR2006022301882_pf.html |title=Role of Sen. Dole's Husband at Issue |date=2006-02-24 |newspaper=The Washington Post |author=Jeffrey H. Birnbaum }}</ref>
The Bush administration and other supporters of the deal made the following arguments: * The UAE has proven itself a strategic partner by allowing the U.S. military access to its land, ports and airspace for basing and operations in Iraq and Afghanistan; * The UAE has allied with the U.S. in the Global War On Terror; * Blocking the transfer of operating rights held by a British firm to an Arab firm appears discriminatory against Arabs; * Security would remain a government responsibility as always, and performed by the United States Coast Guard and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Israel's largest container shipping firm, Zim Integrated Shipping Services, came out in support of the deal. :"During our long association with DP World, we have not experienced a single security issue in these ports or in any of the terminals operated by DP World... We are proud to be associated with DP World and look forward to working with them into the future." ''Zim Integrated Shipping Services Chairman of the Board, and main shareholder, Idan Ofer, February 22, 2006.''<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/03/02/port.security/index.html |title= Israeli shipper endorses DP World |date=2006-03-03 |access-date=2006-07-02 |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2006/images/03/02/zim.letter.final.pdf |title= Letter sent to Clinton |date=2006-02-22 |access-date=2006-07-02 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>
The controversy came shortly after the World Trade Organization's Doha Round of global trade talks. At which many member states called for the U.S. to open up its ports to international competition, in the same way that other industrialized nations have pushed poorer countries into opening up their service sectors (e.g. water, telecoms, etc.)<ref name="Beattie">{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d2052790-ac8d-11da-8226-0000779e2340.html#axzz26iU18wn1|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211181226/https://www.ft.com/content/d2052790-ac8d-11da-8226-0000779e2340#axzz26iU18wn1|archive-date=December 11, 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Trading partners request access to US ports - FT.com|last=Beattie|first=Alan|date=March 5, 2006|work=Financial Times|access-date=21 September 2012}}</ref>
==Aftermath== In 2018, another UAE-based port operator, Gulftainer, won 50-year exclusive rights to operate and develop a port in the U.S. state of Delaware.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/gulftainer-subsidiary-wins-50-year-us-port-concession-1.717579|title=Gulftainer subsidiary wins 50-year US port concession |work=The National|date=31 March 2018}}</ref> The deal was seen as a breakthrough in UAE–US business relationships and that the "tide has turned" for UAE investors who wish to invest in the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1377236|title=Gulftainer port deal shows tide has turned for UAE business in US|newspaper=Arab News|date=24 September 2018}}</ref>
==See also== * List of North American ports * United States Coast Guard – Port and Waterways Security * Supply-chain security
==References== {{reflist|30em}}
==External links== *[http://www.washtimes.com/national/20060222-122115-8912r.htm Security fears about infiltration by terrorists] - Bill Gertz, ''Washington Times'', February 22, 2006 *[http://www.upi.com/SecurityTerrorism/view.php?StoryID=20060223-051657-4981r UAE terminal takeover extends to 21 ports] - UPI 2/24/2006 *[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/2006/February%20Dailies/Dubai%20Ports.htm Dubai ports] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303071123/http://www.rasmussenreports.com/2006/February%20Dailies/Dubai%20Ports.htm |date=March 3, 2006 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20060322074331/http://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/fs/2006/61914.htm The United States–UAE Bilateral Relationship] {{Dubai World}} {{United Arab Emirates–United States relations}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dubai Ports World Controversy}} Category:George W. Bush administration controversies Category:History of Dubai Category:2006 in the United Arab Emirates Category:2006 in the United States Category:United Arab Emirates–United States relations Category:2000s in Dubai