Danzig (region)

{{Short description|Former region in Prussia}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Danzig | native_name = Regierungsbezirk Danzig | native_name_lang = de | settlement_type = Region | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates =  | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_type = | coordinates_footnotes = | coordinates_region = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Prussia (since 1871 part of Germany) | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = West Prussia (till 1829 and after 1878) Province of Prussia (1829-1878) | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = 1815 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = Danzig | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric   | area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes =  | area_rural_footnotes =  | area_metro_footnotes =  | area_magnitude =  | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title =  | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 =  | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website =  | footnotes = }}

[[file:Prusy Zachodnie de.svg|thumb|right|300px|Administrative regions of West Prussia: {{legend|#FFAAAA|Regierungsbezirk Danzig}} {{legend|#AACCFF|Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder}}]]

The '''Danzig Region''' (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) was a ''government region'', within the Prussian Provinces of West Prussia and Prussia. The regional capital was Danzig (Gdańsk).<ref>German article of Danzig Region</ref> Prussian government regions were not bodies of regional self-rule of the districts and cities comprised, but shear top-to-down government agencies to apply federal or state law and supervise local entities of self-rules, such as municipalities, rural and urban districts.<ref>Unlike regions in Alsace-Lorraine, Bavaria and the Palatinate, which are of double nature, government agencies and bodies of districts' and cities' self-rule represented by elected bodies.</ref>

==History== Polish westerly Royal Prussia was annexed by the easterly Kingdom of Prussia during the late 18th century Partitions of Poland, with the city of Danzig becoming part of the Prussian Kingdom in 1793. The territory was administered in the new province of West Prussia (1772-1829, 1878-1920) and the new Province of Prussia (1829-1878).

In 1815, after the Napoleonic Wars, West Prussia was divided into the Regions of Marienwerder and Danzig. While the governor and provincial authorities were based in Danzig, the {{ill|Marienwerder Supreme Court|lt=provincial court|de|Oberlandesgericht Marienwerder}} was in the town of Marienwerder in West Prussia (Kwidzyn).

West Prussia was reorganised into districts (Kreise) within each government region from 1815–18. The Danzig Region included the urban districts (''Stadtkreise'') of Danzig and Elbing (Elbląg) (since 1874), as well as the rural districts of {{ill|Berent (district)|lt=Berent|pl|Powiat Berent}}, {{ill|Danzig-Land (district)|lt=Danzig-Land|pl|Powiat Danzig}}, {{ill|Elbing-Land (district)|lt=Elbing-Land|pl|Powiat Elbing}}, Karthaus, Marienburg, {{ill|Neustadt in West Prussia (district)|lt=Neustadt|pl|Powiat Neustadt i. Westpr.}}, and {{ill|Preußisch Stargard (district)|lt=Preußisch Stargard|pl|Powiat Preußisch Stargard}}.

In 1887 a number of districts changed in the Danzig Region. The rural district of Danzig was divided into the rural districts of Danziger Höhe (Danzig Heights) and {{ill|Danziger Niederung|lt=Danziger Niederung (Danzig Lowlands)|pl|Powiat Danziger Niederung}}; the seats of each district were in the city of Danzig. Two more new districts were formed, the southern parts of the former Danzig District became part of the new Dirschau District. The northern areas of the Neustadt District were partitioned off to form the new {{ill|Putzig (district)|lt=Putzig|pl|Powiat Putzig}}.

As a result of World War I, the Treaty of Versailles allocated most of West Prussia to the Second Polish Republic, and the Danzig Region was dissolved in 1920. The city of Danzig and its environs became the Free City of Danzig. A few eastern areas of the Danzig Region remained in the Free State of Prussia in Weimar Germany, however. In 1920 the rural districts of Elbing and Marienburg in West Prussia as well as the city of Elbing were added to the truncated Marienwerder Region, which in 1922 was renamed as ''West Prussia Region'' for reason of tradition when it was transferred from the defunct Province of West Prussia to the Province of East Prussia.

==Districts==

===Urban districts=== Danzig formed an urban district from the beginning, Elbing reached that status in 1874 and was thus partitioned from Elbing Rural District, and several times enlarged on the expense of the surrounding rural district.

# 1818-1920: Stadtkreis Danzig (Gdańsk);<ref>Since 1945 the official name of the city is Gdańsk.</ref> thereafter persisting as urban district within Free Danzig # 1874-1920: Stadtkreis Elbing (Elbląg);<ref>Before the existence as urban district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, and since 1945 the official name of the town is Elbląg.</ref> thereafter persisting till 1945 as an urban district in Germany

===Rural districts=== The period when a district formed part of the Danzig Region is indicated by the years before the district names.

# 1818-1920: Berent, seated in Berent in West Prussia (Kościerzyna);<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Kościerzyna.</ref> # 1818-1887: {{ill|Danzig-Land (district)|lt=Danzig-Land|de|Landkreis Danzig}}, seat: Russoschin (till 1828), Praust (till 1845), then Danzig; partitioned into the new districts of Danzig Heights, Lowlands and Dirschau # 1887-1920: Danziger Höhe (Heights), seat: Danzig; the district persisted till 1939 as part of Free Danzig # 1887-1920: {{ill|Danziger Niederung|lt=Danziger Niederung (Lowlands)|de|Kreis Danziger Niederung}}, seat: Danzig; the district persisted till 1939 as part of Free Danzig # 1772–1818, 1887-1920: Dirschau, seat: Dirschau (Tczew)<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, 1807–1815, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Tczew.</ref> # 1818-1920: {{ill|Elbing-Land (district)|lt=Elbing-Land|de|Landkreis Elbing}}, seat: Elbing; persisting till 1945 as a rural district in Germany, with its area west of the Nogat ceded to the new {{ill|Großes Werder|lt=Großes Werder district|de|Kreis Großes Werder|}} in Free Danzig # 1818-1920: Karthaus, seat: Carthaus/Karthaus in West Prussia (Kartuzy)<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Kartuzy.</ref> # 1818-1920: Marienburg, seat: Marienburg (Malbork);<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, and since 1945 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Malbork.</ref> persisting till 1945 as a rural district in Germany, with its area west of the Nogat ceded to Großes Werder district in Free Danzig # 1818-1920: Neustadt, seat: Neustadt (Wejherowo)<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1643–1772, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Wejherowo.</ref> # 1772-1920: Preußisch Stargard, seat: Preußisch Stargard (Starogard Gdański)<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, 1807–1815, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Starogard (Gdański).</ref> # 1887-1920: {{ill|Putzig (district)|lt=Putzig|de|Kreis Putzig}}, seated in Putzig (Puck);<ref>Before the existence of the district and thereafter, between 1466–1772, and since 1920 the official name of the town, at times forming the district capital, is Puck.</ref> the district was partitioned from the Neustadt District, northern part

== Demographics == The Danzig region had a German majority population with significant minorities of Poles and Kashubians.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ethnolinguistic Structure of Regierungsbezirk Danzig (1910)<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Belzyt|first=Leszek|url=https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/2MNSRPSZ4WBMIQWRISVXHHOBZCD2P2N6|title=Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar|date=1998|publisher=Herder-Inst.|isbn=978-3-87969-267-5|location=Marburg}}</ref> !District (Kreis) !Polish name !Population !German !% !Polish / Kashubian / Bilingual !% |- |Berent |Kościerzyna |55,976 |23,682 |42.3% |32,287 |57.7% |- |Danziger Höhe |Gdańsk |53,506 |47,397 |88.6% |6,071 |11.3% |- |Danziger Niederung |Gdańsk |36,345 |36,008 |99.1% |327 |0.9% |- |Stadtkreis Danzig |Gdańsk |170,337 |164,343 |96.5% |5,521 |3.2% |- |Landkreis Elbing |Elbląg |38,611 |38,558 |99.9% |48 |0.1% |- |Stadtkreis Elbing |Elbląg |58,636 |58,330 |99.5% |248 |0.4% |- |Karthaus |Kartuzy |69,891 |19,319 |27.6% |50,568 |72.4% |- |Marienburg |Malbork |62,999 |61,050 |96.9% |1,924 |3.1% |- |Neustadt |Wejherowo |61,620 |30,932 |50.2% |30,661 |49.8% |- |Putzig |Puck |26,548 |7,970 |30.0% |18,561 |69.9% |- |Preußisch Stargard |Starogard Gdański |65,427 |17,165 |26.2% |48,250 |73.7% |- |Dirschau |Tczew |42,723 |27,865 |65.2% |14,846 |34.7% |- |'''Total''' |'''-''' |'''742,619''' |'''532,619''' |'''71.7%''' |'''209,312''' |'''28.2%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Demographic evolution of the Danzig Region (1837-1910)''' !Year !Population !German !% !Polish / Kashubian / Bilingual !% |- |'''1837''' |341,975 |217,582 |63.6% |124,393 |36.4% |- |'''1852''' |417,108 |266,001 |63.8% |151,107 |36.2% |- |'''1890''' |589,176 |421,125 |71.5% |167,642 |28.5% |- |'''1900''' |665,988 |477,589 |71.7% |187,578 |28.2% |- |'''1905''' |709,312 |511,423 |72.1% |197,295 |27.8% |- |'''1910''' |742,619 |532,619 |71.7% |209,312 |28.2% |}

==District presidents== thumb|right|Seat of the Government of Danzig Each of the nineteen ''Regierungsbezirke'' featured a non-legislative governing body called a ''Regierungspräsidium'' or ''Bezirksregierung'' (district government) headed by a ''Regierungspräsident'' (district president), concerned mostly with administrative decisions on a local level for districts within its jurisdiction.<ref>[http://www.hanse-passage.net/hansepassage/hpcms/uploads/_presentation%2520analysis.ppt Regional Governments in France, Germany, Poland and The Netherlands (HTML version of PowerPoint presentation)] – Cachet, A (coordinator), Erasmus University, Rotterdam{{dead link|date=September 2011}}</ref> {| |width="20%" valign="top" | : 1816–1819: Theodor von Schön (1773–1856) : 1819–1825: Theodor Nicolovius (1768–1831) : 1825–1840: Johann Carl Rothe (1771–1853)<ref>Barbara Dettke: ''Die asiatische Hydra: Die Cholera von 1830/31 in Berlin und den preußischen Provinzen, Posen, Preußen und Schlesien''. De Gruyter, Berlin 1995, {{ISBN|3-11-014493-X}}, S. 102. ([https://books.google.com/books?id=LrbnBQAAQBAJ&dq=Rothe+1771+1853&pg=PA102 eingeschränkte Vorschau] bei Google Book Search).</ref> : 1841–1863: Robert von Blumenthal (1806–1892) : 1863–1868: Robert von Prittwitz und Gaffron (1806–1889) : 1868–1876: Gustav von Diest (1826–1911) : 1876–1878: Otto von Hoffmann (1833–1905) |width="20%" valign="top" | : 1878–1881: Heinrich von Achenbach (1829–1899) : 1881–1883: Wilhelm von Saltzwedel (1820–1882) : 1883–1887: Anton Rothe (1837–1905) : 1887–1890: Adolf von Heppe (1836–1899) : 1890–1902: Friedrich von Holwede (1841–1921) : 1902–1909: Jaroslaw von Jarotzky (1851–1928) : 1909–1918: Lothar Foerster (1865–1939) |}

== Notes == {{reflist}}

== References == * Georg Hassel. ''Vollständige und neueste Erdbeschreibung der Preußischen Monarchie und des Freistaates Krakau''. Weimar, 1819, pp. 577–586 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=AOIBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA577 online]). * H. Oelrichs. ''Statistische Mitteilungen über den Regierungsbezirk Danzig''. Danzig, 1867 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=Siw_AAAAcAAJ online]).

Category:1920 disestablishments Category:West Prussia Category:Government regions of Prussia Region Category:States and territories established in 1815 Category:1815 establishments in Prussia