Daniel Hanbury

{{Short description|British botanist and pharmacologist (1825–1875)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}} {{Use British English|date=August 2013}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Daniel Hanbury | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Daniel Hanbury.jpg | image_size = 250px | alt = | caption = Portrait of Daniel Hanbury, from ''Hortus Mortolensis'', 1912 | birth_date = 11 September 1825 | birth_place = Clapham, Surrey | death_date = {{death-date and age|24 March 1875|11 September 1825}} | death_place = Clapham | resting_place = Quaker burial ground, Wandsworth | resting_place_coordinates =  | other_names = | citizenship = | fields = pharmacology, botany, pharmacognosy | workplaces = London, La Mortola | alma_mater = Pharmaceutical Society | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = Giardini Botanici Hanbury, La Mortola | author_abbrev_bot = D.Hanb | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature =  | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = | spouse = | children = }} '''Daniel Hanbury''' FRS (11 September 1825 – 24 March 1875) was a British botanist and pharmacologist. He was an early student of pharmacognosy, the study of the medicinal applications of nature, principally of plants.{{r|dnb}}

== Life ==

Hanbury was born on 11 September 1825 in Clapham, at that time in Surrey, the eldest son of Daniel Bell Hanbury, a Quaker pharmacist, and his wife Rachel, ''née'' Christy. He went to Clapham Grammar School in 1833, and in 1841 started work at his father's firm, Allen & Hanbury's in the City of London. In 1857 he completed his training in pharmaceutical chemistry at the Pharmaceutical Society.{{r|dnb|kew}} While there he had come into contact with pharmacist-botanists including Jacob Bell, Jonathan Pereira and Theophilus Redwood, and had become interested both in botany and in pharmacognosy, the knowledge of medicines, and particularly of their geographical and botanical origins.{{r|dnb}}

Hanbury never married, was a vegetarian, and – like many of his Victorian contemporaries – opposed the use of alcohol and tobacco.

He retired from business in 1870, and in 1874, in partnership with the Swiss botanist Friedrich August Flückiger, published his ''Pharmacographia''.{{r|dnb}} He died on 24 March 1875 in Clapham of typhoid fever, and was buried in the burial ground of the Society of Friends at Wandsworth.{{r|dnb}}

==Work== Hanbury's extensive knowledge of the world's botany was based on years of study, collecting and travel – trips to the Middle East and throughout Europe were supplemented by extensive correspondence with colleagues throughout the world. He was an essential partner to his brother, Sir Thomas Hanbury, in selecting specimens for and establishing the Giardini Botanici Hanbury at La Mortola, now maintained by the University of Genoa. On his death, Sir Thomas donated his brother's entire botanical cabinet collection to Kew Gardens,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/royal-pharmaceutical-society-collection/hanbury-herbarium-and-collection/ |title=The Hanbury Herbarium at Kew Gardens |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629205906/http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/royal-pharmaceutical-society-collection/hanbury-herbarium-and-collection/ |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it is now part of the Economic Botany Collection.

Hanbury's first published contribution, in volume 1 of the ''Transactions of the Pharmaceutical Society'', was published soon after starting his work. It was followed, regularly, by a stream of articles and papers describing the pharmacological applications of various plants, insects, and chemicals, and published in such distinguished sources as the ''Pharmaceutical Journal'' and the ''Transactions of the Linnean Society''.

During his career he was president of the British Pharmaceutical Conference, botanical examiner of the Board of Examiners of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (1860–1872; elected member 1857<ref>"Memoir of Daniel Hanbury" published in his ''Science Papers ...'' (p. [3]-40)</ref>), and in several other major professional capacities. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1867.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27hanbury%27%29 |title=Library and Archive Catalogue |publisher=Royal Society |accessdate=2012-03-09 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1858 Berthold Carl Seemann named the ''Hanburia'' genus of South American plants in the Cucurbitaceae after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hanburia'' Seem. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13301-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2021}}

== Publications == Hanbury's published works include: * ''Pharmacographia; A History of the Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India'' (1874) (1879 edition revised by Friedrich Flückiger){{r|kew}} *''Science Papers, Chiefly Pharmacological and Botanical'' (1876), a compendium of his papers, articles and journal contributions. {{botanist|D.Hanb.|Hanbury, Daniel}}

== References == {{Commons category}} <references>

<ref name=dnb>{{cite ODNB | url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12179 | isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12179 | title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | date=2004 }}</ref>

<ref name=kew>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629210009/http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/daniel-hanbury/index.html Daniel Hanbury]. Economic Botany Collection, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived 29 June 2011.</ref>

</references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanbury}} Category:1825 births Category:1875 deaths Category:Pharmacists from London Category:British pharmacologists Category:Deaths from typhoid fever in England Category:19th-century English people Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Category:Pharmacognosists Category:British fellows of the Royal Society Category:19th-century English botanists