{{Short description|Mineral classification}} '''Dana's classification'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dana Classification |url=https://www.webmineral.com/danaclass.shtml |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.webmineral.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dana |first=J. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0U7LckegaYC&pg=PR7 |title=Manual of Mineralogy ... |date= |publisher=Durrie & Peck |year=2022 |isbn=9781418159153 |edition=7th |language=en |orig-year=1855}}</ref> is a mineral classification developed by James Dwight Dana. It is based on the chemical composition and structure of minerals. It is mainly used in English-speaking countries, especially in the United States.
The mineral classification used by the International Mineralogical Association is the Nickel-Strunz classification.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical Structural Mineral Classification System |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geolmag/article-abstract/140/3/368/65453/Strunz-H-amp-Nickel-E-H-2002-Strunz-Mineralogical |access-date=2024-03-21 |journal=Geological Magazine|date=May 2003 |volume=140 |issue=3 |pages=368–369 |doi=10.1017/S0016756803418025 |last1=Pring |first1=Allan |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Strunz |first1=Hugo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ik4SAQAAIAAJ |title=Strunz Mineralogical Tables: Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System |last2=Nickel |first2=Ernest H. |date=2001 |publisher=Schweizerbart |isbn=978-3-510-65188-7 |language=en}}</ref> ==History== The classification of minerals was based on chemical composition by Dana in the fourth edition (1854, in two volumes) of his book System of Mineralogy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dana |first=James Dwight |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_U8JAAAAIAAJ&q=%22System+of+Mineralogy%22+Dana+1837 |title=A System of Mineralogy: Including an Extended Treatise on Crystallography: with an Appendix, Containing the Application of Mathematics to Crystallographic Investigation, and a Mineralogical Bibliography ... |date=1837 |publisher=Durrie & Peck and Herrick & Noyes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dana |first=James Dwight |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8pANFuAKq5cC&pg=PR12 |title=A System of Mineralogy: Descriptive Mineralogy, Comprising the Most Recent Discoveries |date=1868 |publisher=J. Wiley & Son |language=en}}</ref> For the 20th century, this classification was completed thanks to scientific progress, particularly in the field of crystallography. In 1941, Karl Hugo Strunz used it to construct his classification. Dana's original classification was further developed, and a new classification was published in 1997.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Dana's new mineralogy |date=1997 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-19310-4 |editor-last=Gaines |editor-first=Richard V. |edition=8., ed. entirely rewritten and greatly enl |location=New York, NY |editor-last2=Dana |editor-first2=James Dwight |editor-last3=Dana |editor-first3=Edward Salisbury}}</ref> ==Classification structure== Minerals are arranged in a hierarchical system. Each mineral has a classification number, made up of four numbers separated by dots, enabling unambiguous identification even when minerals are known by several names (synonymy). The first number represents the mineral class. The second number represents the mineral type, in some cases taking into account its atomic structure. The third number represents a group of minerals of similar structure. The fourth number gives the unambiguous identification of the mineral.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Dana Classification Number |url=http://www.webmineral.com/help/DanaClass.shtml |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.webmineral.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mineral Classification - Sternberg Museum of Natureal History |url=https://sternberg.fhsu.edu/research-collections/geology/mineral-classification-page.html |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=sternberg.fhsu.edu |language=en}}</ref> ==Example== Kieserite group.
* 29. Acidic and normal hydrated sulfates ** 29.06.: acid and normal hydrated sulfates of the formula AXO<sub>4</sub>-x(H<sub>2</sub>O) *** 29.06.02.: kieserite group (monohydrates) **** 29.06.02.01.: kieserite MgSO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group C2/c **** 29.06.02.02.: szomolnokite FeSO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group ''A2/a'' **** 29.06.02.03.: szmikite MnSO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group ''A2/a'' **** 29.06.02.04.: povinite (Cu,Fe,Zn)SO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group ''P1'' **** 29.06.02.05.: gunningite (Zn,Mn)SO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group ''A2/a'' **** 29.06.02.06.: dwornikite (Ni,Fe)SO<sub>4</sub>-(H<sub>2</sub>O), space group C2/c **** 29.06.02.07.: cobaltkieserite CoSO<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O, space group C2/c
== Mineral classes == {| class="wikitable" |+ |Elements |Chemical element |- |'''Sulfides and sulfosalts''' | * 01. Sulfides * 02. Sulfosalts |- |'''Oxides and hydroxides''' | * 04. Basic Oxides * 05. Oxides containing uranium and thorium * 06. Hydroxides and oxides containing hydroxylation * 07. Multiple oxides * 08. Multiple oxides containing niobium, tantalum and/or titanium |- |'''Halides''' | * 09. Halogenides * 10. Oxyhalides and hydroxyhalides<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas |url=https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Mineral-Class-Viewer?lang=de |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=www.mineralienatlas.de |language=en}}</ref> * 11. Complex halides - aluminofluorides * 12. Compound halogenides |- |'''Carbonates, nitrates'''
'''and borates''' | * 13. Acid carbonates
* 14. Non-hydrated normal carbonate * 15. Normal hydrated carbonate * 16a. Carbonate containing hydroxyl anion or halogen * 16b. Carbonate containing hydroxyl anion or halogen * 17. Compound carbonates * 18. Simple nitrate * 19. Nitrates containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 20. Compound nitrate * 21. Non-hydrated and hydrated iodate * 22. Iodates containing hydroxyl anion or halogen * 23. Compound iodate * 24. Non-hydrated borate * 25. Non-hydrated borate containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 26. Hydrated borate containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 27. Compound borate |- |'''Sulfates, chromates''' '''and molybdates''' | * 28. Acidic and normal non-hydrated sulfates * 29. Acid and normal hydrated sulfates * 30. Non-hydrated sulfates containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 31. Hydrated sulfates containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 32. Compound sulfates * 33. Selenates and telluratess * 34. Selenites, tellurites and sulfites * 35. Non-hydrated chromates * 36. Hydrated chromates |- |'''Phosphates, arsenates''' '''and vanadates''' | * 37. Non-hydrated acid phosphates * 38. Non-hydrated normal phosphates * 39. Acid phosphates, hydrated * 40. Normal phosphates, hydrated * 41. Non-hydrated phosphates containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 42. Hydrated phosphates containing hydroxyl anion or halogens * 43. Compound phosphates * 44. Antimoniates * 45. Acid and normal antimonites, arsenites, and phosphites * 46. Basic or halogen-containing antimonites, arsenites, and phosphites * 47. Vanadium oxysalts * 48. Molybdates and tungstates * 49. Basic and hydrated molybdates and tungstates |- |'''Organic minerals''' | * 50. Organic minerals |- |'''Silicates and germanates''' | |- | * Nesosilicates | * 51. Nesosilicates containing only isolated [SiO<sub>4</sub>] tetrahedral groups * 52. Groups of [SiO<sub>4</sub>] tetrahedra with O, OH, F, and H<sub>2</sub>O * 53. Groups of [SiO<sub>4</sub>] tetrahedra with other anions or complex cations * 54. Borosilicates and some beryllosilicates with [BO<sub>3</sub>]. |- | * Sorosilicates | * 55. Groups Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, generally without additional anion * 56. Groups Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> with O, OH, F, and H<sub>2</sub>O * 57. Insular (Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>) and larger non-cyclic groups with Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub> * 58. Insular, mixed, isolated, and larger tetrahedral groups |- | * Cyclosilicates | * 59. Three-membered rings [Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>]. * 60. Four-membered rings [Si<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>]. * 61. Six-membered rings [Si<sub>6</sub>O18]. * 62. Eight-membered rings [Si<sub>8</sub>O<sub>24</sub>]. * 63. Cyclosilicates with condensed rings * 64. Rings with other anions and isolated [SiO<sub>4</sub>] groups |- | * Inosilicates | * 65. Unbranched simple chains, periodicity W=1 * 66. Unbranched double chains, periodicity W=2 * 67. Unbranched chains, periodicity W > 2 * 68. Structures with variable chain widths * 69. Chains branched to other chains or loops * 70. Tubular or columnar structures |- | * Phyllosilicates | * 71. Six-member ring layers * 72. Infinite layers without six-member rings * 73. Condensed tetrahedron layers * 74. Modulated layers |- | * Tectosilicates | * 75. Tectosilicates * 76. Aluminum and silicon networks * 77. Zeolite group |- | * Unclassified silicates | * 78. Unclassified silicates |}
== See also == {{Portal|Minerals}} * James Dwight Dana * Mineral * Nickel–Strunz classification * Crystallography
== References == <references />
{{Minerals}} {{Strunz}}
Category:Minerals Category:Classification systems