Dağlıca, Yüksekova

{{Short description|Village in Hakkari Province, Turkey}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}} {{Use British English|date=December 2022}} {{Infobox Turkey place|type=village|name=Dağlıca|province=Hakkâri|district=Yüksekova|seat=|population_total=570|population_as_of=2023|coordinates={{Coord|37.373|44.085|display=inline,title}}|population_footnotes=<ref name="tuik" />}} '''Dağlıca''' ({{Langx|ku|Oremar}};<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 January 2021 |title=Yüksekova köylerinin Kürtçe, Türkçe ve Eski isimleri |url=https://www.yuksekovahaber.com.tr/haber/yuksekova-koylerinin-kurtce-turkce-ve-eski-isimleri-241561.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312123304/https://www.yuksekovahaber.com.tr/haber/yuksekova-koylerinin-kurtce-turkce-ve-eski-isimleri-241561.htm |archive-date=12 March 2023 |access-date=16 July 2024 |language=tr}}</ref> {{langx|syr|Oramar}}{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=300}}) is a village in [[Yüksekova District]] of [[Hakkâri Province]] in southeastern [[Turkey]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri Envanteri |url=https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı |language=tr |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306001414/https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is located by the river Oramar ({{langx|tr|Rubarişin Çayı}}),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geonames.org/9806576/rubarisin%20cayi.html|title=Rubarişin Çayı, Turkey|access-date=15 May 2020|website=GeoNames}}</ref> a tributary of the [[Great Zab]]. The village is populated by [[Kurds]] of the [[Kurdish tribes|Oramar tribe]] and had a population of 570 in 2023.{{sfnp|Andrews|Benninghaus|1989|p=218}}<ref name=tuik/>

Dağlıca has the [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]] of Akar, Avasan, Beğendik, Bozkaya ({{Lang|ku|Awitxêr}}), Demirli, Genişdere ({{Lang|ku|Çeman}}), Gökağaç, İncirlik ({{Lang|ku|Firavînk}}), Köyiçi, Ortaklar ({{Lang|ku|Çemparîzan}}), Sivrice and Üçkardeş ({{Lang|ku|Zîrî}}) attached to the village.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yüksekova köylerinin Kürtçe, Türkçe ve Eski isimleri |url=https://www.yuksekovahaber.com.tr/haber/yuksekova-koylerinin-kurtce-turkce-ve-eski-isimleri-241561.htm |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=Yüksekova Haber |language=tr}}</ref> The unpopulated village of İkiyaka ({{Lang|ku|Sat}}) and its likewise unpopulated four hamlets of Berkevi ({{Lang|ku|Berkevî}}), Molya Yasin ({{Lang|ku|Molya Yasîn}}), Rezuk and Gundi juri ({{Lang|ku|Gundê jorî}}) are situated southeast of Dağlıca.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

There were [[Church of the East]] churches of [[Mar (title)|Mar]] [[Mammes of Caesarea|Mamo]] and Mar Daniel situated in the village.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=301}}

==History== According to local tradition, Mar Mamo fled persecution and became a hermit at Oramar.{{sfnp|Dickson|1910|p=375}} Mamo collected all snakes in the region and placed them in a pit, upon which he constructed a sanctuary, and it was believed it could heal snake and dog bites, as well as scorpion stings.{{sfnp|Dickson|1910|p=375}} The church of Mar Mamo was constructed in the 4th century.{{sfnp|Yacoub|2016|p=161}} It has been suggested that it was built on the site of a pre-Christian shrine.{{sfnp|Wigram|1916|p=55}} Oramar was formerly exclusively inhabited by Assyrians,{{sfnp|Wigram|1916|p=55}} who were ''rayets'' (vassals) of the ''ashiret'' (free men) [[Jilu]] clan.{{sfnp|Yacoub|2016|p=239}}

Most of the Assyrian population in the village was forcibly supplanted by Kurds,{{sfnp|Wigram|1916|p=55}} and the church of Mar Daniel was converted into a mosque at the end of the 19th century.{{sfnp|Nikitin|1995|pp=175–176}} Oramar was the seat of a [[kaza]] in the [[sanjak]] of Hakkari in the [[Van Vilayet|vilayet of Van]], which was inhabited by 14,000 [[Kurds]], 11,040 [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], and 870 [[Turkish people|Turks]] in 1900, for a total of 25,910 people.{{sfnp|Wilmshurst|2000|p=285}} At that time, 400 people inhabited the village,{{sfnp|Hakobyan|Melik-Bakhshyan|Barseghyan|2001|p=493}} including 40 Assyrians who belonged to the Church of the East and were served by the diocese of Jilu.{{sfnm|Wilmshurst|2000|1p=300|Yacoub|2016|2p=239}}

By the time of the [[Sayfo]] during the [[First World War]], the village was controlled by Suto, ''[[agha (title)|agha]]'' (chief) of the Kurdish Oramar tribe, who actively participated in the mass slaughter of Assyrian Christians in the region,{{sfnp|Yacoub|2016|p=164}} and used Oramar as his headquarters.{{sfnp|Werda|1924|pp=29-30}} However, he spared the Assyrians in the village as they were responsible for the maintenance of the church of Mar Mamo, which was considered sacred by the Kurds also, and it was feared the snakes would return if the priests or the church were harmed.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2001/7.16.01/index.php|title=Literatus: A Sentimental Journey|magazine=Zinda|volume=7|issue=18|date=16 July 2001|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref>

The Assyrians retaliated against Suto and, in early September 1917, he was besieged at Oramar by an army led by [[Agha Petros]] whilst an army led by the brother of the [[Patriarch of the Church of the East]] [[Shimun XIX Benyamin]] attacked from another direction, killing 16 and capturing 30 Kurds, and suffered one death and two wounded.{{sfnp|Werda|1924|pp=29-30}} The village had fallen to the Assyrian forces by the time an additional force led by the patriarch arrived, but Suto and a number of Kurds fled to Nervi.{{sfnp|Werda|1924|pp=29-30}} Assyrian women who had been held captive by Suto were released from his [[harem]], and Assyrian forces under the patriarch's command pursued Suto westward whilst Agha Petros marched east.{{sfnp|Werda|1924|pp=29-30}}

== Population == Population history from 1997 to 2023:<ref name="TÜİK1997">{{Cite web | url = https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | title = 1997 Population Count | date = 1999 | publisher = [[Turkish Statistical Institute]] | language = Turkish | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221030113057/https://kutuphane.tuik.gov.tr/pdf/0014235.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2022 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=tuik>{{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population Of Municipalities, Villages And Quarters|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute|TÜİK]] |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> {{Historical populations |1997|1227 |2007|632 |2012|1471 |2017|1161 |2022|628 |2023|570 |title=Population|align=none}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Bibliography== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * {{Cite book |title=Ethnic Groups in the Republic of Turkey |date=1989|last1=Andrews|first1=Peter Alfred|last2=Benninghaus |first2=Rüdiger|publisher=Reichert}} * {{cite journal|first1= Bertram|last1= Dickson|title=Journeys in Kurdistan|date=1910|journal=The Geographical Journal|volume=35|number=4|pages=357–378|publisher=Royal Geographical Society|doi= 10.2307/1777016|jstor= 1777016}} * {{cite book | last1 =Hakobyan| first1 =Tʻadevos Khachʻaturi|last2 =Melik-Bakhshyan| first2=Stepʻan Tigrani|last3 =Barseghyan| first3=Hovhannes Khachʻaturi|date=2001|title=Հայաստանի եւ հարակից շրջանների տեղանունների բառարան|publisher=Yerevan University Press|language=Armenian|volume=5|url=http://www.nayiri.com/imagedDictionaryBrowser.jsp?dictionaryId=61&dt=HY_HY&pageNumber=4391|accessdate=15 May 2020}} * {{cite encyclopedia | article =Oramar| last1 = Nikitin| first1 =Basil |encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam|edition=2nd|volume=8|year = 1995|pages=175–176|publisher=Brill Publishers|authorlink=Basil Nikitin}} * {{cite book | last1 =Werda| first1 =Joel E.|date=1924|title=The Flickering Light of Asia or The Assyrian Nation and Church|url=http://www.aina.org/books/fla/fla.pdf|accessdate=15 May 2020}} * {{cite journal|first1= Edgar T. A. |last1= Wigram|title=The Ashirét Highlands of Hakkiari (Mesopotamia)|date=1916|journal=Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society|volume=3|number=2–3|pages=40–59|doi= 10.1080/03068371608724740|url= https://zenodo.org/record/2378181}} * {{cite book | last1 =Wilmshurst| first1 =David|date=2000|title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913|publisher=Peeters Publishers}} * {{cite book | last1 =Yacoub| first1 =Joseph |date=2016|title=Year of the Sword: The Assyrian Christian Genocide, A History|publisher=Oxford University Press|translator=James Ferguson}} {{div col end}}

[[Category:Villages in Yüksekova District]] [[Category:Kurdish settlements in Hakkâri Province]] [[Category:Historic Assyrian communities in Hakkâri Province]] [[Category:Places of the Sayfo]]