Drilliidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Drilliidae | image = Cymatosyrinx parciplicata 003.jpg | image_caption = An apertural view of a shell of ''Cymatosyrinx parciplicata'' | authority = Olsson, 1964 | synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" /> | synonyms = Clavidae Casey, 1904 (''non'' McCrady, 1859: preoccupied) | type_genus = | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''See text'' }}

The '''Drilliidae''' are a taxonomic family of small predatory sea snails with high-spired shells. They are classified as marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bouchet, P. |author2=Rocroi, J.-P. | year = 2005 | title = Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families | journal = Malacologia | volume =47 | issue = 1–2 | pages = | issn = | doi = }}</ref>

This family has no subfamilies. It consists of about 30 genera and approximately 500 recent species.

==Description== The shell is claviform with a tall spire, or squatly conical to biconical. In many species, the siphonal canal is truncated. The aperture is U-shaped with a parietal callus pad.

The sculpture of the shell shows prominent axial ribs with a polished surface. Most species have a dorsal varix (transverse elevation), except in the genera ''Cymatosyrinx'', ''Elaeocyma'' and ''Splendrillia''. The protoconch can be smooth or very carinate. The ovate operculum has a terminal nucleus.<ref name="Cheng">[http://s190418054.onlinehome.us/Portal/Turrids/Turrid03.pdf Chen-Kwoh Chang, ''Small Turrids of Taiwan'', Chapter 3, History and Taxonomy of the Clavidae; June 1, 2001]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The radula of the species in this family have characteristically five teeth in each row (formula: 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) with a vestigial central tooth, comb-like lateral teeth and a pair of flat-pointed, slender marginal teeth.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kantor|first=Yuri I|author2=John D.Taylor|year=2000|title=Formation of marginal radular teeth in Conoidea (Neogastropoda) and the evolution of the hypodermic envenomation mechanism|journal=Journal of Zoology|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=252|issue=2|pages=251–262|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00620.x}}</ref>

The foregut structure of the anterior alimentary system has the least derived foregut anatomy of all the families in the superfamily Conoidea.<ref name="Morton">[https://books.google.com/books?id=1MQIiFQ8xBwC&dq=Drilliidae&pg=PA101 Brian Morton, The Malacofauna of Hong Kong and southern China]</ref>

==Distribution== This family has wide distribution, ranging from Iceland to the Antarctic Ocean, found at intertidal to abyssal depths. This is reflected in the variability in larval shells and the size of the shell (from a few millimetres to 6 cm) and the characteristics of the protoconch and the teleoconch.<ref>Andrea Nappo, Xabier Rey, Daniel Pellegrini, Giuseppe Bonomolo & Fabio Crocetta, ''Revisiting the disjunct distribution of Conopleura Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca:Gastropoda: Drilliidae)''; Zootaxa 4392 (3): 567–587]</ref>

==Taxonomic history== The genera in this family were originally separated from the subfamily Clavitulinae and classified by H.& A. Adams (1858) under subfamily Turritinae, because their operculum has a terminal instead of a central nucleus. In 1942, the species with a U-shaped sinus and a parietal callus pad were brought by Powell in the new subfamily Clavinae. In 1966, Morrison proposed the subfamily Drillinae (= Clavinae) for the species with a stenoglossan radula with comb-like lateral teeth. Finally, in 1993, Taylor ''et al.'' proposed the promotion of Drillinae from subfamily to the family level Drilliidae.<ref name="Cheng" /><ref>Taylor, J.D., Kantor, Y.I& Sysoev, A.V., 1993 . ''Foregut anatomy, feeding mechanisms, relationships and classification of the Conoidea (=Toxoglossas) (Gastropoda)'' Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Lond .(Zool) 5(2): 125-170</ref>

==Taxonomy== Genera in the family Drilliidae include:<ref name="WoRMS">WoRMS (2010). Drilliidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=23032 on1 September 2011</ref> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Acinodrillia'' Kilburn, 1988 * ''Agladrillia'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Bellaspira'' Conrad, 1868 * ''Calliclava'' McLean, 1971 * ''Cerodrillia'' Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 * ''Clathrodrillia'' Dall, 1918 * ''Clavus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Conopleura'' Hinds, 1844 * ''Crassopleura'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Cruziturricula'' Marks, 1951 * ''Cymatosyrinx'' Dall, 1889 * ''Decoradrillia'' Fallon, 2016 * ''Douglassia'' Bartsch, 1934 * ''Drillia'' Gray, 1838 * ''Elaeocyma'' Dall, 1918 * ''Eumetadrillia'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Fenimorea'' Bartsch, 1934 * ''Fusiturricula'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Globidrillia'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Hauturua'' Powell, 1942 * ''Imaclava'' Bartsch, 1944 * ''Iredalea'' Oliver, 1915 * ''Kylix'' Dall, 1919 * ''Leptadrillia'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Lissodrillia'' Bartsch & Rehder, 1943 * ''Neodrillia'' Bartsch, 1943 * ''Orrmaesia'' Kilburn, 1988 * ''Paracuneus'' Laseron, 1954 * ''Plagiostropha'' Melvill, 1927 * † ''Pleurofusia'' de Gregorio, 1890 * ''Sedilia'' Fargo, 1953 * ''Spirotropis'' Sars, 1878 * ''Splendrillia'' Hedley, 1922 * ''Stenodrillia'' Korobkov, 1955 * ''Syntomodrillia'' Hedley, 1922 * ''Wairarapa'' Vella, 1954 {{div col end}} ;Genera brought into synonymy * ''Brephodrillia'' Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: synonym of ''Iredalea'' * ''Clavicantha'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Clavus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Eldridgea'' Bartsch, 1934: synonym of ''Clavus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Fusisyrinx'' Bartsch, 1934: synonym of ''Fusiturricula'' Woodring, 1928 * ''Tylotia'' Melvill, 1917: synonym of ''Clavus'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Tylotiella'' Habe, 1958: synonym of ''Clavus'' Montfort, 1810 ;Genera moved to other families * ''Austroclavus'' (unassigned to a family within Conoidea) * ''Brachytoma'' moved to the family Pseudomelatomidae * ''Sediliopsis'' Petuch, 1988: moved to the family Pseudomelatomidae

==References== {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090824160507/http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/ The Taxonomicon]

==External links== {{Commons category|Drilliidae}} {{Wikispecies}} * {{cite journal |last1=Fallon |first1=P.J. |title=Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species |journal=Zootaxa |date=2016 |volume=4090 |issue=1 |pages=1–363 |url=https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4090.1.1}} * [http://www.bagniliggia.it/WMSD/PDFFamily/DRILLIIDAE.pdf WMSDB - Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base: family Drilliidae]

Category:Drilliidae Category:Conoidea Category:Taxa named by Axel Adolph Olsson