{{Short description|Protein coding gene in plants}} {{Infobox nonhuman protein | Name = Endoribonuclease Dicer-like 1 | image = Cartoon representation of Arabidopsis DCL1 in complex with pri-miRNA 166f (elucidated by Cryo-EM in Wei X. et al. Nat. Plants. 2021).gif | width = | caption = Cartoon representation of Arabidopsis DCL1 in complex with pri-miRNA 166f. Single chain of DCL1 in light purple catalyzing the cleavage of pri-miRNA-166f into pre-miRNA-166f, before one more cleavage step to finally release miRNA-166f. | Organism = Arabidopsis thaliana | TaxID = 3702 | Symbol = DCL1 | AltSymbols = AT1G01040 | ATC_prefix = | ATC_suffix = | ATC_supplemental = | CAS_number = | CAS_supplemental = | DrugBank = | EntrezGene = | HomoloGene = | PDB = 7ELD | RefSeqmRNA = | RefSeqProtein = | UniProt = Q9SP32 | ECnumber = EC:3.1.26 | Chromosome = 1 | EntrezChromosome = | GenLoc_start = 23416 | GenLoc_end = 31120 }} '''''DCL1''''' (an abbreviation of '''''Dicer-like 1''''') is a gene in plants that codes for the DCL1 protein, a ribonuclease III enzyme involved in processing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and microRNA (miRNA).<ref name="schauer" /> Although DCL1, also called Endoribonuclease Dicer homolog 1, is named for its homology with the metazoan protein Dicer, its role in miRNA biogenesis is somewhat different, due to substantial differences in miRNA maturation processes between plants and animals,<ref name="axtell" /> as well due to additional downstream plant-specific pathways, where DCL1 paralogs like DCL4 participate, such trans-acting siRNA biogenesis.
== Function == DCL1 is localized exclusively in the plant cell nucleus,<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tomassi AH, Re DA, Romani F, Cambiagno DA, Gonzalo L, Moreno JE, Arce AL, Manavella PA | display-authors = 6 | title = The Intrinsically Disordered Protein CARP9 Bridges HYL1 to AGO1 in the Nucleus to Promote MicroRNA Activity | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 184 | issue = 1 | pages = 316–329 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32636339 | pmc = 7479909 | doi = 10.1104/pp.20.00258 }}</ref> together with the double-stranded RNA binding protein Hyponastic Leaves1 (HYL1), CTD-Phosphatase-Like1 (CPL1) and the zinc finger protein SERRATE (SE), form nuclear dicing bodies or D-bodies. In these membraneless organelles, pri-miRNAs are recognized and processes into pre-miRNAs and subsequently into mature miRNA duplexes, by the binding of additional proteins such as Constitutive Alterations in the Small RNAs Pathways9 (CARP9).<ref name=":1" /> In plants, DCL1 is responsible both for processing a primary miRNA to a pre-miRNA, and for then processing the pre-miRNA to a mature miRNA.<ref name="fang" /><ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wei X, Ke H, Wen A, Gao B, Shi J, Feng Y | title = Structural basis of microRNA processing by Dicer-like 1 | journal = Nature Plants | volume = 7 | issue = 10 | pages = 1389–1396 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34593993 | doi = 10.1038/s41477-021-01000-1 | bibcode = 2021NatPl...7.1389W | s2cid = 238240098 }}</ref> In animals, the equivalents of these two steps are carried out by different proteins; First, pri-miRNA processing takes place in the nucleus by the ribonuclease Drosha as part of the Microprocessor complex. Second and finally processing to a mature miRNA takes place in the cytoplasm by Dicer to yield a mature miRNA.<ref name="axtell" />
== PAZ domain plasticity == thumb|A model for DCL1-HYL-SE scaffolding for the pri-miRNA to pre-miRNA maturation process, as well for the pre-miRNA to miRNA maturation step helped by CARP9 binding into the DICER-Complex <ref name=":1"/>In animals, hairpin-containing primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) are cleaved by Drosha to generate precursor-miRNAs, a double strand palindromic structure typically call hairpin pre-miRNAs, which are subsequently cleaved by Dicer to generate mature miRNAs. Instead of being cleaved by two different enzymes, both cleavages in plants are performed by Dicer-like 1 (DCL1), despite a similar domain architecture between both homologous enzymes.<ref name=":0" /> Recent single-particle cryo-electron microscopy structures of both complexes of dsRNA structures ([https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7ELD pri-RNA] and [https://www.rcsb.org/structure/7ELE pre-miRNA]) as ligand of Arabidopsis DCL1, in cleavage-competent state, suggest that PAZ domain plasticity allow its to get involved in pri-miRNA and pre-miRNA recognition, the possibility of an internal loop binding groove of this protein domain, which serves as an engine that transfers the substrate between two sequential cleavage events.<ref name=":0" />
== Other Dicer-like proteins in plants ==
Although DCL1 is responsible for the majority of the miRNA processing in plants, most plants contain an additional set of DCLs proteins with related roles in RNA processing,<ref name="parent" /> the number of additional members of the same family depends on the plant family. For instance, in Brassicaceae there are five additional genes paralogous to DCL1, including DCL2, DCL3, DCL4 and two RNASE III-LIKE genes RTL1 and RTL2;<ref name = "Belal_2022">{{Cite journal | vauthors = Belal MA, Ezzat M, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Cao Y, Han Y |date=2022 |title=Integrative Analysis of the DICER-like (DCL) Genes From Peach (Prunus persica): A Critical Role in Response to Drought Stress |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |volume=10 |doi=10.3389/fevo.2022.923166 |bibcode=2022FrEEv..1023166B |issn=2296-701X|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="nagano" /> However, some plant genomes encode additional DCL paralogs, such as ''Populus trichocarpa'' or rice in which DCL2 was duplicated.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Margis |first=Rogerio |last2=Fusaro |first2=Adriana F. |last3=Smith |first3=Neil A. |last4=Curtin |first4=Shaun J. |last5=Watson |first5=John M. |last6=Finnegan |first6=E. Jean |last7=Waterhouse |first7=Peter M. |date=2006-05-01 |title=The evolution and diversification of Dicers in plants |url=https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.072 |journal=FEBS Letters |language=en |volume=580 |issue=10 |pages=2442–2450 |doi=10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.072 |issn=0014-5793|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Most monocot genomes encode an additional Dicer, known as DCL5 and derived from an ancestral monocot-specific DCL3 duplication that yielded the genes known as DCL3a and DCL3b, subsequently renamed as DCL3 and DCL5 respectively.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen S, Liu W, Naganuma M, Tomari Y, Iwakawa HO | title = Functional specialization of monocot DCL3 and DCL5 proteins through the evolution of the PAZ domain | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 50 | issue = 8 | pages = 4669–4684 | date = May 2022 | pmid = 35380679 | pmc = 9071481 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkac223 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Song |first=Xianwei |last2=Li |first2=Pingchuan |last3=Zhai |first3=Jixian |last4=Zhou |first4=Ming |last5=Ma |first5=Lijia |last6=Liu |first6=Bin |last7=Jeong |first7=Dong‐Hoon |last8=Nakano |first8=Mayumi |last9=Cao |first9=Shouyun |last10=Liu |first10=Chunyan |last11=Chu |first11=Chengcai |last12=Wang |first12=Xiu‐Jie |last13=Green |first13=Pamela J. |last14=Meyers |first14=Blake C. |last15=Cao |first15=Xiaofeng |date=2012-02-01 |title=Roles of DCL4 and DCL3b in rice phased small RNA biogenesis |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04805.x |journal=The Plant Journal |language=en |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=462–474 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-313X.2011.04805.x |issn=0960-7412}}</ref><ref name=":2" />
== References == {{reflist|32em|refs= <ref name="schauer">{{cite journal | vauthors = Schauer SE, Jacobsen SE, Meinke DW, Ray A | title = DICER-LIKE1: blind men and elephants in Arabidopsis development | journal = Trends in Plant Science | volume = 7 | issue = 11 | pages = 487–491 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12417148 | doi = 10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02355-5 | bibcode = 2002TPS.....7..487S }}</ref> <ref name="axtell">{{cite journal | vauthors = Axtell MJ, Westholm JO, Lai EC | title = Vive la différence: biogenesis and evolution of microRNAs in plants and animals | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 12 | issue = 4 | pages = 221 | date = 2011 | pmid = 21554756 | pmc = 3218855 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2011-12-4-221 | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="fang">{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang X, Cui Y, Li Y, Qi Y | title = Transcription and processing of primary microRNAs are coupled by Elongator complex in Arabidopsis | journal = Nature Plants | volume = 1 | issue = 6 | article-number = 15075 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 27250010 | doi = 10.1038/nplants.2015.75 | bibcode = 2015NatPl...115075F | s2cid = 12544460 }}</ref> <ref name="parent">{{cite journal | vauthors = Parent JS, Bouteiller N, Elmayan T, Vaucheret H | title = Respective contributions of Arabidopsis DCL2 and DCL4 to RNA silencing | journal = The Plant Journal | volume = 81 | issue = 2 | pages = 223–232 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25376953 | doi = 10.1111/tpj.12720 | bibcode = 2015PlJ....81..223P | doi-access = }}</ref> <ref name="nagano">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagano H, Fukudome A, Hiraguri A, Moriyama H, Fukuhara T | title = Distinct substrate specificities of Arabidopsis DCL3 and DCL4 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 42 | issue = 3 | pages = 1845–1856 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 24214956 | pmc = 3919572 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkt1077 }}</ref> }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dicer-like 1 (DCL1)}} Category:Ribonucleases Category:Plant proteins