{{Short description|Legislature of the Czech Republic}} {{Infobox legislature | name = Parliament of the Czech Republic | native_name = ''Parlament České republiky'' | coa_pic = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg | foundation = 1 January 1993 | preceded_by = • [[Czech National Council]]<br/>• [[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly]] | coa_res = | transcription_name = | session_res = | house_type = Bicameral | body = | houses = {{ublist | [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]] | [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]] }} | house1 = [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]] | house2 = [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]] | leader1_type = [[President of the Senate of the Czech Republic|President of the Senate]] | leader1 = [[Miloš Vystrčil]] | party1 = [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|ODS]] | election1 = 20 January 2020 | leader2_type = [[President of the Chamber of Deputies (Czech Republic)|President of the <br>Chamber of Deputies]] | leader2 = [[Tomio Okamura]] | party2 = [[Freedom and Direct Democracy|SPD]] | election2 = 5 November 2025 | members = '''281'''<br>81 [[Senate|Senators]]<br>200 [[Member of parliament#Czech Republic|Deputies]] | structure1 = [[File:Czechia Senate 2025.svg|300px]] | political_groups1 = '''Government ([[Third cabinet of Andrej Babiš]]) (15)''' * {{Color box|{{party color|ANO 2011}}}} [[ANO (political party)|ANO]] (15){{efn|group=n|name=x| * {{color box|{{party color|ANO 2011}}}} [[ANO (political party)|ANO]] (12) * {{color box|{{party color|Independent}}}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (1) * {{Color box|{{party color|Independents (political party)}}}} [[Independents (political party)|NEZ]] (1) * {{color box|{{party color|Přísaha}}}} [[Přísaha]] (1)}} '''Opposition (66)''' * {{Color box|{{party color|SPOLU (Czech Republic)}}|border=silver}} [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|ODS]] and [[TOP 09]] (30){{efn|group=n|name=a| * {{color box|{{party color|Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)}}}} [[Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)|ODS]] (18){{efn|group=n|name=b|Tomáš Goláň was elected as non-partisan, nominated by [[Senator 21|SEN 21]], shortly after the election he defected to and became a member of ODS.}} * {{color box|{{party color|TOP 09}}}} [[TOP 09]] (7) * {{color box|{{party color|Svobodní}}}} [[Svobodní]] (1){{efn|group=n|name=c|Jaroslav Chalupský is non-partisan, nominated by [[Svobodní]].}} * {{color box|{{party color|Tábor 2020}}}} [[Tábor 2020]] (1) * {{color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}}} ProMOST (1) * {{color box|{{party color|Independent politician}}}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2)}} * {{Color box|{{party color|Mayors and Independents}}|border=silver}} [[Mayors and Independents]] (18){{efn|group=n|name=g| * {{color box|{{party color|Mayors and Independents}}}} [[Mayors and Independents|STAN]] (15){{efn|group=n|name=h|Hana Žáková, Miroslav Balatka, Miroslav Plevný, Jan Sobotka, Pavel Karník, Helena Pešatová, and Karel Zitterbart are non-partisans, nominated by [[Mayors and Independents|STAN]].}}{{efn|group=n|name=i|David Smoljak is a member of [[Mayors and Independents|STAN]], nominated by a coalition of STAN, [[Czech Pirate Party|Pirates]] and [[TOP 09]].}} * {{color box|{{party color|Mayors for the Liberec Region}}}} [[Mayors for the Liberec Region|SLK]] (3){{efn|group=n|name=j|Jiří Vosecký is a member of [[Mayors for the Liberec Region|SLK]], nominated by STAN and SLK.}}{{efn|group=n|name=k|Zdeněk Linhart is non-partisan, nominated by STAN and SLK.}} }} * {{Color box|{{party color|KDU-ČSL}}|border=silver}} [[KDU-ČSL]] (12){{efn|group=n|name=m| * {{color box|{{party color|Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party}}}} [[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party|KDU-ČSL]] (12){{efn|group=n|name=n|Miluše Horská, Josef Klement, and Lumír Kantor are non-partisans, nominated by [[Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party|KDU-ČSL]].}}}} * {{Color box|{{party color|SEN 21}}|border=silver}} [[Senator 21|SEN 21]] and [[Czech Pirate Party|Pirates]] (5){{efn| * {{Color box|{{party color|SEN 21|SEN 21}}}} [[Senator 21|SEN 21]] (3) * {{Color box|{{party color|Czech Pirate Party}}}} [[Czech Pirate Party|Pirates]] (1) * {{Color box|{{party color|#EA555B}}}} [[Rozvíjíme Hradec|RH]] (1)}} * {{Color box|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}|border=silver}} Non-attached (1){{efn| * {{Color box|{{party color|Independent (politician)}}}} [[Daniela Kovářová|Independent]] (1)}} | voting_system1 = [[Two-round system]] | last_election1 = [[2024 Czech Senate election|20-21 September and 27-28 September 2024]] | voting_system2 = [[Proportional representation]] | structure2 = [[File:2025 Czech Chamber of Deputies.svg]] | political_groups2 = '''Government ([[Third cabinet of Andrej Babiš]]) (108)''' *{{color box|{{party color|ANO 2011}}}} [[ANO 2011|ANO]] (80) *{{color box|{{party color|Freedom and Direct Democracy}}}} [[Freedom and Direct Democracy|SPD]] (15) *{{color box|{{party color|Motorists for Themselves}}}} [[Motorists for Themselves|AUTO]] (13) '''[[Parliamentary opposition|Opposition]] (92)''' *{{color box|{{party color|Spolu}}}} [[SPOLU]] (52) *{{color box|{{party color|Mayors and Independents}}}} [[Mayors and Independents|STAN]] (22) *{{color box|black}} [[Czech Pirate Party|Pirates]] (18) | last_election2 = [[2025 Czech parliamentary election|3–4 October 2025]] | meeting_place = [[Wallenstein Palace]], meeting place of the [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]] | meeting_place2 = [[Thun Palace]], meeting place of the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]] | session_room = Valdstejnsky_Palace_garden_autumn.jpg | session_room2 = Thunovský_palác,_Sněmovní_05.JPG | website = [http://www.senat.cz Senate] <br> [http://www.psp.cz Chamber of Deputies] }} {{Politics of the Czech Republic}} The '''Parliament of the Czech Republic''' ({{langx|cs|Parlament České republiky}}) or just '''Parliament''' ({{langx|cs|Parlament}}) is the [[Legislature|legislative branch]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It meets in [[Malá Strana]], [[Prague]] and is composed of 281 total members and Senators.
It consists of [[bicameralism|two chambers]], both elected in [[direct elections]]: * the Upper House: [[Senate of the Czech Republic|Senate]] * the Lower House: [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic|Chamber of Deputies]]
Art. 15 of the Constitution stipulates its name as the "Parliament".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hrad.cz/en/czech-republic/constitution-of-the-cr.shtml|title=The Constitution of the Czech Republic|date=2015|work=Prague Castle|access-date=2017-05-25|language=en}}</ref> The Parliament exercises competences usual in [[parliamentary system]]s: it holds and passes bills, has the right to [[Constitutional act of the Czech Republic|modify the Constitution]], ratifies international agreements; if necessary, it declares war, approves presence of foreign military forces in the Czech Republic or a dispatch of Czech military forces abroad.
== History == [[Image:Zasedací sál Poslanecké sněmovny.jpg|thumb|right|Session room of the Chamber of Deputies]] The tradition of modern parliamentarianism in the [[Czech lands|Bohemian lands]] dates back to times of the [[Austrian Empire]] (and then [[Cisleithania|Cisleithanian part]] of [[Austria-Hungary]]), where the [[Imperial Council (Austria)|Imperial Council]] (''Reichsrat'', ''Říšská rada'') was created in 1861.
After proclamation of [[Czechoslovakia]] in 1918 its National Assembly (''Národní shromáždění'') undertook legislative duties both of the Imperial Council and State Diets ([[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemian]], [[Margraviate of Moravia|Moravian]], [[Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia|Silesian]]).<ref>Balík, S.-Hloušek, V.-Holzer, J.-Šedo, J.: ''Politický systém českých zemí 1848-1989''. Brno 2006, p. 81.</ref> In [[Second Czechoslovak Republic|1938–39]] and between [[History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)|1948–89]] there existed a parliament within non-democratic regimes (right-wing authoritarian or Communist regime, respectively). As a consequence of federalization of Czechoslovakia (1968), national councils of [[Czech Socialist Republic|Czech]] and [[Slovak Socialist Republic|Slovak parts]] of the country were created.
The Chamber of Deputies keeps continuity with the [[Czech National Council]] (''Česká národní rada''), while the Senate was established in 1996 (with reference to the [[Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)|First Czechoslovak Republic]] one).
== External links == * [https://psp.cz/en/sqw/hp.sqw psp.cz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413071808/https://www.psp.cz/en/sqw/hp.sqw |date=2021-04-13 }} (official site)
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
== References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Commons category|Parliament of the Czech Republic}} {{Czech Republic topics}} {{National bicameral legislatures}} {{Parliaments in Europe}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Parliament of the Czech Republic| ]] [[Category:Politics of the Czech Republic]] [[Category:Government of the Czech Republic]] [[Category:Parliaments by country|Czech Republic]] [[Category:Bicameral legislatures|Czech Republic]] [[Category:National legislatures|Czech]] [[Category:1993 establishments in the Czech Republic]]