Corbicula

{{Short description|Genus of bivalves}} {{For|the pollen holding structure on the posterior legs of some bees|Pollen basket}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Corbicula | image = Masijimi 01.jpg | image_caption = ''Corbicula leana'' | image2 = Corbicula fluminea.jpg | image2_caption = Shell of ''Corbicula fluminea'' | authority = Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811 | display_parents = 3 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }}

'''''Corbicula''''' is a genus of freshwater and brackish water clams, aquatic bivalve mollusks in the family Cyrenidae, the basket clams.<ref name="WoRMS">Gofas, S. (2015). Cyrenidae Gray, 1847. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=238370 on 2015-08-26</ref> The genus name is the Neo-Latin diminutive of Latin ''corbis'', a basket, referring to the shape and ribs of the shell.

The genus ''Corbicula'' includes numerous extant and fossil species; the status of several of them is unclear (''species inquirenda'').<ref name=mbase>MolluscaBase eds. (2022). ''Corbicula'' Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=238371 on 2022-05-29</ref> The best known is ''Corbicula fluminea'', originally native to freshwater systems in East Asia, now an invasive species in many areas of the world.

Unusually, some members reproduce via androgenesis, wherein all genes are inherited from the male, one of the very few animals to do so.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=L.-M. |last2=Hedtke |first2=S. M. |last3=Etoundi |first3=E. |last4=Van Doninck |first4=K. |title=Androgenesis: a review through the study of the selfish shellfish Corbicula spp |journal=Heredity |date=June 2012 |volume=108 |issue=6 |pages=581–591 |doi=10.1038/hdy.2012.3 |pmid=22473310 |pmc=3356815 |issn=1365-2540|doi-access=free |bibcode=2012Hered.108..581P }}</ref>

In many Asian countries, these clams are used as ingredients for soup. In South Korea, there is popular soup made of these species of clams (usually ''Corbicula japonica, Corbicula fluminea, Corbicula leana'') known as 재첩국 (jaechup-guk).

== Androgenesis == Androgenesis occurs rarely in the tree of life, with only a few occurrences documented and multiple mechanisms through which it is achieved. In ''Corbicula'', androgenesis occurs through the ejection of maternal chromosomes from the egg following fertilization by sperm.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=L.-M. |last2=Hedtke |first2=S. M. |last3=Etoundi |first3=E. |last4=Van Doninck |first4=K. |date=June 2012 |title=Androgenesis: a review through the study of the selfish shellfish Corbicula spp. |journal=Heredity |language=en |volume=108 |issue=6 |pages=581–591 |doi=10.1038/hdy.2012.3 |issn=1365-2540 |pmc=3356815 |pmid=22473310|bibcode=2012Hered.108..581P }}</ref> Fertilization in androgenetic and sexual lineages of ''Corbicula'' occurs while the developing egg is arrested at metaphase 1 of meiosis. In sexual species of ''Corbicula'', the axis of the meiotic spindle orienting the duplicated maternal chromosomes is perpendicular to the plasma membrane of the zygote. However, androgenetic lineages of ''Corbicula'' have an axis parallel to the membrane. As a result of this unusual orientation, the two maternal polar bodies formed during anaphase 1 are extruded from the zygote, leading to the complete elimination of all maternal chromosomes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Komaru |first1=A. |last2=Kawagishi |first2=Takaaki |last3=Konishi |first3=Kooichi |date=1998-04-01 |title=Cytological evidence of spontaneous androgenesis in the freshwater clam Corbicula leana Prime |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s004270050152 |journal=Development Genes and Evolution |volume=208 |issue=1 |pages=46–50 |doi=10.1007/s004270050152 |pmid=9518524 |issn=0949-944X|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hotta |first1=Masaru |last2=Komaru |first2=Akira |date=April 2018 |title=The Process of First Polar Body Formation in Eggs of the Androgenetic Clam Corbicula fluminea |url=https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-shellfish-research/volume-37/issue-1/035.037.0111/The-Process-of-First-Polar-Body-Formation-in-Eggs-of/10.2983/035.037.0111.full |journal=Journal of Shellfish Research |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=131–137 |doi=10.2983/035.037.0111 |issn=0730-8000|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Androgenetic ''Corbicula'' lineages also have unreduced sperm; therefore, these lineages retain the same ploidy level after maternal chromosome extrusion. Since only maternal chromosomes are eliminated from the zygote, the zygote inherits only the paternal genome. Sperm of sexually reproducing ''Corbicula'' are uniflagellate, which is considered the ancestral trait, while androgenetic ''Corbicula'' lineages interestingly possess biflagellate sperm.<ref name=":5" />

While androgenesis would likely lead to species extinction in dioecious species,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McKone |first1=Mark J. |last2=Halpern |first2=Stacey L. |date=April 2003 |title=The Evolution of Androgenesis |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/368291 |journal=The American Naturalist |language=en |volume=161 |issue=4 |pages=641–656 |doi=10.1086/368291 |pmid=12776890 |bibcode=2003ANat..161..641M |issn=0003-0147|url-access=subscription }}</ref> all androgenetic lineages of ''Corbicula'' are hermaphroditic, meaning individuals can produce both sperm and egg, and these individuals can self-fertilize to create effectively clonal offspring. Androgenetic lineages of Corbicula are capable of cross-breeding with sexual and other androgenetic lineages in a phenomenon known as “egg parasitism”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hedtke |first1=Shannon M. |last2=Stanger-Hall |first2=Kathrin |last3=Baker |first3=Robert J. |last4=Hillis |first4=David M. |date=May 2008 |title=All-Male Asexuality: Origin and Maintenance of Androgenesis in the Asian Clam Corbicula |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00344.x |journal=Evolution |volume=62 |issue=5 |pages=1119–1136 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00344.x |pmid=18266987 |issn=0014-3820|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This leads to several interesting consequences for determining androgenetic Corbicula phylogeny. The first is a “cytonuclear mismatch” whereby the mitochondrial DNA shows congruence with the parasitized lineage but the genomic DNA is congruent with the selfish androgenetic lineage whose sperm fertilized the egg. Further complicating phylogenetic studies is the rare occurrence of partial or complete nuclear capture, when the maternal DNA is not eliminated from the zygote. Nuclear capture can result in genome recombination or polyploidy. Partial genome capture has been documented when native and androgenetic or multiple androgenetic lineages are sympatric. Egg parasitism has been offered as one explanation for the persistence of androgenetic lineages through increasing allele heterozygosity.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Vastrade |first1=Martin |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Bournonville |first3=Thibaut |last4=Colinet |first4=Mathilde |last5=Debortoli |first5=Nicolas |last6=Hedtke |first6=Shannon M. |last7=Nicolas |first7=Emilien |last8=Pigneur |first8=Lise-Marie |last9=Virgo |first9=Julie |last10=Flot |first10=Jean-François |last11=Marescaux |first11=Jonathan |last12=Van Doninck |first12=Karine |date=2022 |title=Substantial genetic mixing among sexual and androgenetic lineages within the clam genus Corbicula |url=https://peercommunityjournal.org/articles/10.24072/pcjournal.180/ |journal=Peer Community Journal |language=fr |volume=2 |doi=10.24072/pcjournal.180 |issn=2804-3871}}</ref>

== Taxonomy == Despite extensive phylogenetic study of the genus, appropriate categorization of invasive populations has remained a challenge.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Lack of clarity in their phylogeny may be due to being hermaphroditic androgens,<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ludwig |first1=Sandra |last2=Darrigran |first2=Gustavo |last3=Boeger |first3=Walter A. |date=March 2024 |title=Opening the black box of the invasion of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in South America: a genetic and morphological evaluation |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10750-023-05378-1 |journal=Hydrobiologia |language=en |volume=851 |issue=5 |pages=1203–1217 |doi=10.1007/s10750-023-05378-1 |bibcode=2024HyBio.851.1203L |issn=0018-8158|url-access=subscription }}</ref> though no single species of ''Corbicula'' has been described as fully androgenetic. Rather, 4-5 specific androgenetic lineages are described in the scientific literature. Form A, B, and D are found within the North America;<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tiemann |first1=Jeremy |last2=Haponski |first2=Amanda |last3=Douglass |first3=Sarah |last4=Lee |first4=Taehwan |last5=Cummings |first5=Kevin |last6=Davis |first6=Mark |last7=Ó Foighil |first7=Diarmaid |date=2017 |title=First record of a putative novel invasive Corbicula lineage discovered in the Illinois River, Illinois, USA |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/bir/2017/Issue2.aspx |journal=BioInvasions Records |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=159–166 |doi=10.3391/bir.2017.6.2.12}}</ref> Form C is in South America;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ituarte |first=CF |date=1994 |title=Corbicula and Neocorbicula (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in the Parana, Uruguay, and Rio de La Plata basins |journal=Nautilus |volume=107 |pages=129–135}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> and another form(s) has described in Europe.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":4" /> Cross-breeding between androgenetic and native ''Corbicula'' lineages have made it difficult to create a clear taxonomy of the genus, and it is still unclear whether androgenesis arose independently multiple times or originated from a smaller number of lineages that then cross-bred with sexual ''Corbicula'' species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hedtke |first1=Shannon M. |last2=Glaubrecht |first2=Matthias |last3=Hillis |first3=David M. |date=2011-06-07 |title=Rare gene capture in predominantly androgenetic species |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=108 |issue=23 |pages=9520–9524 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1106742108 |doi-access=free |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=3111314 |pmid=21606355|bibcode=2011PNAS..108.9520H }}</ref><ref name=":6" /> A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study based on the largest DNA sequence dataset assembled for the genus revealed that ''Corbicula'' comprises two subgenus-level clades: ''Corbicula'' s.s. and ''Sphaerocorbicula'' Bolotov, Bespalaya & Aksenova, 2026. The analysis identified at least 27 well-supported species-level clusters. Two new species were described from Myanmar: ''C. bilini'' and ''C. lemroae''. Additionally, ''Sphaerium avanum'' Theobald, 1874 was transferred to Cyrenidae as ''Corbicula (Sphaerocorbicula) avana'' comb. nov., and five nominal species were synonymised<ref name="Bespalaya2026">{{Cite journal |last1=Bespalaya |first1=Yulia V. |last2=Kropotin |first2=Alexander V. |last3=Aksenova |first3=Olga V. |display-authors=etal |year=2026 |title=Global Molecular Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Clam Genus Corbicula (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=74–101 |doi=10.1111/zsc.70022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.70022 |access-date=2026-01-13 }}</ref>.

== Invasiveness == ''Corbicula'' clams are remarkably proficient invasive species, with native ranges spanning from Australia to Africa, but can now be found in most other continents.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=Lise-Marie |last2=Marescaux |first2=Jonathan |last3=Roland |first3=Kathleen |last4=Etoundi |first4=Emilie |last5=Descy |first5=Jean-Pierre |last6=Van Doninck |first6=Karine |date=2011-05-27 |title=Phylogeny and androgenesis in the invasive Corbicula clams (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in Western Europe |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=147 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-11-147 |doi-access=free |pmid=21619630 |pmc=3126740 |bibcode=2011BMCEE..11..147P |issn=1471-2148}}</ref> In North America, ''Corbicula'' may have initially invaded as a human food source,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=COUNTS |first=CL |date=1981 |title=CORBICULA FLUMINEA (BIVALVIA: SPHAERIACEA) IN BRITISH COLUMBIA |url=https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=PASCALZOOLINEINRA8110204078 |journal=Corbicula Fluminea (Bivalvia: Sphaeriacea) in British Columbia}}</ref> though the origin of invasion in other continents has not been determined.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Crespo |first1=Daniel |last2=Dolbeth |first2=Marina |last3=Leston |first3=Sara |last4=Sousa |first4=Ronaldo |last5=Pardal |first5=Miguel Ângelo |date=July 2015 |title=Distribution of Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in the invaded range: a geographic approach with notes on species traits variability |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10530-015-0862-y |journal=Biological Invasions |language=en |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=2087–2101 |doi=10.1007/s10530-015-0862-y |bibcode=2015BiInv..17.2087C |hdl=1822/49103 |issn=1387-3547|hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, genotyping may aid in tracking the number of introductions occurring in non-native habitats.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sheehan |first1=Rory |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Minchin |first3=Dan |last4=Doninck |first4=Karine |last5=Lucy |first5=Frances |date=2019-08-10 |title=Identification of the Invasive Form of Corbicula Clams in Ireland |journal=Water |language=en |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=1652 |doi=10.3390/w11081652 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019Water..11.1652S |issn=2073-4441}}</ref>

Part of what contributes to its invasive success is its androgenetic reproductive strategy, wherein a single individual may be capable of creating an entire population,<ref name=":0" /> but beyond androgenesis, ''Corbicula'' owe their invasive potential to anthropogenic factors and their life history strategies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sousa |first1=R. |last2=Antunes |first2=C. |last3=Guilhermino |first3=L. |date=2008 |title=Ecology of the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) in aquatic ecosystems: an overview |url=https://www.limnology-journal.org/articles/limn/abs/2008/02/limn200844p85/limn200844p85.html |journal=Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=85–94 |doi=10.1051/limn:2008017 |issn=0003-4088}}</ref> ''Corbicula'' have high reproductive capacities,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sousa |first1=Ronaldo |last2=Nogueira |first2=António J. A. |last3=Gaspar |first3=Miguel B. |last4=Antunes |first4=Carlos |last5=Guilhermino |first5=Lúcia |date=2008-11-10 |title=Growth and extremely high production of the non-indigenous invasive species Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774): Possible implications for ecosystem functioning |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272771408003144 |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=289–295 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2008.08.006 |bibcode=2008ECSS...80..289S |issn=0272-7714|url-access=subscription }}</ref> which may be in part due to their ability to self-fertilize,<ref name=":0" /> and the high dispersal potential of their larvae.{{cn|date=May 2024}} ''Corbicula'' are also phenotypically plastic,<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Castro |first2=Paulo |last3=Lopes-Lima |first3=Manuel |last4=Antunes |first4=Carlos |last5=Ilarri |first5=Martina |last6=Sousa |first6=Ronaldo |date=2019-07-10 |title=Potential impacts of the invasive species Corbicula fluminea on the survival of glochidia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969719315621 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=673 |pages=157–164 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.043 |pmid=30986675 |bibcode=2019ScTEn.673..157M |hdl=1822/72626 |issn=0048-9697|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> which may allow them to outcompete native mussels,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Dias |first2=Ester |last3=Ilarri |first3=Martina |last4=Lopes-Lima |first4=Manuel |last5=Teixeira |first5=Amílcar |last6=Varandas |first6=Simone |last7=Castro |first7=Paulo |last8=Antunes |first8=Carlos |last9=Sousa |first9=Ronaldo |date=2021-05-31 |title=Trophic niche overlap between native freshwater mussels (Order: Unionida) and the invasive <scp>''Corbicula fluminea''</scp> |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3618 |journal=Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=2058–2071 |doi=10.1002/aqc.3618 |hdl=10198/20668 |issn=1052-7613|hdl-access=free }}</ref> and their occurrence at high densities may drive native mussel glochidia mortality.<ref name=":2" /> Their high competitive ability is of concern, in part due to the already endangered status of many of the world's mussel species.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lopes-Lima |first1=Manuel |last2=Sousa |first2=Ronaldo |last3=Geist |first3=Juergen |last4=Aldridge |first4=David C. |last5=Araujo |first5=Rafael |last6=Bergengren |first6=Jakob |last7=Bespalaya |first7=Yulia |last8=Bódis |first8=Erika |last9=Burlakova |first9=Lyubov |last10=Van Damme |first10=Dirk |last11=Douda |first11=Karel |last12=Froufe |first12=Elsa |last13=Georgiev |first13=Dilian |last14=Gumpinger |first14=Clemens |last15=Karatayev |first15=Alexander |date=February 2017 |title=Conservation status of freshwater mussels in Europe: state of the art and future challenges: Conservation of European freshwater mussels |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12244 |journal=Biological Reviews |language=en |volume=92 |issue=1 |pages=572–607 |doi=10.1111/brv.12244|pmid=26727244 |hdl=10198/15259 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haag |first=Wendell R. |date=December 2019 |title=Reassessing Enigmatic Mussel Declines in the United States |journal=Freshwater Mollusk Biology and Conservation |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=43–60 |doi=10.31931/fmbc.v22i2.2019.43-60 |issn=2472-2944|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Though ''Corbicula'' are proficient competitors, they have a small number of lineages,<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Taehwan |last2=Siripattrawan |first2=Sirirat |last3=Ituarte |first3=Cristian F. |last4=Foighil |first4=Diarmaid O. |date=2005 |title=Invasion of the clonal clams: Corbicula lineages in the New World |journal=American Malacological Bulletin |volume=20 |pages=113–122 |via=ResearchGate}}</ref> and have worldwide low genetic diversity, which is attributed to their reproductive capabilities.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Pigneur |first1=Lise-Marie |last2=Etoundi |first2=Emilie |last3=Aldridge |first3=David C. |last4=Marescaux |first4=Jonathan |last5=Yasuda |first5=Nina |last6=Van Doninck |first6=Karine |date=October 2014 |title=Genetic uniformity and long-distance clonal dispersal in the invasive androgenetic Corbicula clams |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mec.12912 |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=23 |issue=20 |pages=5102–5116 |doi=10.1111/mec.12912 |pmid=25208249 |bibcode=2014MolEc..23.5102P |issn=0962-1083}}</ref> While this generally does not contribute to their success, phenotypic plasticity may buffer them from the effects of low genetic diversity,<ref name=":0" /> though it is suggested that population bottlenecks may have occurred during their invasions.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Joong-Ki |last2=Choe |first2=Byung Lae |last3=Eom |first3=Keeseon S. |date=2004-06-30 |title=Two mitochondrial lineages in Korean freshwater Corbicula (Corbiculidae: bivalvia) |journal=Molecules and Cells |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=410–414 |doi=10.1016/S1016-8478(23)13060-3 |issn=1016-8478 |pmid=15232214|doi-access=free }}</ref> Despite the potential for population bottlenecks, there is a need for better control methods,<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Modesto |first1=Vanessa |last2=Ilarri |first2=Martina |last3=Labecka |first3=Anna M. |last4=Ferreira-Rodríguez |first4=Noé |last5=Coughlan |first5=Neil E. |last6=Liu |first6=Xiongjun |last7=Sousa |first7=Ronaldo |date=2023-06-26 |title=What we know and do not know about the invasive Asian clam Corbicula fluminea |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05280-w |journal=Hydrobiologia |volume=852 |issue=5 |pages=1183–1214 |language=en |doi=10.1007/s10750-023-05280-w |issn=1573-5117|url-access=subscription }}</ref> as active spread has occurred.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caffrey |first1=Joe |last2=Dick |first2=Jaimie |last3=Lucy |first3=Frances |last4=Davis |first4=Eithne |last5=Niven |first5=Art |last6=Coughlan |first6=Neil |date=2016 |title=First record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Cyrenidae) in Northern Ireland |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/bir/2016/Issue4.aspx |journal=BioInvasions Records |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=239–244 |doi=10.3391/bir.2016.5.4.08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Karaouzas |first1=Ioannis |last2=Zogaris |first2=Stamatis |last3=Froufe |first3=Elsa |last4=Lopes-Lima |first4=Manuel |date=2020 |title=Rival at the gate: first record of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea Müller, 1774 (Bivalvia: Corbiculidae) in Greece |url=https://www.kmae-journal.org/articles/kmae/abs/2020/01/kmae200028/kmae200028.html |journal=Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems |language=en |issue=421 |pages=24 |doi=10.1051/kmae/2020017 |issn=1961-9502|doi-access=free }}</ref> While some eradication methods work, such as deposition of dry ice pellets,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coughlan |first=Neil |date=2018 |title=Cold as Ice: a novel eradication and control method for invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, using pelleted dry ice |url=http://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2018/Issue4.aspx |journal=Management of Biological Invasions |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=463–474 |doi=10.3391/mbi.2018.9.4.09}}</ref> the use of a heat torch,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coughlan |first=Neil |date=2019 |title=Beds Are Burning: eradication and control of invasive Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, with rapid open-flame burn treatments |url=https://www.reabic.net/journals/mbi/2019/Issue3.aspx |journal=Management of Biological Invasions |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=486–499 |doi=10.3391/mbi.2019.10.3.06}}</ref> and temperature shock,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Coughlan |first1=Neil E. |last2=Cuthbert |first2=Ross N. |last3=Cunningham |first3=Eoghan M. |last4=Potts |first4=Stephen |last5=McSweeney |first5=Diarmuid |last6=Vong |first6=Gina Y. W. |last7=Healey |first7=Emma |last8=Crane |first8=Kate |last9=Caffrey |first9=Joe M. |last10=Lucy |first10=Frances E. |last11=Davis |first11=Eithne |last12=Dick |first12=Jaimie T. A. |date=July 2021 |title=Smoke on the Water: Comparative Assessment of Combined Thermal Shock Treatments for Control of Invasive Asian Clam, Corbicula fluminea |journal=Environmental Management |language=en |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=117–125 |doi=10.1007/s00267-021-01474-x |issn=0364-152X |pmc=8172490 |pmid=33914093|bibcode=2021EnMan..68..117C }}</ref> preventative measures are of utmost importance as invasives are often difficult to detect prior to establishment.<ref name=":4" />

== Species == Extant species within the genus ''Corbicula'' include:<ref name=mbase/> {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''Corbicula africana'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Corbicula angulifera'' E. von Martens, 1897 * ''Corbicula anomioides'' (Bogan & Bouchet, 1998) * ''Corbicula astartina'' (E. von Martens, 1860) * ''Corbicula aurea'' Nesemann & G. Sharma, 2007 * ''Corbicula australis'' (Deshayes, 1830) * ''Corbicula baudoni'' Morlet, 1886 * ''Corbicula bitruncata'' E. von Martens, 1908 * ''Corbicula blandiana'' Prime, 1864 * ''Corbicula bocourti'' (Morelet, 1865) * ''Corbicula cashmiriensis'' Deshayes, 1855 * ''Corbicula castanea'' (Morelet, 1865) * ''Corbicula consularis'' Prime, 1870 * ''Corbicula cyreniformis'' Prime, 1860 * ''Corbicula dautzenbergi'' Prashad, 1928 * ''Corbicula elatior'' E. von Martens, 1905 * ''Corbicula elongata'' Clessin, 1878 * ''Corbicula erosa'' Prime, 1861 * ''Corbicula ferghanensis'' Kursalova & Starobogatov, 1971 * ''Corbicula fluminalis'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) * ''Corbicula fluminea'' (O. F. Müller, 1774) – Asian clam * ''Corbicula formosana'' Dall, 1903 * ''Corbicula gabonensis'' Preston, 1909 * ''Corbicula gustaviana'' E. von Martens, 1900 * ''Corbicula iravadica'' Blanford, 1880 * ''Corbicula japonica'' Prime, 1864[http://www.fao.org/fi/website/FIRetrieveAction.do?dom=species&fid=3555] * ''Corbicula javanica'' (Mousson, 1849) * ''Corbicula lamarckiana'' Prime, 1864 * ''Corbicula largillierti'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Corbicula larnaudieri'' Prime, 1862 * ''Corbicula leana'' (Prime, 1864) * ''Corbicula leviuscula'' Prime, 1864 * ''Corbicula loehensis'' Kruimel, 1913 * ''Corbicula lutea'' Morelet, 1862 * ''Corbicula lydigiana'' Prime, 1861 * ''Corbicula madagascariensis'' Smith, 1882 * ''Corbicula mahalonensis'' Kruimel, 1913 * ''Corbicula malaccensis'' Deshayes, 1855 * ''Corbicula manilensis'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Corbicula maroubra'' (Iredale, 1943) * ''Corbicula masapensis'' Kruimel, 1913 * ''Corbicula matannensis'' Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898 * ''Corbicula messageri'' Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1901 * ''Corbicula moltkiana'' Prime, 1878 * ''Corbicula moreletiana'' Prime, 1867 * ''Corbicula mortoni'' M. Huber, 2015 * ''Corbicula nitens'' (Philippi, 1844) * ''Corbicula noetlingi'' E. von Martens, 1899 * ''Corbicula ovalina'' Deshayes, 1855 * ''Corbicula poppei'' Thach & F. Huber, 2021 * ''Corbicula possoensis'' Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898 * ''Corbicula pulchella'' (Mousson, 1849) * ''Corbicula pullata'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Corbicula rectipatula'' B.-Y. Huang, 1981 * ''Corbicula regia'' Clessin, 1879 * ''Corbicula rivalis'' (Philippi, 1850) * ''Corbicula sandai'' Reinchardt, 1878 * ''Corbicula senegalensis'' Clessin, 1877 * ''Corbicula siamensis'' Prashad, 1928 * ''Corbicula similis'' (W. Wood, 1828) * ''Corbicula solida'' Clessin, 1887 * ''Corbicula solidula'' Prime, 1861 * ''Corbicula straminea'' Reinhardt, 1877 * ''Corbicula striatella'' Deshayes, 1855 * ''Corbicula subnitens'' Clessin, 1887 * ''Corbicula subplanata'' E. von Martens, 1897 * ''Corbicula tenuis'' Clessin, 1887 * ''Corbicula tibetensis'' Prashad, 1929 * ''Corbicula tobae'' E. von Martens, 1900 * ''Corbicula towutensis'' Kruimel, 1913 * ''Corbicula tsadiana'' E. von Martens, 1903 * ''Corbicula virescens'' Brandt, 1974 {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}} * Bogan, A., Bouchet, P. (1998). Cementation in the freshwater bivalve family Corbiculidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia): a new genus and species from Lake Poso, Indonesia. Hydrobiologia, 389: 131–139 * Suzuki, K.; Oyama, K. (1943). Überblick über die Corbiculiden Ostasiens (Materialien zur Monographic der Ostasiatischen Corbiculiden 1). Venus. 12(3-4): 138–149. * Ota, Y. [Ohta, Y.]. (1970). A review of some Cretaceous corbiculids in North America. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, new series. 79: 291–315.

==Further reading== * Alexei V. Korniushin, Matthias Glaubrecht (2003) Novel reproductive modes in freshwater clams: brooding and larval morphology in Southeast Asian taxa of ''Corbicula'' (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) Acta Zoologica 84 (4), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6395.2003.00150.x * (Redescription) Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). ''Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru''. 2 vols, 1258 pp.

==External links== {{Commons category|Corbicula}} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=JicVAAAAYAAJMegerle von Mühlfeld J.C. (1811). Entwurf eines neuen Systems der Schaltiergehäuse. Magazin für die neuesten Entdecklungen in der gesammten Naturkunde von der Gesellschaft Naturforschaft Freunde zu Berlin. 5(1): 38-72, plate 3] * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3794255 Dall, W. H. (1903). Review of the classification of the Cyrenacea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 16: 5-8.] * [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Archiv-fuer-Molluskenkunde_65_0264-0268.pdf Lindholm W.A. (1933). Eine verschollene Muschel aus Zentralasien. Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 65: 264–268] * [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49567154 Sandberger, C.L.F. (1870-1875). Die Land- und Süßwasser-Conchylien der Vorwelt. C. W. Kreidel, Wiesbaden.]

Category:Cyrenidae Category:Bivalve genera