Cymatoderma

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic_taxobox | image = Cymatoderma caperatum 426938.jpg | image_caption = ''Cymatoderma caperatum'' | taxon = Cymatoderma | authority = Jungh. (1840)<ref name="Junghuhn 1840"/> | type_species = ''Cymatoderma elegans'' | type_species_authority = Jungh. (1840) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Cymatoderma"/> | synonyms = *''Cladoderris'' Pers. ex Berk. (1842)<ref name="Berkeley 1842"/> *''Actinostroma'' Klotzsch (1843) *''Beccariella'' Ces. (1879)<ref name="Cesati 1879"/> *''Beccaria'' Massee (1892)<ref name="Massee 1892"/> }}

'''''Cymatoderma''''' is a widely distributed genus of poroid fungi in the family Meruliaceae.

==Description== The fruit bodies of ''Cymatoderma'' fungi are typically funnel-shaped, fan-shaped, or semicircular. Fruit bodies growing next to each other can fuse together. The upper surface of the cap often has sharp ridges, although in some species this is partially obscured by a thick tomentum with a texture like felt. The fertile surface of the hymenium (spore-bearing surface) is generally covered with folds, undulations, or ridges, which can be in turn by smooth, warted, or spiky. The stipe ranges from well-developed in some species to barely present in others.<ref name="Reid 1958"/>

==Taxonomy==

''Cymatoderma'' was circumscribed by botanist Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn in 1842, with ''Cymatoderma elegans'' as the type species.<ref name="Junghuhn 1840"/> ''Cymatoderma dendriticum'', originally described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as ''Thelephora dendritica'' in 1827,<ref name="Persoon 1827"/> is perhaps the earliest description of any ''Cymatoderma'' in the literature.<ref name="Weldon 1960"/> In 1842, Miles Joseph Berkeley transferred ''Thelephora dendritica'' to the genus ''Cladoderris''.<ref name="Berkeley 1842"/> Despite Junghuhn's earlier publication, this species became more commonly (and incorrectly) referred to as ''Cladoderris dendritica'' in its early history. This led to a number of synonyms created and a confusing taxonomy. It did not help that the type material of several species, located in the Berlin herbarium, was destroyed during the Second World War.<ref name="Weldon 1960"/> Marinus Anton Donk proposed to conserve the more popular name ''Cladoderris'' against the earlier ''Cymatoderma'', but this was rejected by the authorities on Fungus nomenclature.<ref name="Reid 1958"/> Today, the name ''Cladoderris'' is placed in synonymy with ''Cymatoderma'', as well as the names ''Actinostroma'', ''Beccariella'', and ''Beccaria''.<ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Cymatoderma"/>

==Classification==

''Cymatoderma'' has traditionally been classified in the family Meruliaceae.<ref name="Kirk 2008"/> Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that ''Cymatoderma'' is polyphyletic, with some species related to ''Podoscypha'', and another group, including the type species, grouped together in a distant location in the residual clade of the Polyporales.<ref name="Sjökvist et al. 2012"/> In a recently proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales, Alfredo Justo and colleagues proposed to include these latter ''Cymatoderma'' species (''sensu stricto'') in the new family Panaceae. Species closely related to ''Podoscypha'', including ''Cymatoderma dendriticum'' and ''C. pallens'', are better classified in the family Podoscyphaceae.<ref name="Justo et al. 2017"/>

==Species== thumb|right|''Cymatoderma elegans'' A 2008 estimate placed nine species in the genus.<ref name="Kirk 2008"/> {{As of|2018|June}}, Index Fungorum accepts 14 species in ''Cymatoderma'':<ref name="CoL/Fungorum"/> *''Cymatoderma africanum'' Boidin (1960)<ref name="Boidon 1960"/> – Cameroon; Ivory Coast; Zambia *''Cymatoderma blumei'' (Lév.) D.A.Reid (1959) – Indonesia *''Cymatoderma caperatum'' (Berk. & Mont.) D.A.Reid (1956) – Australia; North America; South America *''Cymatoderma dendriticum'' (Pers.) D.A.Reid (1959) – Africa; South America; Papua New Guinea *''Cymatoderma elegans'' Jungh. (1840) – Africa; South America; Papua New Guinea *''Cymatoderma fuscum'' (Cooke) D.A.Reid (1959) *''Cymatoderma hainanense'' Z.T.Guo (1986) – China *''Cymatoderma infundibuliforme'' (Klotzsch) Boidin (1959)<ref name="Boidin 1959"/> – Philippines; Sierra Leone *''Cymatoderma pallens'' Berthet & Boidin (1966)<ref name="Berthet & Boidin 1966"/> – Cameroon *''Cymatoderma plicatum'' (Lloyd) D.A.Reid (1959) *''Cymatoderma sclerotioides'' (Lloyd) D.A.Reid (1959) *''Cymatoderma semiresupinatum'' (A.L.Welden) A.L.Welden (2010) *''Cymatoderma venezuelae'' D.A.Reid (1965)<ref name="Reid 1965"/> – South America *''Cymatoderma viridans'' (Lloyd) A.L.Welden (2010)

An earlier member of this genus, ''Cymatoderma cristatum'', has since been transferred to ''Podoscypha'' as ''Podoscypha cristata''.

==References== {{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Berkeley 1842">{{cite journal |author=Berkeley, M.J. |title=Enumeration of fungi, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. F.L.S. in the Philippine Islands |journal=London Journal of Botany |year=1842 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=142–157 |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10610622}}</ref>

<ref name="Berthet & Boidin 1966">{{cite journal |author1=Berthet, P. |author2=Boidin, J. |year=1966 |title=Observations sur quelques Hyménomycètes récoltés en République Camerounaise |journal=Cahiers de la Maboké |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=27–54 |language=fr}}</ref>

<ref name="Boidin 1959">{{cite journal |author=Boidin, J. |year=1959 |title=Hétérobasidiomycèstes saprophytes et Homobasidiomycètes résupinés: VI. Essai sur le genre ''Stereum'' sensu lato |journal=Revue de Mycologie |volume=24 |pages=197–225 |language=fr}}</ref>

<ref name="Boidon 1960">{{cite journal |author=Boidin, J. |year=1960 |title=Le genre ''Stereum'' Pers. s.l. au Congo belge |journal=Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État à Bruxelles |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=283–355 |language=fr |doi=10.2307/3667306|jstor=3667306 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cesati 1879">{{cite journal |author=Cesati, V. |title=Mycetum in itinere Borneensi lectorum |journal=Atti dell'Accademia di Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche Napoli |year=1879 |volume=8 |issue=8 |pages=1–28 |language=la}}</ref>

<ref name="CoL/Fungorum">{{cite web |author=Kirk, P.M. |title=Species Fungorum (version 31st May 2018). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/3bce0f5fc36d1717a0ac3b036f26fadc |access-date=2018-06-03}}</ref>

<ref name="Junghuhn 1840">{{cite journal |author=Junghuhn, F.W. |title=Nova genera et species plantarum florae javanicae |journal=Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschiedenis en Physiologie |year=1840 |volume=7 |pages=285–317 |language=la |url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13476185}}</ref>

<ref name="Justo et al. 2017">{{cite journal |author1=Justo, Alfredo |author2=Miettinen, Otto |author3=Floudas, Dimitrios |author4=Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz |author5=Sjökvist, Elisabet |author6=Lindner, Daniel |author7=Nakasone, Karen |author8=Niemelä, Tuomo |author9=Larsson, Karl-Henrik |author10=Ryvarden, Leif |author11=Hibbett, David S. |year=2017 |title=A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota) |journal=Fungal Biology |volume=121 |issue=9 |pages=798–824 |doi=10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010 |pmid=28800851|doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Kirk 2008">{{cite book |author1=Kirk, P.M. |author2=Cannon, P.F. |author3=Minter, D.W. |author4=Stalpers, J.A. |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=187 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}</ref>

<ref name="Massee 1892">{{cite book |author=Massee, G.E. |title=British Fungus-Flora |year=1892 |volume=1 |publisher=George Bell & Sons |location=London, UK |page=145 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3276196}}</ref>

<ref name="Persoon 1827">{{cite journal |author1=Gaudichaud-Beaupré, C. |year=1827 |title=Voyage autour du Monde, Entrepis par Ordre du Roi, Exécuté sur les Corvettes de S.M. l'Uranie et la Physicienne |journal=Botanique (Nagpur) |volume=5 |pages=176 |language=fr |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002711742}}</ref>

<ref name="Reid 1958">{{cite journal |author=Reid, D.A. |year=1958 |title=The genus ''Cymatoderma'' Jungh. (''Cladoderris'') |journal=Kew Bulletin |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=518–530 |doi=10.2307/4118133 |jstor=4118133}}</ref>

<ref name="Reid 1965">{{cite journal |author=Reid, D.A. |year=1965 |title=A monograph of the stipitate stereoid fungi |series=Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia |volume=18 |page=132}}</ref>

<ref name="Sjökvist et al. 2012">{{cite journal |author1=Sjökvist, Elisabet |author2=Larsson, Ellen |author3=Eberhardt, Ursula |author4=Ryvarden, Leif |author5=Larsson, Karl-Henrik |year=2012 |title=Stipitate stereoid basidiocarps have evolved multiple times |journal=Mycologia |volume=104 |issue=5 |pages=1046–1055 |doi=10.3852/11-174|pmid=22492407 |s2cid=40130449 }}</ref>

<ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Cymatoderma">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Cymatoderma'' Jungh. |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=17432 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |access-date=2014-08-04}}</ref>

<ref name="Weldon 1960">{{cite journal |author=Welden, A.L. |year=1960 |title=The genus ''Cymatoderma'' (Thelephoraceae) in the Americas |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=856–876 |doi=10.2307/3755848 |jstor=3755848 |journal=Mycologia}}</ref>

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Category:Taxa described in 1840 Category:Meruliaceae Category:Polyporales genera Category:Taxa named by Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn