{{Short description|North Indian cyclone in 2010}} {{good article}} {{Infobox weather event | name = Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phet | image = Phet 2010-06-02 0655Z.jpg | caption = Cyclone Phet near peak intensity on June 2 | formed = May 31, 2010 | dissipated = June 7, 2010 }} {{Infobox weather event/IMD | winds = 85 | pressure = 964 }} {{Infobox weather event/SSHWS | winds = 125 | pressure = 929 }} {{Infobox weather event/Effects | year = 2010 | fatalities = 47 total | damages-prefix = > | damages = 861000000 | areas = [[Oman]], Pakistan, India }} {{Infobox weather event/Footer | season = [[2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]] }} '''Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Phet'''{{efn|The name ''Phet'' ([[Thai language|Thai]]: เพชร, [[Help:IPA/Thai|[pʰet̚˦˥]]]) was contributed by [[Thailand]] and means "diamond" in [[Thai language|Thai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2010 |title=Facts about Tropical Cyclone Phet |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/oman/facts-about-tropical-cyclone-phet-1.636372# |website=[[Gulf News]]}}</ref>}} was a powerful [[tropical cyclone]] that made [[landfall]] on [[Oman]], [[Western India]], and Pakistan. The third named cyclone of the [[2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season|2010 cyclone season]], Phet developed in the [[Arabian Sea]] on May 31 to the west of India. With conducive environmental conditions, the storm intensified to reach peak [[maximum sustained wind|sustained winds]] of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} on June 2, based on analysis by the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD). On the next day, Phet dropped heavy rainfall while moving across eastern Oman, with a peak of {{convert|603|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Qurayyat, Oman|Qurayyat]]. The rains flooded arid areas and collected into [[wadi]]s – normally dry river beds. Thousands of homes were wrecked across Oman. There were 24 fatalities in the country, and damage was estimated at US$780 million.
After exiting Oman on June 4, Phet turned to the northeast and later to the east while continuing to weaken. The residual thunderstorms spread ahead of the circulation over Pakistan, producing {{convert|370|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall at [[Gwadar]]. In the city, the storm washed away houses and flooded the port, On June 6, Phet moved ashore the country near [[Karachi]], a city of 16 million people, where several neighborhoods were flooded and power outages lasted over 12 hours. Across Pakistan, the storm killed 16 people and left $81 million in damage. Phet continued into western India, where it degenerated into a remnant low-pressure area. In the country, storm rainfall killed five people, as well as dozens of animals.
==Meteorological history== [[file:Phet 2010 track.png|300px|left|thumb|The [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) described Phet as having "the rarest of the rare track with two [[landfall (meteorology)|landfall points]] over [[Oman]] and Pakistan, and [the] longest track in recent years".<ref name="imd">{{cite report|editor=B.K. Bandyopadhyay|pages=40, 54–55, 115–129|title=WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Annual Review 2010|year=2011|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/publications/annual-cyclone-review/annual-review-2010.pdf}}</ref> ]] Toward the end of May 2010, a surge in the [[monsoon]] produced widespread [[convection (meteorology)|convection]], or thunderstorms, off the southwest coast of India in the southeastern [[Arabian Sea]]. After a low-level circulation became evident on May 30, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) designated the system as a [[low-pressure area]]. The low moved northwestward within an area of warm [[sea surface temperature|water temperatures]] of {{convert|30|to|32|C|F}}, moderate [[wind shear]], and an upper-level environment conducive for [[tropical cyclogenesis]],<ref name="imd"/> The [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) first noted the system on May 30 as an area of potential development.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory |date=May 30, 2010 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808121248/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 8, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> The circulation became more defined within the building convection, which was amplified by [[outflow (meteorology)|outflow]] from an [[anticyclone]] over the northern Arabian Sea.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=May 30, 2010 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808121248/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 8, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ab/abio10.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> At 03:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time]] (UTC) on May 31, the IMD designated the system as a [[Tropical cyclone scales#North Indian Ocean|depression]] about 1,000 km (620 mi) west-southwest of [[Mumbai]], India, or about 1,260 km (785 mi) southeast of [[Muscat, Oman]].<ref name="imd"/> At 18:00 UTC, the JTWC began issuing advisories on the storm, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 03A.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=May 31, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Three) Warning NR 001 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref>
As the wind shear decreased, the convection increased further, and the IMD upgraded the system to a deep depression at 00:00 UTC on June 1. Later that day, the system began [[rapid intensification|rapidly intensifying]] while moving on a northwest trajectory; the IMD upgraded the system to a cyclonic storm at 09:00 UTC, [[tropical cyclone naming|naming]] it ''Phet''.<ref name="imd"/> An [[eye (cyclone)|eye]] became evident during a [[Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission]] (TRMM) pass of the storm; its appearance and the development of [[rainband]]s showed Phet was intensifying.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 1, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Three) Warning NR 003A Relocated |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Late on June 1, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating 1 minute [[maximum sustained wind]]s of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}, after the eye became better defined and the tightly curved thunderstorm activity.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 2, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 005 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> The IMD upgraded Phet to severe cyclonic storm status at 00:00 UTC on June 2, and further to a very severe cyclonic storm six hours later.<ref name="imd"/>
With a [[ridge (meteorology)|ridge]] to the northeast, the cyclone continued slowly northwestward. The JTWC initially expected that Phet would recurve to the northeast without affecting land, reflecting [[Tropical cyclone forecast model|storm model]] simulations.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 2, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 006 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lack of observations across the Arabian Sea prevented more the model forecasts from accurately assessing the ridge.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 2, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 007 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Phet quickly intensified on June 2 as it developed a well-defined 55 km (35 mi) eye, fueled by outflow that was enhanced by a passing mid-latitude [[trough (meteorology)|trough]].<ref name="peak"/> At 12:00 UTC on June 2, the IMD estimated peak 3 minute sustained winds of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="imd"/> Simultaneously, the JTWC assessed peak 1 minute winds of {{convert|230|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}. The agency predicted that Phet would intensify further to reach winds of {{convert|260|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} near the eastern [[Oman]] coastline.<ref name="peak">{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 2, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 008 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Drier air from the [[Arabian Peninsula]] to the northwest disrupted the storm structure, which caused the eye to become cloud-covered, signaling weakening.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 2, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 009 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Between 00:00–02:00 UTC on June 3, Phet made [[landfall]] in eastern Oman near [[Al Ashkharah]], with winds between 110–120 km/h (70–75 mph) according to the IMD.<ref name="imd"/> The JTWC assessed landfall as occurring 16 hours later and with winds of {{convert|195|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 3, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 013 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522073600/https://www.webcitation.org/5qHlIIGzN?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31_201006032100.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The cyclone became elongated due to increased wind shear while it turned northeastward around the ridge.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 3, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 012 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522073520/https://www.webcitation.org/5qHlFCPF1?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31_201006031500.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> High mountains in eastern Oman weakened Phet, causing the structure to become more asymmetrical.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 015 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> At 12:00 UTC on June 4, the cyclone re-emerged into the Arabian Sea, still presenting banding features and an eye feature but with much less convection.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 016 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Later that day, the JTWC downgraded Phet to tropical storm status,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 4, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 017 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240522073441/https://www.webcitation.org/5qFkBJZ6p?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTIO31_201006042100.htm |archive-date=May 22, 2024 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> and by early on June 5, increased wind shear had displaced the center from the convection.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 5, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 018 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> Phet turned eastward once over the [[Gulf of Oman]], weakening to a deep depression by late on June 5.<ref name="imd"/> The circulation remained exposed, producing convection well ahead of the center.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 6, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 022 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> At 03:00 UTC on June 6, the IMD downgraded Phet further to depression status, assessing that the system made landfall at that intensity 12 hours later in southern Pakistan near [[Karachi]].<ref name="imd"/> The JTWC discontinued advisories once the storm moved ashore.<ref name="j24"/> Phet continued generally eastward, crossing the Pakistan/India in [[Rajasthan]]. On June 7, the depression weakened into a remnant low near [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name="imd"/>
==Preparations== [[File:Phet TMO 2010155 lrg.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cyclone Phet inland over Oman]] Oman's National Committee for Civil Defence coordinated the country's preparations for Phet, utilizing a national disaster plan that organized the various ministries,<ref name="imd"/> and providing early warnings.<ref name="wmo"/> Storm warnings were broadcast in seven languages, a response to there being only English and Arabic warnings during [[Cyclone Gonu]], which struck Oman in 2007.<ref name="fema">{{cite report|title=Emergency management in the Arabian Peninsula: A case study from the Sultanate of Oman|author=Sultan Z Al-Shaqsi|publisher=FEMA|year=2015|url=https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/downloads/compemmgmtbookproject/comparative%20em%20book%20-%20em%20in%20oman.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103202730/https://training.fema.gov/hiedu/downloads/compemmgmtbookproject/comparative%20em%20book%20-%20em%20in%20oman.doc|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 3, 2016|format=DOC}}</ref> Residents were advised to remain away from the rough seas during the storm. Businesses and schools were shut down in the areas the storm affected,<ref name="hindu"/> with schools operating as emergency shelters near [[Muscat, Oman|Muscat]].<ref>{{cite report|work=Government of Oman|date=June 5, 2010|access-date=September 12, 2016|title=Oman: Schools in capital shelter evacuees|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/oman/oman-schools-capital-shelter-evacuees}}</ref> About 85% of the isolated [[Masirah Island]] was evacuated;<ref name="hindu">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/article446191.ece|title=Oman braces for cyclone Phet|publisher=Thehindu|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=2010-06-04|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> the passage of Phet and [[List of Arabian Peninsula tropical cyclones|subsequent storms affecting the Arabian Peninsula]] influenced the Omani government's decision to build a fixed link with the island 40 km (25 mi) offshore.<ref name="Oman Daily Observer October 22, 2015">{{cite news|newspaper=Oman Daily Observer|date=October 22, 2015|title=Contract awarded for Masirah sea-bridge study in Oman|access-date=September 11, 2016|url=https://projects.zawya.com/Contract_awarded_for_Masirah_seabridge_study_in_Oman/story/ZAWYA20151022035826/|archive-date=January 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118103907/https://projects.zawya.com/Contract_awarded_for_Masirah_seabridge_study_in_Oman/story/ZAWYA20151022035826/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nationwide, 12,870 people evacuated, utilizing 91 government-opened shelters.<ref name="imd"/> Omani officials shut down the country's oil and gas production facilities during the storm.<ref name="reuk">{{cite news|title=Cyclone halts oil and gas in Oman|author=Saleh al-Shaibany |agency=Reuters UK|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=September 11, 2016|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-oman-cyclone-idUKTRE6514YX20100604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118032720/http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-oman-cyclone-idUKTRE6514YX20100604|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref>
In the [[United Arab Emirates]], officials activated rescue teams in the event of rough seas and floods from the storm,<ref name="hindu"/> and recommended that people stay away from the coast.<ref name="gulf"/>
The President of Pakistan ordered the military and government to take "immediate precautionary measures" as the tropical cyclone approached.<ref name="afp63"/> Hospitals in [[Karachi]], a city of 16 million people,<ref name="d5"/> and coastal areas of [[Sindh]] were put on high alert amidst cyclone warnings.<ref name="afp63"/> Officials advised that fishermen return to port ahead of the cyclone,<ref name="dawn"/> but more than 450 fishing boats with up to 6,000 people were still at sea. This sequence of events spurred a search and rescue mission by the [[Pakistan Navy]] that found 150 of them. Many boats sheltered in [[mangrove]]s along creeks near the coast.<ref name="dawn">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 3, 2010|access-date=September 11, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-tropical-cyclone-barrels-towards-sindhs-coast|title=Pakistan: Tropical cyclone barrels towards Sindh's coast}}</ref><ref name="boat">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=September 12, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-cyclone-phet-losing-intensity-met-office|title=Pakistan: Cyclone Phet losing intensity: Met office}}</ref> More than 102,000 people evacuated ahead of Phet's landfall with the assistance of the Pakistani Armed Forces,<ref name="usaid">{{cite report|title=USAID/DCHA Pakistan - Complex Emergency Fact Sheet #9, Fiscal Year (FY) 2010|work=United States Agency for International Development|date=July 15, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/E61D9EC929DF7975852577610072CAD8-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref><ref name="ndma"/> including 60,000 along the coast in Sindh province.<ref name="afp63">{{Cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=June 3, 2010|access-date=September 11, 2016|title=Pakistan evacuates 60,000 as cyclone Phet looms|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-evacuates-60000-cyclone-phet-looms}}</ref> Also in Sindh, 29,135 stayed in government shelters,<ref name="irin630"/> some of which lacked sufficient food.<ref name="afp66"/> Others stayed in families' house during the storm,<ref name="irin630"/> although thousands refused to evacuate at all.<ref name="afp66">{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=June 6, 2010|access-date=September 12, 2016|title=Rains lash Pakistan as Cyclone Phet closes in|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/rains-lash-pakistan-cyclone-phet-closes}}</ref> Coastal roads were closed to prevent people from nearing the rough seas.<ref name="dawn6"/> Officials directed farmers to shut down their irrigation systems. [[Non-government organization]]s and United Nations relief groups went on standby.<ref name="ndma"/> In Karachi, two ports were shut down and cleared of boats, while thousands of billboards were taken down.<ref name="d5">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 5, 2010|access-date=September 11, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/cyclone-phet-bears-down-pakistan-after-hitting-oman|title=Cyclone Phet bears down on Pakistan after hitting Oman}}</ref> Two [[Emirates (airline)|Emirates]] flights were postponed due to the storm, and train service from Punjab was delayed.<ref name="trib6">{{cite news|title=Cyclone Phet enters Sindh|author= Jahanzaib Haque|date=June 6, 2010|newspaper=The Express Tribune|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/19181/cyclone-phet-enters-sindh-live-updates/}}</ref>
Ahead of the advancing cyclone, over 8,000 people were evacuated from [[Kutch district]] in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]].<ref name="toi63">{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-03/india/28281717_1_cyclone-phet-oman-coast-severe-cyclonic-storm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811071229/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-03/india/28281717_1_cyclone-phet-oman-coast-severe-cyclonic-storm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 11, 2011|title=Over 8,000 evacuated as Cyclone Phet expected to hit Gujarat coast on Friday|date=June 3, 2010|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=October 29, 2016}}</ref>
==Impact and aftermath== {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; margin-left:0.5em" |- ! colspan=3|Death toll |- | Pakistan | 18 |<ref name="ndma"/> |- | Oman | 24 |<ref name="24 killed in Oman cyclone">{{cite news |url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/696072_24-killed-in-Oman-cyclone-|title=24 killed in Oman cyclone|publisher=Press Trust Of India|date=2010-06-06|access-date=2010-06-06}}</ref> |- | India | 5 |<ref name="imd"/> |- | Total | 47 | |}
===Oman=== [[File:Cyclone Phet TRRM rainfall map.jpg|thumb|left|200px|TTRM rainfall map]] During its passage, Phet dropped {{convert|472|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rainfall and produced winds of 157 km/h (98 mph) on Oman's offshore Masirah Island. On the mainland, winds reached around {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} at [[Sur, Oman|Sur]] along the eastern coastline, while rainfall peaked at {{convert|603|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Qurayyat, Oman|Qurayyat]].<ref name="wmo">{{cite report|year=2011|title=WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Thirty-Eighth Session|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=September 11, 2016|at=Appendix VII|chapter=Annual Report on Activities in Meteorology In the Sultanate of Oman During the year 2010|chapter-url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/PTC38_FinalReport-final_120220.pdf}}</ref> The heavy rainfall filled and overflowed the newly completed [[Wadi Dhaiqah]] Dam,<ref name="imd"/> and inundated [[wadi]]s, which are normally dry river beds.<ref name="wadi">{{cite report|work=Government of Oman|date=June 5, 2010|access-date=September 15, 2016|title=Heavy rains trigger flooding, Oman spared the worst|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/oman/heavy-rains-trigger-flooding-oman-spared-worst}}</ref> [[Flash flood]]ing along river banks swept away and killed seven people.<ref name="fema"/> Three people trapped by floods had to be rescued by the nation's military, which was deployed to help prepare for the storm.<ref name="gulf">{{cite news|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/weakened-cyclone-phet-hits-oman-causes-floods-1.636346|author=Sunil K. Vaidya|author2=Aftab Kazmi|title=Cyclone Phet hits Oman, causes floods|publisher=Gulf News|date=June 4, 2010|access-date=September 15, 2016}}</ref>
Across Oman, Phet's damage was estimated at over 300 million [[Omani rial|rials]] (US$780 million).<ref name="reu"/> Strong winds knocked down billboards,<ref name="hindu"/> trees, and power lines, causing power outages.<ref name="wadi"/> Water pipes and desalination plants were also damaged. Storm flooding washed away hundreds of cars, while also damaging roads and bridges.<ref name="reu">{{cite news|date=June 7, 2010|title=Cyclone Phet damages may cost $780 mln|author=Saleh Al-Shaibany|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49106920100607|access-date=January 22, 2016|archive-date=December 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214035448/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49106920100607|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nationwide, the cyclone wrecked thousands of homes.<ref name="aon">{{cite report|title=June 2010 Monthly Cat Recap –Impact Forecasting|publisher=AON Benfield|year=2010|access-date=November 14, 2016|url=http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com/documents/201006_if_monthly_cat_recap_june.pdf|archive-date=November 15, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115193705/http://thoughtleadership.aonbenfield.com/documents/201006_if_monthly_cat_recap_june.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> On the offshore Masirah Island, Phet's [[storm surge]] damaged or wrecked some boats, while strong winds damaged tin roofs and satellite dishes. The roof and compound wall of a resort hotel were damaged. Across eastern and northern Oman, heavy rainfall from Phet flooded low-lying areas and produced landslides. The Royal Oman Police helped direct or traffic after many roads were inundated or blocked. The floodwaters entered homes in [[Al-Ghubra]] and [[Al Athaiba]],<ref name="wadi"/> as well as the [[Qurum]] market in Muscat.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/oman/two-rain-related-deaths-reported-in-oman-1.636726|title=Two rain-related deaths reported in Oman|publisher=Gulf News|date=June 5, 2010|author=Sunil K. Vaidya|access-date=November 12, 2016}}</ref> According to Oman's National Committee for Civil Defence, Phet killed 16 people in the country,<ref name="wmo"/> although the IMD reported the death toll at 24.<ref name="imd"/>
Insurance companies in Oman paid out 77 million [[Omani rial|rials]] (US$200 million) to policy holders.<ref name="aon"/> The Omani Charity Organisation organized a convoy of 22 trucks, which carried water and food to storm victims, including in and around Muscat.<ref>{{cite report|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=June 10, 2010|title=Humanitarian Update: Regional Office for the Middle East, North Africa and Central Asia, May 2010|access-date=November 1, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/5B5763DE2D6E7F6B8525773E0057E541-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> The passage of Phet and subsequent storms led to the Omani government researching into building a fixed link with the offshore Masirah Island.<ref name="Oman Daily Observer October 22, 2015"/> Responding to the floods in Sur, the Omani government hired the [[Strabag]] construction company to build a new {{convert|1.2|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[embankment dam|earthen dam]] across Wadi Rafsah. The project, intended to withstand [[return period|1 in 10,000 year flooding]], was completed in 2016 at the cost of US$122 million.<ref>{{cite report|date=July 1, 2012|title=Sur to get flood protection dam|work=Government of Oman|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/oman/sur-get-flood-protection-dam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Construction Week Online|title=Strabag wins dam, road works worth $159m in Oman|date=July 28, 2013|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-23562-strabag-wins-dam-road-works-worth-159m-in-oman/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Times of Oman|date=May 13, 2016|title=Body retrieved from dam in Oman|author=Fahad Al Ghadani|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://timesofoman.com/article/83646/Oman/Government/Body-retrieved-from-dam-in-Oman}}</ref>
===Pakistan=== [[File:Phet jun 6 2010.jpg|thumb|right|Cyclone Phet near Pakistan on June 6]] Along the [[Balochistan, Pakistan|Balochistan]] coast, Phet produced {{convert|4|to|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} waves.<ref name="dawn7"/> Four boats were stranded at sea during the storm's passage,<ref name="d5"/> but the 18 marooned people were rescued by the Pakistani Navy.<ref name="dawn7">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 7, 2010|access-date=October 29, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-rain-wreaks-havoc-along-makran-coast|title=Pakistan: Rain wreaks havoc along Makran coast}}</ref> In southwestern Pakistan, Phet produced its strongest winds in the country at [[Jiwani]], where a station recorded winds of 83 km/h (52 mph).<ref name="pak">{{cite report|year=2011|title=WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones Thirty-Eighth Session|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|access-date=September 11, 2016|at=Appendix VII|chapter=Country Report of Pakistan|chapter-url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/PTC38_FinalReport-final_120220.pdf}}</ref> The storm also dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at {{convert|370|mm|in|abbr=on}} in [[Gwadar]],<ref name="pak"/> and caused a delay in the annual [[monsoon]] season.<ref>{{cite report|work=Pakistan Red Crescent Society|title=Pakistan: PRCS Monsoon 2010 Information Bulletin|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/8F463D8755120763C125775200412762-Full_Report.pdf|date=June 30, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb}}</ref> Phet killed at least 18 people in Pakistan – 11 by electrocution, and 7 due to collapsed walls.<ref name="ndma">{{cite report|pages=31–32|url=http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/Annual%20Report/NDMA%20Annual%20Report%202010.pdf|access-date=November 8, 2016|publisher=National Disaster Management Authority|title=Annual Report|editor1=Zeb-u-Nisa|editor2=Zahid Habib Bhutta|date=April 2011|archive-date=January 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118041145/http://www.ndma.gov.pk/Documents/Annual%20Report/NDMA%20Annual%20Report%202010.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The storm also injured dozens of others and left thousands of Pakistanis homeless,<ref name="Xinhua"/> after 5,000 houses were washed away. An estimated 200,000 people's lives were significantly affected,<ref>{{cite report|work=ACT Alliance|date=June 9, 2010|access-date=November 1, 2016|title=ACT Alert Pakistan - No. 17/2010 CYCLONE PHET|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/661169D6601D9B158525773D005056FA-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> and damage was estimated at [[Pakistani rupee|RS]]7 billion (US$80 million).<ref name="aon"/>
Along the [[Makran]] coast, heavy rainfall washed away hundreds of houses, leaving residents to ride out the storm along adjacent hillsides.<ref name="dawn6"/> Between Jiwani and Gwadar, Phet's rains washed away a bridge and damaged several portions of the [[Makran Coastal Highway]],<ref name="dawn6"/> while also halting service for [[Pakistan Railways]].<ref name="fp67"/> Ten hours of rainfall in Gwadar flooded the port,<ref name="dawn6"/> damaging dozens of boats and launches.<ref name="dawn7"/> Throughout the town, Phet wrecked around 10,000 houses.<ref name="aon"/> The storm flooded coastal neighborhoods, inundating the [[Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation]] building which temporarily lost its capability for [[FM broadcasting]].<ref name="dawn6"/> For five days, the town and other coastal locations were without power or natural gas due to the storm.<ref name="irin613">{{Cite news|agency=IRIN|date=June 13, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefeWeb|title=PAKISTAN: Balochistan cyclone-affected protest slow response|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-balochistan-cyclone-affected-protest-slow-response}}</ref> Elsewhere, the rains filled and washed away irrigation dams,<ref name="dawn6">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|author=Saleem Shahid|date=June 6, 2010|access-date=September 15, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-heavy-rain-batters-gwadar-cyclone-eyes-karachi|title=Pakistan: Heavy rain batters Gwadar, cyclone eyes Karachi}}</ref> and swept away fishing boats.<ref name="stc67">{{cite report|work=Save the Children|date=June 7, 2016|title=Save the Children Prepares to Assist Children and Families in Pakistan as Tropical Storm Phet Swamps Coastal Communities|publisher=ReliefWeb|access-date=October 29, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/save-children-prepares-assist-children-and-families-pakistan-tropical-storm-phet}}</ref> Heavy rainfall also caused power outages in [[Hyderabad, Sindh|Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=PakPoint|title=Phet moves past Karachi, hits Thatta|date=June 6, 2010|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://www.pakpoint.org/phet-moves-past-karachi-hits-thatta/14894/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113174628/http://www.pakpoint.org/phet-moves-past-karachi-hits-thatta/14894/|archive-date=November 13, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Along the Sindh coast, the storm wrecked around 3,000 houses made largely of straw.<ref name="irin630"/> Residual storm flooding damaged around 180,000 bags of wheat weighing millions of tons.<ref>{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 27, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-rains-damage-millions-tons-wheat-sindh|title=Pakistan: Rains damage millions of tons of wheat in Sindh}}</ref>
Karachi's [[Jinnah International Airport]] recorded winds of 56 km/h (35 mph),<ref name="j24">{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=June 6, 2010 |title=Tropical Cyclone 03A (Phet) Warning NR 024 |access-date=September 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807232013/http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |archive-date=August 7, 2010 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtio31.pgtw..txt |url-status=dead }}</ref> and storm rainfall reached {{convert|152|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="pak"/> Years of disaster mitigation prevented significant storm damage in Karachi,<ref name="d10"/> although the effects were disruptive. The storm's strong winds downed at least 200 power lines, leaving several neighborhoods without power for over 12 hours.<ref name="trib6"/><ref name="fp67"/> A boy died when shocked in a pool of storm rainfall, one of seven electrocution deaths in the city due to the storm. One building was wrecked during the storm's passage.<ref name="afp610">{{cite news|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=June 10, 2010|access-date=October 29, 2016|title=Cyclone Phet kills 10 in Pakistan|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/cyclone-phet-kills-10-pakistan}}</ref> Traffic accidents occurred after major roadways were inundated.<ref name="trib6"/> Karachi's sanitation department worked quickly to drain the floods.<ref name="fp67">{{cite news|agency=Frontier Post|access-date=October 29, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=June 7, 2016|title=Phet moves past Karachi, hits Thatta 11 dead as rains, storm lash Sindh F. P. Report|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/phet-moves-past-karachi-hits-thatta-11-dead-rains-storm-lash-sindh-f-p-report}}</ref>
Within two days of Phet's passage, most of the evacuees were allowed to return home.<ref name="ocha611">{{cite report|work=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|date=June 11, 2010|title=Pakistan Humanitarian Update Issue 16|access-date=November 3, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/0563612A9B7D1F7FC125773F0033DCBD-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> In Gwadar however, storm flooding caused shortages of food and medicine, leading to price increases.<ref name="irin613"/> [[List of Chief Ministers of Balochistan|Balochistan Chief Minister]] [[Aslam Raisani]] allocated RS500 million toward reconstructing damaged areas.<ref name="dawn6"/> The Sindh provincial government declared six [[Districts of Pakistan|districts]] as disaster areas.<ref name="irin630">{{Cite news|agency=IRIN|date=June 30, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefeWeb|title=PAKISTAN: Cyclone-hit communities brace for monsoon|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-cyclone-hit-communities-brace-monsoon}}</ref> The government opened 214 relief camps,<ref name="ndma"/> with 160 in Karachi alone; these facilities also gave out food to storm victims.<ref name="d10">{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 10, 2010|access-date=October 29, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-around-160-relief-camps-set-across-karachi-ibad|title=Pakistan: Around 160 relief camps set up across Karachi – Ibad}}</ref> These relief camps were also opened in schools to service as temporary hospitals,<ref name="fp67"/> with 24 medical teams dispatched by the government to help injured residents.<ref>{{cite news|agency=DAWN Group of Newspapers|date=June 11, 2010|access-date=November 3, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-people-displaced-phet-return-home-ndma|title=Pakistan: People displaced by Phet return home – NDMA}}</ref> The Pakistani military helped in search and rescue missions,<ref name="Xinhua">{{cite news|author=Syed Moazzam Hashmi|title= Cyclone "Phet" leaves 15 dead, thousands homeless in Pakistan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-06/07/c_13337519.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233439/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-06/07/c_13337519.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 10, 2010|access-date=November 8, 2016|agency=Xinhua|date=June 7, 2010}}</ref> and also traveled by air and sea to bring emergency blankets, tents, and medicine to damaged coastal towns.<ref name="dawn7"/><ref name="afp610"/><ref name="ndma"/><ref name="irin613"/> Responding to the storm damage, the [[Save the Children]] organization sent supplies to its Hyderabad office, including medical kits for two weeks of care for 8,000 people, as well as 34,000 water purification tablets.<ref name="stc67"/> The [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|International Red Cross]]'s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund provided US$45,935 to support the [[Pakistan Red Crescent Society]],<ref>{{Cite report|work=International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|title=Pakistan: Cyclone PHET and floods – DREF operation n° MDRPK005 – Operation Update n°1|date=June 29, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|publisher=ReliefWeb|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/81D9B33A1225E81DC125775100402C33-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref> which gave out 5,000 mosquito nets, along with food and tents to affected families.<ref>{{Cite report|work=Pakistan Red Crescent Society|title=PAKISTAN RED CRESCENT SOCIETY HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE A SPECIAL REPORT ON Red Crescent PHET Response – PHET, IDPs, Avalanches and Land Slides|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=June 11, 2010|access-date=November 4, 2016|url=http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/193BC2AF638F81264925776C00101E52-Full_Report.pdf}}</ref>
===India=== While Phet moved ashore Pakistan, its convection spread ahead of the center into India, bringing heavy rainfall up to {{convert|180|mm|in|abbr=on}} in western [[Rajasthan]]. The rains helped alleviate drought conditions, but the associated floods killed several animals, including 11 [[chinkara]]s and 35 [[blackbuck]]s,<ref name="imd"/> and many livestock.<ref name="army"/> Heavy rains also knocked down trees and power lines,<ref name="ie68"/> while also covering highways and rail lines; 250 people became stranded when four train lines going to [[Jaisalmer]] were canceled. Near [[Pokhran]], floodwaters {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}} deep washed away 35 houses. This led to the [[Indian Armed Forces]] to evacuate about 300 villagers and to rescue 60 people from a flooded mosque.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/Phet-effect-Flood-like-situation-in-Jaisalmer/articleshow/6026278.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Phet effect: Flood-like situation in Jaisalmer | date=June 9, 2010|access-date=November 13, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-08/jaipur/28291796_1_heavy-rain-flash-floods-jaisalmer | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811074928/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-06-08/jaipur/28291796_1_heavy-rain-flash-floods-jaisalmer | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 11, 2011 | title=Heavy rain batters western Rajasthan | date=June 8, 2010| work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=November 13, 2016}}</ref> Phet killed five people in India,<ref name="imd"/> all in Gujarat – three of the fatalities by electrocution, one by a lightning strike, and one by drowning.<ref name="army">{{cite web|work=Daily News and Analysis|date=June 8, 2010|access-date=November 12, 2016|title=Rains claim four lives in Kutch|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-rains-claim-four-lives-in-kutch-1393385}}</ref><ref name="ie68">{{cite news|newspaper=The Indian Express|title=Four killed as winds, heavy rains lash Saurashtra, Kutch|date=June 8, 2010|access-date=November 12, 2016|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/four-killed-as-winds--heavy-rains-lash-saurashtra--kutch/630906}}</ref>
==See also== {{Portal|Tropical cyclones}} *[[Tropical cyclones in 2010]] *[[2010 Pakistan floods]] – severe floods that affected Pakistan a month after Phet *[[List of Arabian Peninsula tropical cyclones|Arabian Peninsula tropical cyclones]] **[[Cyclone Gonu]] (2007) **[[Cyclone Yemyin]] (2007) **[[Cyclone Kyarr]] (2019) * Related lists **[[List of the most intense tropical cyclones#North Indian Ocean|List of the Most Intense Tropical Cyclones in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal]] **[[List of wettest tropical cyclones by country#Pakistan|List of wettest tropical cyclones in Pakistan]]
==Notes== {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist|2}}
==External links== {{Commons category|Cyclone Phet}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100605081332/http://pakmet.com.pk/tcyclone-video/tcyclone.html Pakistan Meteorological Department] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150517005046/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/cyclone.htm India Meteorological Department] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100605103148/http://www.met.gov.om/eindex.php3 Meteorological Department of Oman] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100523105637/http://www.ncms.ae/english/ National Center for Meteorology and Seismology, UAE ] *[http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Center, US ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301105349/http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC |date=2010-03-01 }}
{{2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season buttons}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Phet (2010)}} [[Category:2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in Oman]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in Pakistan]] [[Category:Very severe cyclonic storms]] [[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2010]]