Cumberland Terrace

{{Short description|Grade I listed terrace in London}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}} {{Use British English|date=January 2018}} thumb|upright=1.5|Cumberland Terrace

'''Cumberland Terrace''' is a neoclassical terrace on the eastern side of Regent's Park in the London Borough of Camden, completed in 1826. It is a Grade I listed building.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Numbers 1-59 and attached railings|num=1067386|accessdate=17 May 2020}}</ref>

==History== It was one of several terraces and crescents around Regent's Park designed by the British architect John Nash (1752–1835), under the patronage of the Prince Regent (later George IV). The terrace was to stand opposite the Prince's proposed palace in the park and was therefore of particular importance in the scheme. It was named after the Prince Regent's brother, the Duke of Cumberland (King George III's younger son), later King of Hanover.<ref name="London Gardens Online">{{cite web |url=https://londongardenstrust.org/conservation/inventory/site-record/?ID=CAM029 |title=Cumberland Terrace |website=London Gardens Online |others=London Gardens and Parks Trust |access-date=24 September 2015 }}</ref>

The Terrace was built by William Mountford Nurse, with James Thomson serving as resident architect, and was completed in 1826. It consists of three main blocks, linked by decorative arches with typical neoclassical style and grandeur. The central block includes a large sculptural pediment by J. G. Bubb above a long colonnade of Ionic columns. Originally comprising 31 houses which were entirely reconstructed behind the original façade in the 1960s, some have been converted into flats but many houses are still separate family homes.<ref name="London Gardens Online" />

During the Second World War the Nash buildings around the park, including Cumberland Terrace, fell into what one newspaper called "a sad state of neglect … caused by bombing and the ravages of time".<ref name=glory>"The Glory of John Nash's London", ''The Sphere'', 13 September 1952, p. 395</ref> An official report commented "there is not a single terrace which does not give the impression of hopeless dereliction".<ref name=report/> In the early 1950s restoration work restored the portico of Cumberland Terrace to "its former glory".<ref name=glory/> The terrace was mainly occupied by government departments during and after the war, and in the 1950s there was a short-lived proposal to turn the whole terrace into a hall of residence for the University of London.<ref>"Nash Houses May Be Spared", ''Marylebone Mercury'', 11 June 1954, p. 1</ref> By 1957 the freeholder of the terrace, the Crown Estate, had adopted the policy of returning it, and the other Nash terraces, to private residential use,<ref>"Preserving the Nash Terraces", ''The Sphere'', 14 December 1957, p. 434</ref> as recommended ten years earlier in the report of a government committee on the post-war future of the terraces.<ref name=report>"Nash Houses Turned Down As a New "Whitehall", ''Illustrated London News'', 26 April 1947, p. 423</ref>

==Notable residents== The first resident, William Mountford Nurse himself, moved into the terrace in 1828; the building was not fully occupied until 1836.<ref name="lovell">{{cite web|title='Cumberland Terrace and Place', in Survey of London: Volume 19, the Parish of St Pancras Part 2: Old St Pancras and Kentish Town|first1= Percy |last1=Lovell |first2=William McB.|last2= Marcham |location=London|year=1938|pages=116–118|publisher=British History Online|url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol19/pt2/pp116-118 |access-date= 17 May 2020}}</ref>

Another early resident was the art collector Henry Vaughan, who lived at no. 28 from 1834 until his death in 1899. He gave ''The Hay Wain'' to the National Gallery after enjoying it at home for some twenty years.<ref>Herrmann, L. (2004, September 23). Vaughan, Henry (1809–1899), art collector. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 31 Mar. 2021, from https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-28131</ref>

In the 1920s and 1930s the pianist Mark Hambourg lived at 27 Cumberland Terrace with his wife, the violinist Dorothea Muir Mackenzie and their four daughters, including the pianist Michal Hambourg.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/michal-hambourg-544709.html Michal Hambourg obituary], ''The Independent'', 9 October, 2011</ref> Other residents of the terrace included the actresses Gladys Cooper<ref>"In Miss Gladys Cooper's Home: At Cumberland Terrace", ''The Sketch'', 10 April 1918, p. 36</ref> and Fay Compton.<ref>"Fay Compton", ''The Bioscope'', 19 April 1928, p. 34</ref> Wallis Simpson moved into No 16 in 1936 after leaving her husband.<ref>"Mrs Simpson's Life-Story", ''The Sphere'', 12 December 1936, p. 506</ref> Among those born in Cumberland Terrace were the theatre manager Sir Bronson Albery, the teacher and historian Oscar Browning, the author Daphne du Maurier (at the house, no. 24, of her father, the actor Gerald du Maurier) and the playwright Gertrude Jennings.<ref>[https://www.oxforddnb.com/search?f_0=fulltext&page=2&pageSize=20&q_0=%22Cumberland+Terrace%22&sort=titlesort "Cumberland Terrace"], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''. Retrieved 22 September 2021</ref> ==See also== * List of eponymous roads in London

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== *[http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/cumberland_terrace_a2.html Notes, photographs and maps] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20091203173434/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Palladio/PalladianBritain/VillasInBritain/LostAndHiddenVillas/CumberlandTerrace.aspx Lost and hidden villas] *[http://www.doctorwholocations.net/locations/cumberlandterrace Doctor Who Locations – Cumberland Terrace] *[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64871 History, Historical Illustrations]

Category:Houses completed in 1826 Category:Housing in London Category:Regent's Park Category:Grade I listed buildings in the London Borough of Camden Category:John Nash (architect) buildings Category:Streets in the London Borough of Camden Category:Grade I listed residential buildings Category:1826 establishments in England Category:Regency architecture in London