{{About|the town in Turkey||Göksun (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox Turkey place | type = metro district | name = Göksun | image_skyline = Göksun, Provinz Kahramanmaraş.jpg | image_caption = | image_map = Kahramanmaraş location Göksun.PNG | map_caption = Map showing Göksun District in Kahramanmaraş Province | coordinates = {{coord|38|01|16|N|36|29|30|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | province = Kahramanmaraş | leader_party = YRP | leader_name = Selim Cüce | leader_name1 = | area_total_km2 = 1942 | elevation_m = 1350 | population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/> | population_total = 50676 | population_as_of = 2022 | postal_code = 46600 | area_code = 0344 | website = {{url|http://www.goksun.bel.tr/}} }} '''Göksun''' ({{langx|el|Κυκυσός|Kykysós}}, or {{lang|el|Κουκουσός}}, ''Koukousós''; {{langx|la|Coxon}} or {{lang|la|Cucusus}}; {{langx|hy|Կոկիսոն}}) is a municipality and [[Districts of Turkey|district]] of [[Kahramanmaraş Province]], [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> Its area is 1,942 km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref> and its population is 50,676 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=19 September 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> It is near one of the sources of the [[Ceyhan River]] (ancient Pyramos), in the ancient region of [[Cataonia]].
== History == Cucusus has an ancient history, first included in [[Cataonia]], then in [[Cappadocia]], and then in the [[Roman province]] of [[Armenia Secunda]]. The Byzantine bishops, [[Paul the Confessor]] (died 350 AD), [[John Chrysostom]] (died 407 AD) and Emperor [[Basiliscus]] (died 476 AD) either died in or were exiled to this remote place. Of its bishops, Domnus took part in the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451), Longinus was a signatory of the joint letter of the bishops of the province of Armenia Secunda to [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Leo I the Thracian]] in 458 concerning the murder of [[Proterius of Alexandria]], Ioannes was at the [[Second Council of Constantinople]] (553), and another Ioannes at the [[Trullan Council]] of 692.<ref>Raymond Janin, v. ''Cucuse'' in [http://booksnow.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca2/4/dictionnairedhis13bauduoft/dictionnairedhis13bauduoft.pdf ''Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques''], vol. XIII, 1956, coll. 1084-1085</ref><ref>Michel Lequien, [https://books.google.com/books?id=0agp0mJFG_sC ''Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus''], Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 451-452</ref><ref>Pius Bonifacius Gams, [http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=65154&dirids=1 ''Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae''], Leipzig 1931, p. 441</ref> No longer a residential bishopric, Cucusus is today listed by the [[Catholic Church]] as a [[titular see]].<ref>''Annuario Pontificio 2013'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 {{ISBN|978-88-209-9070-1}}), p. 838</ref>
In the mid-10th century the town received many Armenian immigrants fleeing the [[Seljuk Turk]]ish invasion and by 1097, when the army of the [[First Crusade]] marched towards the region and arrived at Cucusus, they encountered a large prosperous town populated by Armenians.{{sfn|Sinclair|1989|p=513}} The town, most likely with its own wall, remained under control of the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia|Armenian princes of Cilicia]] but was abandoned due to [[Turkoman (ethnonym)|Türkmen]] raids around 1375, with its inhabitants taking refuge in the towns of [[Saimbeyli|Hadjin]] and [[Zeytun|Zeitun]].{{sfn|Sinclair|1989|p=517}} After that, the town became part of the [[Beylik of Dulkadir]] before it was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] in 1515.{{sfn|Sinclair|1989|pp=517-519}} In April 1915, the remaining Armenian population of Cucusus was deported during the [[Armenian genocide|Armenian Genocide]].{{sfn|Kévorkian|2011|p=588}}
== 2009 helicopter crash == {{main|2009 Medair TC-HEK helicopter crash}} On March 25, 2009, a chartered helicopter carrying [[Great Union Party]]'s (BBP) [[Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu]], three of his party's local leaders, and a reporter crashed at Mount Keş. The pilot and all the passengers but the reporter were killed. İsmail Güneş, who initially survived, made an emergency call reporting the accident. A massive search and rescue operation, attended by thousands and assisted by helicopters and aircraft, was conducted. However, the wreckage and the five bodies were recovered only 47 hours later. The corpse of the reporter was found five days later far from the crash site.
==Composition== There are 76 [[mahalle|neighbourhoods]] in Göksun District:<ref>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx Mahalle], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.</ref> {{div col|colwidth=12em}} * Acıelma * Ahmetçik * Alıçlıbucak * Altınoba * Apıklar * Arslanbeyçiftliği * Bahçelievler * Berit * Bozarmut * Bozhüyük * Büyükçamurlu * Büyükkızılcık * Çağlayan * Çamdere * Çardak * Cumhuriyet * Değirmendere * Doğankonak * Elmalı * Ericek * Esenköy * Fındıkköy * Fındıklıkoyak * Gölpınar * Göynük * [[Gücüksu]] * Güldağı * Güller * Hacıkodal * Hacımirza * Hacıömer * Harbiye * Huğtaş * Kaleboynu * Kaleköy * Kamışcık * Kanlıkavak * Karaahmet * Karadut * Karaömer * Kavşut * Kayabaşı * Kazandere * Keklikoluk * Kemalpaşa * Kınıkkonaz * [[Kireçköy]] * Kızılöz * Kömürköy * Köprübaşı * Korkmaz * Küçükçamurlu * Kurtuluş * Mahmutbey * Mehmetbey * Mevlana * Mürselköy * Ortatepe * [[Payamburnu, Göksun|Payamburnu]] * Pınarbaşı * Saraycık * Sırmalı * Soğukpınar * Tahirbey * Taşoluk * Temürağa * Tepebaşı * Tombak * Yağmurlu * Yantepe * Yeni * Yeniyapan * Yeşilköy * Yiricek * Yoğunoluk * Yunus Emre {{div col end}}
==Climate== Göksun has a dry-summer [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Dsb'').<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref> Summers are dry, with hot days and cool nights, and winters are cold and snowy.
{{Weather box | width = auto | collapsed = yes | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = Göksun (1991–2020) | Jan high C = 2.2 | Feb high C = 4.1 | Mar high C = 9.4 | Apr high C = 15.1 | May high C = 20.2 | Jun high C = 25.5 | Jul high C = 29.9 | Aug high C = 30.4 | Sep high C = 26.2 | Oct high C = 19.8 | Nov high C = 11.4 | Dec high C = 4.6 | year high C = 16.6 | Jan mean C = -3.3 | Feb mean C = -1.8 | Mar mean C = 3.5 | Apr mean C = 8.7 | May mean C = 13.0 | Jun mean C = 17.5 | Jul mean C = 21.2 | Aug mean C = 21.0 | Sep mean C = 16.5 | Oct mean C = 11.1 | Nov mean C = 4.3 | Dec mean C = -0.7 | year mean C = 9.3 | Jan low C = -8.0 | Feb low C = -6.9 | Mar low C = -1.6 | Apr low C = 2.6 | May low C = 5.9 | Jun low C = 9.0 | Jul low C = 11.5 | Aug low C = 11.1 | Sep low C = 7.3 | Oct low C = 3.7 | Nov low C = -1.4 | Dec low C = -5.0 | year low C = 2.4 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 78.59 | Feb precipitation mm = 61.99 | Mar precipitation mm = 70.39 | Apr precipitation mm = 63.23 | May precipitation mm = 55.21 | Jun precipitation mm = 16.76 | Jul precipitation mm = 5.51 | Aug precipitation mm = 6.19 | Sep precipitation mm = 13.32 | Oct precipitation mm = 42.32 | Nov precipitation mm = 61.96 | Dec precipitation mm = 80.74 | year precipitation mm = 556.21
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 9.3 | Feb precipitation days = 8.1 | Mar precipitation days = 7.6 | Apr precipitation days = 7.7 | May precipitation days = 8.2 | Jun precipitation days = 3.6 | Jul precipitation days = 1.6 | Aug precipitation days = 1.9 | Sep precipitation days = 3.0 | Oct precipitation days = 5.3 | Nov precipitation days = 6.5 | Dec precipitation days = 8.8 | year precipitation days = 71.6
| Jan humidity = 78.9 | Feb humidity = 75.2 | Mar humidity = 70.0 | Apr humidity = 65.6 | May humidity = 64.8 | Jun humidity = 57.5 | Jul humidity = 50.5 | Aug humidity = 53.0 | Sep humidity = 58.4 | Oct humidity = 68.1 | Nov humidity = 71.8 | Dec humidity = 78.6 | year humidity = 65.9 | Jan sun = 100.7 | Feb sun = 119.3 | Mar sun = 172.1 | Apr sun = 205.9 | May sun = 260.3 | Jun sun = 318.2 | Jul sun = 363.9 | Aug sun = 326.4 | Sep sun = 281.6 | Oct sun = 213.6 | Nov sun = 155.4 | Dec sun = 92.6 | year sun = 2610.2
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Goksun_17866.csv |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Göksun |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date = January 15, 2024}}</ref> }}
==References== {{reflist}}
==Sources== *{{cite book |last1=Kévorkian |first1=Raymond |title=The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History |date=2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780857719300}} *{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=T.A. |title=Eastern Turkey: An Architectural and Archaeological Survey, Volume II |date=1989 |publisher=ISD LLC |isbn=9781904597735}}
== External links == * {{Official website|http://www.goksun.bel.tr/|District municipality's official website}} {{in lang|tr}}
{{Districts of Turkey|provname=Kahramanmaraş|image=Kahramanmaras|sortkey=Goksun}} {{Göksun District}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Goksun}} [[Category:Göksun| ]] [[Category:Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province]] [[Category:Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province]] [[Category:Roman towns and cities in Turkey]] [[Category:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] [[Category:Former Armenian communities in Kahramanmaraş Province]] [[Category:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey]]