{{short description|none}} {{Infobox National flag | Name = Republic of Cuba | Article = | Image = Flag of Cuba.svg | Nickname = ''{{Lang|es|Bandera de la Estrella Solitaria}}''<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-08-17 |title=The Global Legacy of Cuba's Estrella Solitaria (Lone Star Flag) |url=https://nava.org/digital-library/raven/Raven_v24_2017_pp001-026.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817232020/https://nava.org/digital-library/raven/Raven_v24_2017_pp001-026.pdf |archive-date=2020-08-17 |access-date=2022-08-23 |last=Chacón |first=Hipólito Rafael |website=North American Vexillological Association}}</ref> (Flag of the Lone Star) | Morenicks = | Use = 111111 | Symbol = {{FIAV|111111}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Mirror}} | Proportion = 1:2<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=flag of Cuba {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Cuba |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Britannica|language=en |first=Whitney |last=Smith}}</ref> | Adoption = {{Start date and age|1902|05|20|df=yes}}<ref name=":0"/> (modified color on 21 April 1906) | Design = Three horizontal stripes of indigo blue alternate with two of white with a red equilateral triangle with base fixed to the hoist-side bearing a white five-pointed star in the center. | Designer = Miguel Teurbe Tolón and Narciso López | Image2 = Flag of the President of Cuba.svg | Use2 = Flag of the president of Cuba | Symbol2 = {{FIAV|normal}} | Adoption2 = {{Start date and age|1904|01|15|df=yes}} | Image3 = Naval Jack of Cuba.svg | Nickname3 = (the flag of) La Demajagua | Morenicks3 = Secondary Flag | Use3 = Naval jack | Symbol3 = {{FIAV|normal}} | Adoption3 = {{Start date and age|1869|04|10|df=yes}} }} [[File:Cuba May 2014 (14153895015).jpg|thumb|National flags on El Malecón, Havana]] [[File:Cuba_2013-01-29_(8572124067)a.jpg|thumb|Cuban flag on display in Villa Clara]]

The national flag of Cuba, also known as the '''Flag of the Lone Star''' ({{Langx|es|Bandera de la Estrella Solitaria}}), consists of five alternating stripes (three navy blue and two white) and a cherry red chevron at the hoist, within which is a white five-pointed star. It was designed in 1849 and officially adopted May 20, 1902. The flag is referred to as the ''{{Lang|es|Estrella Solitaria}}'', or the ''Lone Star'' flag.<ref name=":1"/> Vexillologist Alfred Znamierowski assigns the flag to his Stars and Stripes flag family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Znamierowski |first1=Alfred |title=The World Encyclopedia of Flags |date=2003 |publisher=Hermes House, Anness Publishing Limited |location=London |pages=113-115 |url=https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0000alfr/mode/2up |access-date=19 July 2025}}</ref>

==History and symbolism== Fighting against the Spanish Crown with the rebel armies of Venezuela, Narciso López moved from his native Caracas to Havana, Cuba. His involvement in anti-colonial movements forced him into exile. In 1849, he moved to New York City, United States, where he continued to advocate for an independent Cuba.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83045462/1926-02-04/ed-1/?sp=45&q=flag&r=0.187,0.051,0.59,0.248,0 Evening star, February 4, 1926, page 45]</ref>

The three blue stripes represent the three departments in which Cuba was divided at that time; the white, purity of the patriot cause; and the red triangle, a symbol of strength, constancy, and Mason influences (triangles are Masonic symbols for equality and were found in a number of other flags in the former Spanish empire).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=flag of Cuba {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Cuba |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Britannica|language=en |first=Whitney |last=Smith}}</ref>

The poet Miguel Teurbe Tolón designed the flag alongside Lopez, based upon the story of López's vision. Emilia Teurbe Tolón, Miguel's wife, sewed the first flag, under the guidance and direction of Marta Abreu, the "Patroness of Cuba."<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Libre |date=2023-11-21 |title=MARTA ABREU |url=https://libreonline.com/marta-abreu/ |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Libre Online |language=es}}</ref> López and Tolón, together with José Aniceto Iznaga Borrell,<ref>Jorge Iznaga. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402141725/http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=iznaga&id=I53 JOSE ANICETO IZNAGABORRELL] Iznaga Genealogy (IZNAGA - 1420 - Present), Retrieved 5 December 2012.</ref> his nephew José María Sánchez Iznaga,<ref>Jorge Iznaga. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161156/http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=iznaga&id=I367 JOSE MARIA SANCHEZ IZNAGA] Iznaga Genealogy (IZNAGA - 1420 - Present), Retrieved 5 December 2012.</ref> Cirilo Villaverde and Juan Manuel Macías, settled upon the final design for the flag of Cuba: two white stripes, three blue, a red triangle, and a lone star.

López used this same flag in 1850 to carry out his ultimately unsuccessful coup attempt to liberate Cuba from Spanish rule. On May 19, 1850, Cuban rebels took the coastal town of Cárdenas, and hoisted the lone-star flag for the first time.

A year after the start of the Ten Years' War, the first Constituent Assembly of the Republic of Cuba met arms in Guáimaro, Camagüey Province. The debate focused on two flags of great symbolism, the Demajagua – which was very similar to the Chilean flag – created by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes to give start to the war of independence, and the Lone Star of López, the latter being chosen in recognition of López having taken the first step towards the freedom of Cuba. The Demajagua flag was not scrapped, but instead was put in the House of Representatives sessions and retained as part of the national treasure.

On the morning of May 20, 1902, the day Cuba officially became an independent republic, Generalissimo Máximo Gómez had the honor of hoisting the flag on the flagpole of the castles of the Tres Reyes del Morro, Havana; with this act, he sealed the end of the Cuban revolution and the end of struggle for Cuban independence, and, at the same time, justified the sacrifice that so many offered to make this dream become reality.

Both the flag and the coat of arms were designed by Miguel Teurbe Tolón. The design specifications of both were formally established by decree of the first president of Cuba, Tomás Estrada Palma, on April 21, 1906.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Ley de 6 de enero de 1906 y decreto presidencial de 24 de abril del mismo año ; regularizando el uso de la bandera, escudo y sello de la República de Cuba |url=https://nrs.lib.harvard.edu/urn-3:fhcl:534882 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Latin American Pamphlet Digital Collection - CURIOSity Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref> The flag has remained unchanged since then, even during and after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, which established the present-day communist state of the Republic of Cuba.

In 2019, Cuba introduced the "National Symbols Bill". The official press release said the bill "would establish more flexible use of these items with a view toward promoting their greater presence in society, within a legally defined, respectful framework".<ref>{{cite web |last=Castro Morales |first=Yudy |date=March 21, 2019 |title=History preserved in our national symbols |url=http://en.granma.cu/cuba/2019-03-21/history-preserved-in-our-national-symbols |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705112430/https://en.granma.cu/cuba/2019-03-21/history-preserved-in-our-national-symbols |archive-date=Jul 5, 2022 |website=Granma}}</ref> According to ADN Cuba, the bill states that the flag could be used "as a means of publicity only when the messages that are transferred contribute to fostering and developing patriotic values in people and to form a patriotic conscience of respect and veneration for them and for the historical tradition of the nation".<ref>{{cite web |date=2019-07-10 |title=Nueva ley de símbolos nacionales incluye prohibiciones de uso "en sayas, pañuelos y ropa interior" |url=https://adncuba.com/noticias-de-cuba/actualidad/nueva-ley-de-simbolos-nacionales-incluye-prohibiciones-de-uso-en-sayas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208190713/https://adncuba.com/noticias-de-cuba/actualidad/nueva-ley-de-simbolos-nacionales-incluye-prohibiciones-de-uso-en-sayas |archive-date=Feb 8, 2021 |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=ADN Cuba |language=es}}</ref> In August 2019, artists from the San Isidro Movement launched a campaign using the hashtag "#{{Lang|es|LaBanderaEsDeTodos}}" to protest against restrictions placed on the use of the Cuban flag by the Cuban government and the arrest of artist Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara under the new law.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 Aug 2019 |title=Artistas independientes del Movimiento San Isidro lanzan reto #LaBanderaEsDeTodos |url=https://adncuba.com/actualidad/artistas-independientes-lanzan-reto-labanderaesdetodos |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826182634/https://adncuba.com/actualidad/artistas-independientes-lanzan-reto-labanderaesdetodos |archive-date=Aug 26, 2022 |website=ADN Cuba}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latintimes.com/why-placing-cuban-flag-your-shoulders-could-take-you-jail-442785|title=Why Placing Cuban Flag On Your Shoulders Could Take You To Jail?|first=Shirley|last=Gómez|date=August 14, 2019|website=Latin Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Fusco |first=Coco |date=19 September 2019 |title=Cuba's Campaign Against Artist Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara |url=https://hyperallergic.com/518206/cubas-campaign-against-artist-luis-manuel-otero-alcantara/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226020221/https://hyperallergic.com/518206/cubas-campaign-against-artist-luis-manuel-otero-alcantara/ |archive-date=Dec 26, 2022 |website=Hyperallergic}}</ref>

==Subsequent use== In April 1869, López's flag was designated the national banner by the Congress of the Republic of Cuba. López's flag was the model for the flag of Puerto Rico, adopted in 1895 by the Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico, a pro-independence group that worked under the auspices of the Cuban Revolutionary Party.

After the United States seized Cuba from Spain during the Spanish–American War, the U.S. flag flew from January 1, 1899, until independence was granted. On May 20, 1902, the Cuban national flag was hoisted as a symbol of independence and sovereignty. It has been used ever since, and the flag has remained unchanged even after the Cuban Revolution of 1959. During the revolution, Cuban prime minister Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement created a party flag equally divided in red and black like the Angolan national flag, usually in horizontal stripes and often with inscriptions, which is often flown on public buildings.

==Specifications== 250px

The Cuban flag is at a length-to-width ratio of 2:1.<ref name=":0"/> It is made up of 5 alternating horizontal stripes, three blue and two white. These blue and white stripes are of equal width. Since 1906, the color of blue is specified as ''azul turquí'', a dark, saturated blue such as indigo or Prussian blue. The red chevron is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The star within the chevron has a diameter that is {{frac|1|3}} the length of the hoist. Its middle is halfway up the flag.<ref>{{cite web |title=Symbols of the cuban nation |url=http://www.nacion.cult.cu/en/sobrebandera.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811230837/http://www.nacion.cult.cu/en/sobrebandera.htm |archive-date=Aug 11, 2021 |access-date=2021-09-19 |website=nacion.cult.cu}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="width:60%; text-align:center;" |- ! 40px<br />Colors&nbsp;scheme ! ! style="background:#002590; width:100px; color:white;"| Blue ! style="background:#CC0D0D; width:100px; color:white;"| Red ! style="background:#fff; width:100px; color:black;"| White |- | Pantone || 301 || 485 || White |- | CMYK || 100-74-0-44<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date= |title=Cuba flag color codes |url=https://www.flagcolorcodes.com/cuba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309051636/https://www.flagcolorcodes.com/cuba |archive-date=Mar 9, 2022 |accessdate=2022-03-20 |publisher=FlagColorCodes.com}}</ref>|| 0-94-94-20<ref name=":2" />|| N/A |- |HEX |#002590 |#CC0D0D |#FFFFFF |- |RGB |0-37-144 |204-13-13 |255-255-255 |}

==Historical versions of the flag== <gallery class="center"> File:Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Cross of Burgundy (1521–1843) File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of Spanish America (1843–1873; 1874–1898) File:Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Flag of First Spanish Republic (1873–1874) File:Céspedes flag.svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Céspedes flag of Ten Years' War (1868–1878) File:Flag of Cuba (1902–1906).svg|{{FIAV|historical}} Variant with sky blue stripes used by the Republic of Cuba from 1902 to 1906<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ley de 6 de enero de 1906 y decreto presidencial de 24 de abril del mismo año ; regularizando el uso de la bandera, escudo y sello de la República de Cuba |url=https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/latin-american-pamphlet-digital-collection/catalog/43-990093643480203941 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Latin American Pamphlet Digital Collection - CURIOSity Digital Collections |language=en}}</ref> </gallery>

==See also== * List of Cuban flags * Coat of arms of Cuba * Cuban trogon, national bird of Cuba

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{commons category}} * {{FOTW|id=cu|title=Cuba}} * [http://www.cubaflags.com Cuba Flags]—A historical insight into the flag and emblems of Cuba * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161117034627/http://www.flagscorner.com/cuban-flag/ The Flag of Cuba] on flagscorner.com

{{Flags of North America}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuba, Flag of}} Category:1848 introductions Category:Flags with blue, red and white Category:National flags Flag