Ctenopterella

{{Short description|Genus of ferns}} {{automatic taxobox | image = | taxon = Ctenopterella | authority = Parris<ref name=PPGI/> | type_species = ''Ctenopterella blechnoides'' | type_species_authority = (Grev.) Parris }}

'''''Ctenopterella''''' is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Grammitidoideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).<ref name=PPGI/> It is known from Africa through southeast Asia and Oceania to Polynesia.

==Description== The rhizomes are dorsiventral (having upper and lower surfaces clearly distinct in appearance), and bear two rows of stipes, which sometimes have distinct joints where they attach. Distinct phyllopodia are present in some below the joint. The rhizome scales are brown, glabrous, and dull to glossy.<ref name="sg">{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=Five new genera and three new species of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) and the re-establishment of ''Oreogrammitis'' |journal=Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=233–274 |year=2007 |url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_58_2_pdf_Vol_58_Part%202_2007/4.4.58.2.05_y2007_V58_P2_GBS_pg.233.pdf |access-date=2016-07-30 |archive-date=2016-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807035954/https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_58_2_pdf_Vol_58_Part%202_2007/4.4.58.2.05_y2007_V58_P2_GBS_pg.233.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, from whitish to brown in color. The leaf blades range from pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatifid in cutting, bearing free veins which usually end in hydathodes on the upper surface of the leaf. Sori are borne beneath pinnae or lobes, sometimes slightly sunken into the leaf tissue, usually in two rows but rarely in one. The sori are circular to elliptic in shape; the sporangia lack hairs.<ref name="sg" />

==Taxonomy== The genus was first described by Barbara Parris in 2007 to receive some of the species of the polyphyletic genus ''Ctenopteris''; ''Ctenopterella'' is a diminutive form of that name. She initially placed twelve species in the genus.<ref name="sg" /> In 2013, she described a new species, ''Ctenopterella gabonensis'', from the Monts Doudou in Gabon,<ref>{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=''Ctenopterella gabonensis'', a new species of grammitid fern (Polypodiaceae) from Gabon, Africa |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=89–93 |year=2013 |url=http://ebps.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/FGV19P3M1-hLz2ra.pdf}}</ref> and transferred a Vietnamese species, ''Ctenopterella nhatrangensis'', into the genus.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=New combinations and lectotypifications for some Southeast Asian, Malesian and Pacific grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=207–211 |year=2013}}</ref> In 2015, she transferred three more species from ''Ctenopteris'', including one she had formerly placed in synonymy, in preparation for a monograph on the genus.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=Three new combinations in ''Ctenopterella'' (Polypodiaceae) |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=207–211 |year=2015 |url=http://ebps.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/FGV20P2S3.pdf}}</ref>

{{As of|2014|August}}, the only phylogenetic study so far to include any ''Ctenopterella'' species sampled ''Ctenopterella denticulata'' only. It found that this species, ''Acrosorus friderici-et-pauli'' (the type of its genus), and ''Grammitis stenophylla'' form a clade sister to the combined clade of ''Oreogrammitis'', ''Prosaptia'', ''Radiogrammitis'', and ''Themelium''. None of the three taxa in the first clade are particularly close morphologically.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Michael A. |last1=Sundue |first2=Barbara S. |last2=Parris |first3=Tom A. |last3=Ranker |first4=Alan R. |last4=Smith |first5=Erin L. |last5=Fujimoto |first6=Delia |last6=Zamora-Crosby |first7=Clifford W. |last7=Morden |first8=Wen-Liang |last8=Chiou |first9=Cheng-Wei |last9=Chen |first10=Germinal |last10=Rouhan |first11=Regina Y. |last11=Hirai |first12=Jefferson |last12=Prado |title=Global phylogeny and biogeography of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) |journal=Molecular Genetics and Evolution |volume=81 |pages=195–206 |year=2014 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.017 |pmid=25173566 |bibcode=2014MolPE..81..195S |s2cid=21098484 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265176631}}</ref> ''Ctenopterella denticulata'' has since been transferred to the genus ''Oxygrammitis'' as ''Oxygrammitis denticulata''.<ref name=CFLW_Cd/> In addition to ''Oxygrammitis'', other species have been transferred to ''Boonkerdia'' and ''Rouhania''.

==Species== {{As of|2025|November}}, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following ten species:<ref name=CFLW/> {{Div col|colwidth=24em}} *''Ctenopterella blechnoides'' (Grev.) Parris *''Ctenopterella gordonii'' (S.B.Andrews) Parris *''Ctenopterella khaoluangensis'' (Tagawa & K.Iwats.) Parris *''Ctenopterella lasiostipes'' (Mett.) Parris *''Ctenopterella lepida'' (Brause) Parris *''Ctenopterella nhatrangensis'' (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Parris *''Ctenopterella pacifica'' Parris *''Ctenopterella pediculata'' (Baker) Parris *''Ctenopterella rivularis'' Parris *''Ctenopterella seemannii'' (J.Sm.) Parris *''Ctenopterella vodonaivalui'' (Brownlie) Parris {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=CFLW>{{cite WF |taxon=Ctenopterella |access-date=2025-11-12}}</ref>

<ref name=CFLW_Cd>{{cite WF |taxon=Oxygrammitis |access-date=2025-04-20}}</ref>

<ref name=PPGI>{{citation |mode=cs1|author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|bibcode=2016JSyEv..54..563. |s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free}}</ref> }}

Category:Polypodiaceae Category:Fern genera