{{Short description|Species of snake}} {{Speciesbox | image = Crotalus triseriatus in Morelia zoo.jpg | image_caption = Crotalus triseriatus in [[Zoológico Benito Juárez|Morelia Zoo]] | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="IUCN">{{cite iucn |author=Canseco-Márquez, L. |author2=Mendoza-Quijano, F. |date=2007 |title=''Crotalus triseriatus'' |volume=2007 |article-number=e.T64338A12771768 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64338A12771768.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Crotalus | species = triseriatus | authority = ([[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830) | range_map = Crotalus triseriatus distribution.png | synonyms = *''Uropsophus triseriatus'' <br />{{small|[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830}} *''Crot''[''alus'']. ''triseriatus'' <br />{{small|— [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1831}} *''Crotalus lugubris'' (part) <br />{{small|[[Giorgio Jan|Jan]], 1859}} *''Caudisona lugubris'' <br />{{small|— [[Edward Drinker Cope|Cope]], 1860}} *''C''[''audisona'']. ''triseriata'' <br />{{small|— Cope, 1867}} *''Crotalus pallidus'' <br />{{small|[[Albert Günther|Günther]], 1895}} *''Crotalus triseriatus'' <br />{{small|— [[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1896}} *''Crotalus triseriatus triseriatus'' <br />{{small|— [[Laurence Monroe Klauber|Klauber]] ''In'' [[T.S. Githens|Githens]] & [[I.D. George|George]], 1931}} *''Crotalus triseriatus anahuacus'' <br />{{small|— [[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd]], 1940}}<ref name="McD99">[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1''. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).</ref> }}
:'''''Common names:''' Mexican dusky rattlesnake,<ref name="C&L04">Campbell JA, Lamar WW (2004). ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates. 870 pp. 1500 plates. {{ISBN|0-8014-4141-2}}.</ref> dusky rattlesnake<ref name="Meh87">[[John M. Mehrtens|Mehrtens JM]] (1987). ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. {{ISBN|0-8069-6460-X}}.</ref>''
'''''Crotalus triseriatus''''' is a [[venomous snake|venomous]] [[Crotalinae|pit viper]] [[species]] found in [[Mexico]]. Two [[subspecies]] are currently recognized, including the [[Nominotypical subspecies|nominate subspecies]] described here.<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=585832 |taxon=''Crotalus triseriatus'' |accessdate=1 August 2007}}</ref>
==Description== Adult male specimens of ''C. triseriatus'' commonly grow to a total length (including tail) greater than {{convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on}}, with females somewhat smaller. The maximum recorded total length is {{convert|68.3|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref name="C&L04"/>
==Geographic range== The species ''C. triseriatus'' is found in [[Mexico]], along the southern edge of the [[Mexican Plateau]] in the highlands of the Transverse Volcanic Cordillera, including the states of [[Jalisco]], [[México (state)|México]], [[Michoacán]], [[Morelos]], [[Nayarit]], [[Puebla]], [[Tlaxcala]], and [[Veracruz]]. The [[Type locality (biology)|type locality]] given by [[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]] in 1830 is "Mexico". A restriction to "Alvarez, San Luis Potosí, Mexico" was proposed by [[Hobart Muir Smith|H.M. Smith]] and [[Edward Harrison Taylor|Taylor]] (1950).<ref name="McD99"/>
==Habitat== ''Crotalus triseriatus'' occurs in pine-oak forest, [[boreal forest]], [[coniferous forest]] and, [[Bunch grass|bunchgrass]] grasslands. On Volcán Orizaba, it is found at very high altitudes. There, the [[snow line]] comes down to about {{cvt|4,572|m|ft|-1}}, while [[green plants]] can be found up to {{cvt|4,573|m|ft|-1}}: the [[species]] has been found within this zone. However, it is most common at {{convert|2700|to|3350|m|ft|-1}} in elevation.<ref name="C&L04"/>
==Conservation status== The species ''C. triseriatus'' is classified as Least Concern on the [[IUCN Red List]] of Threatened Species.<ref name="IUCN"/> Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution, presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007.<ref name="IUCN"/>
==Feeding== Prey reportedly found in stomachs of ''C. triseriatus'' include a [[frog]], a [[Muridae|murid]] [[rodent]] (''[[Neotomodon alstoni]]''), [[lizard]]s, other small [[mammal]]s, [[crickets]], and [[salamander]]s.<ref name="C&L04"/>
==Venom== Bite symptoms from ''C. triseriatus'' are reported to include intense pain, swelling, faintness, and cold perspiration.<ref name="C&L04"/>
==Subspecies== {|cellspacing=0 cellpadding=2 border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;" !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Subspecies<ref name="ITIS"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Taxon author<ref name="ITIS"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Common name<ref name="Meh87"/> !bgcolor="#f0f0f0"|Geographic range<ref name="McD99"/><ref name="C&L04"/> |- |''[[Crotalus triseriatus armstrongi|C. t. armstrongi]]'' |[[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell]], 1979 |western dusky rattlesnake |style="width:40%"|[[Mexico]]: [[Jalisco]] and [[Nayarit]] |- |''C. t. triseriatus'' |([[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler]], 1830) |dusky rattlesnake |Mexico: [[Michoacán]], [[Morelos]], [[México (state)|México]], [[Puebla]], [[Tlaxcala]] and [[Veracruz]] |- |}
==Etymology== The [[Subspecies|subspecific name]], ''armstrongi'', is in honor of American herpetologist [[Barry L. Armstrong]].<ref>[[Richard Allen "Bo" Crombet-Beolens|Beolens B]], [[Michael Watkins (zoologist)|Watkins M]], [[Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Crotalus triseriatus armstrongi'', p. 11).</ref>
==Taxonomy== In the relatively recent past, two additional [[subspecies]] were described:<ref name="C&L04"/>
*''C. t. anahuacus'' {{small|[[Howard K. Gloyd|Gloyd]], 1940}} - currently regarded as a junior synonym of ''C. t. triseriatus'' *''C. t. quadrangularis'' {{small|[[Herbert S. Harris|Harris]] & [[Robert S. Simmons|Simmons]], 1978}} - currently regarded as a junior synonym of ''[[Crotalus aquilus|C. aquilus]]''
==References== {{Reflist}}
==Further reading== *[[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]] (1979). "A New Rattlesnake (Reptilia, Serpentes, Viperidae) from Jalisco, Mexico". ''Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science'' '''81''' (4): 365–370. (''Crotalus triseriatus armstrongi'', new subspecies). *[[Johann Georg Wagler|Wagler J]] (1830). ''Natürliches System der AMPHIBIEN, mit vorangehender Classification der SÄUGTHIERE und VÖGEL. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie''. München, Stuttgart and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. + one plate. (''Uropsophus triseriatus'', new species, p. 176). (in German and Latin).
==External links== *{{NRDB species|genus=Crotalus|species=triseriatus|date=12 December|year=2007}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q839889}}
[[Category:Crotalus|triseriatus]] [[Category:Reptiles of Mexico]] [[Category:Reptiles described in 1830]]