Croatian Brazilians

{{Infobox ethnic group | group = Croatian Brazilians ''Croato-brasileiros'' | native_name = | native_name_lang = | flag = {{flagicon|Brazil}} {{flagicon|Croatia}} | image = [[File:20ª Festa do Imigrante (18847942238).jpg|300px]] Croatian descendants in [[São Paulo]]. | pop = '''45,000'''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://br.esportes.yahoo.com/060612/38/15p5o.html|title=Croatas no Brasil preparam-se para confronto desta terça|trans-title=Croatians in Brazil prepare to clash this Tuesday|language=pt|publisher=br.esportes.yahoo.com|date=12 June 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518171955/http://br.esportes.yahoo.com/060612/38/15p5o.html|archive-date=18 May 2007}}</ref> | popplace = Mainly [[Southeastern Brazil]] | langs = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] | rels = Christianity (predominantly [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]]), and [[Religion in Brazil|others]] | related_groups = | related-c = Other [[Brazilians]], [[Croats]] }} {{Croats}}

'''Croatian Brazilians''' ({{lang|pt|Croato-brasileiro, Croata brasileiro}}) are [[Brazilians]] of full, partial, or predominantly [[Croats|Croat]] descent, or [[Croatia|Croat-born]] people residing in [[Brazil]].

It is estimated that 45,000 ethnic Croats live in Brazil.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gavranich Camargo|first=Katia|date=May 2017|title=Na terra dos dálmatas: um mapeamento afetivo dos barrios do Belenzinho e da Mooca|url=https://www.sescsp.org.br/files/artigo/6da34151/ed79/49f6/84c7/9ab368489802.pdf|journal=Revista do Centro de Pesquisa e Formação}}</ref> The training and work qualifications of Croat emigrants in the inter-war period remained more or less unchanged from what it had been in the earlier period; most emigrants were unskilled farmers and the number of craftsmen who emigrated increased by only a small amount.

However, in the countries of South America which became very important emigration targets in the post-[[World War I]] period agricultural workers or other laborers were still in demand, and in those destinations the bulk of emigrants took up employment in [[agriculture]] ([[Argentina]] and Brazil) or in the [[Mining|mines]] ([[Chile]] and [[Bolivia]]).<ref name="Čizmić1996">{{cite journal|last1=Čizmić|first1=Ivan|url=http://www.geocities.com/ivol2001/c_emigrt.htm|title=Emigration and emigrants from Croatia between 1880 and 1980|journal=GeoJournal|volume=38|issue=4|year=1996|pages=431–436|issn=0343-2521|doi=10.1007/BF00446249|pmid=12292846|s2cid=45842030|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080316212236/http://www.geocities.com/ivol2001/c_emigrt.htm|archive-date=16 March 2008}}</ref>

==History== From as far back as the 1830s the first wave of mass [[emigration]]s to the countries of the [[New World]] occurred, which mainly saw the [[Croats|Croatian]] population fit into the context of [[European emigration|European]] migration flows of the time. There were many reasons why Croatians emigrated to foreign countries: economic underdevelopment, political reasons, and for reasons of adventure and exploration. But for the majority of people who left their homes at the time the main reason was the economic situation. The most striking example of this was the so-called "Wine Clause," stipulated in an 1891 trade agreement between the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] and [[Italy]], which was particularly unfavorable to [[Dalmatia]]n [[viticulture]]. The Wine Clause allowed the import of cheap Italian wines under very favorable conditions. The Dalmatian wine industry was heavily affected by this resolution by the [[Vienna|Viennese]] authorities, which reduced its market in [[Croatia]] itself. The agreement lasted decades and was not revised for some time.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

Political conditions as the main motive of emigration was the result of [[World War I]] and became much more significant immediately after [[World War II]] and the collapse of the [[Independent State of Croatia]], when hundreds of thousands emigrated for fear of retaliation by the [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] authorities. The emigrants were mostly men from rural areas, young and without professional qualifications. In general, it is safe to say that they performed the hardest and the most dangerous physical labor in the countries they moved to. So-called chain emigration results in compact groups of emigrants, often related by family connections, place of emigration, region, etc. Thus, many emigrants from [[Dubrovnik]] have large communities in [[California]], emigrants from the [[Hvar|island of Hvar]] in [[Argentina]], emigrants from [[Korčula]] in [[Brazil]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sobre {{!}}|url=https://www.comunidadecroata.com.br/sobre-nos/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=Comunidade Croata no Brasil|language=pt-BR}}</ref> emigrants from the [[Lika|Lika region]] in the [[Midwestern United States|American Midwest]], emigrants from [[Makarska]] in [[New Zealand]] and Dalmatians in [[Croatian Chilean|Chile]] and [[Australia]]. The most recent research conducted can't conclusively reveal how many Croatians have left their country and how many currently live abroad.

==See also== {{Portal|Brazil|Croatia}} * [[Foreign relations of Croatia|Brazil–Croatia relations]] * [[Immigration to Brazil]] * [[European immigration to Brazil]] * [[Croats]] * [[List of Croats]]

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:European diaspora in Brazil]] [[Category:Croatian diaspora by country|Brazil]] [[Category:Brazilian people of Croatian descent| ]]