{{Short description|1919 socialist state in Crimea}} {{about|a short-lived polity in 1919|the 1921–1945 autonomous republic of the RSFSR|Crimea in the Soviet Union}} {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic | native_name = {{native name|ru|Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика}}<br />{{resize|80%|{{nobold|{{transliteration|ru|Krymskaja Socialističeskaja Sovetskaja Respublika}}}}}} | common_name = Crimea | p1 = Crimean Regional Government | flag_p1 = Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg | s1 = General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia | flag_s1 = Flag of Russia.svg | image_map = | image_map_caption = | capital = Simferopol | common_languages = {{ubl|Russian|Crimean Tatar|Ukrainian|German}} | government_type = Soviet republic | title_leader = Chairman | leader1 = Dmitry Ulyanov | year_leader1 = 1919 | legislature = {{nobr|Revolutionary committee}} | era = Russian Civil War | event_pre = Bolshevik invasion of Crimea{{·}}Fall of the Crimean Regional Government | date_pre = Mar&ndash;Apr 1919 | event_start = Republic established | year_start = 1919 | date_start = May | event1 = White Movement {{nobr|Volunteer army offensive}} | date_event1 = June 1919 | event_end = Republic defeated{{·}}{{nobr|White Movement}} {{nobr|control established}} | date_end = June | year_end = | today = {{unbulleted list|Russia {{small|(''disputed'')}}|Ukraine}}{{#tag:ref|Since the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea the status of the Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community considers the Crimea and Sevastopol an integral part of Ukraine, while Russia, on the other hand, considers (and administrators) the Crimea and Sevastopol an integral part of Russia.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|last=Gutterman |first=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318 |title=Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions |date=18 March 2014 |agency=Reuters.com |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26248275|title=Ukraine crisis timeline|date=13 November 2014}}</ref><ref name="CCTV UNR C=U">[http://english.cntv.cn/2014/03/28/ARTI1395947928472439.shtml UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304200543/http://english.cntv.cn/2014/03/28/ARTI1395947928472439.shtml |date=2018-03-04}}, China Central Television (28 March 2014)</ref>|group=nb}} }}

The '''Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic'''<ref>Harold Henry Fisher. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=K167sO8f99wC&pg=PA278 The Famine in Soviet Russia, 1919-1923: The Operations of the American Relief Administration.]'' Ayer Publishing, 1971. p. 278. {{ISBN|978-0-8369-5650-4}}</ref> ({{langx|ru|Крымская Социалистическая Советская Республика}} or Крымская Советская Социалистическая Республика;<ref name="Chronos">«[http://www.hrono.ru/organ/ukaz_k/krymssr.php Крымская ССР]» ''Хронос: Историческая Энциклопедия''. ("Crimean SSR". ''Chronos: Historical Encyclopedia''.) Retrieved 20 April 2011. {{in lang|ru}}</ref> {{langx|crh|Qırım Şuralar Sotsialistik Cumhuriyeti}}) or the '''Soviet Socialist Republic of the Crimea'''<ref name="Fisher">Alan W. Fisher. ''The Crimean Tatars''. Hoover Press, 1978. p. 128. {{ISBN|978-0-8179-6662-1}}</ref> was a state allied with Soviet Russia that existed in Crimea for several months in 1919 during the Russian Civil War. It was the second Bolshevik government in Crimea<ref name="Fisher"/> and its capital was Simferopol.<ref name="Chronos"/>

==Description== In April 1919, the Bolsheviks invaded Crimea for the second time (the first was in March 1918 and led to the creation of the short-lived Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic). After the conquest of Crimea (with the exception of the Kerch Peninsula) by the 3rd Ukrainian Red Army, a Crimean Regional Party Conference at Simferopol from 28–29 April adopted a resolution forming the Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic and a revolutionary committee government.<ref name="Chronos"/>

By 30 April, the Bolsheviks had occupied the entire peninsula and, on 5 May, the government was formed with Dmitry Ilyich Ulyanov, Vladimir Lenin's brother, as chairman.<ref name="Chronos"/><ref name="Fisher"/> On 1 June, the Crimean SSR joined in military union with soviet republics in Russia, Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania, and Latvia.<ref name="Fisher"/>

The republic was declared to be a non-national entity based on the equality of all nationalities.<ref name="Chronos"/> Nationalization of industry and confiscation of the land of landlords, kulaks, and the church were implemented.<ref name="Chronos"/> The Crimean SSR was more friendly toward the interests of Crimean Tatars than the Taurida SSR had been and leftist Tatars were allowed to take positions in the government.<ref name="Fisher"/>

Starting in late May, Anton Denikin's White Volunteer Army, which had been gaining strength, threatened seizure of Crimea.<ref name="Chronos"/> On 18 June, White forces under Yakov Slashchov (Яков Слащёв) landed in the area Koktebel and, as a result, the authorities of the Crimean SSR were evacuated from Crimea from 23–26 June and the Whites assumed control of the peninsula.<ref name="Chronos"/> Crimea did not have its own government again until the formation of the South Russian Government by the Whites in February 1920.

==Soviet government== * Chairman of council - Dmitry Ulyanov * Narkom of Army and Navy - Pavel Dybenko, commander of the Crimean Red Army * Narkom of Propaganda and Agitation - Alexandra Kollontai * Narkom of Health Care - Dmitry Ulyanov * Narkom of People's Enlightenment - Ivan Nazukin * Narkom of Justice - I.Ibrahimov * Narkom of Land Cultivation - S. Idrisov * Narkom of Foreign Affairs - S. Memetov

==Notes== {{reflist|group=nb}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==See also== *History of Crimea *Russian Civil War *Post-Russian Empire states

{{Coord|45|15|N|34|15|E|display=title}} {{Post–Russian Empire states}} Category:Russian Revolution in Ukraine Category:States and territories disestablished in 1919 Category:Post–Russian Empire states Category:Early Soviet republics Category:Former unrecognized countries Category:Short-lived countries Category:States and territories established in 1919 Category:Communism in Ukraine Category:Crimea during the Russian Civil War Category:Former socialist republics Category:Political history of Crimea