Crenidens

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Crenidens crenidens Day.png | image_caption = ''Crenidens indicus'' | taxon = Crenidens | authority = [[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1830 | type_species = ''[[Crenidens crenidens|Crenidens forskalii]]'' | type_species_authority = Valenciennes, 1830 }}

'''''Crenidens''''' is a small genus of three species of [[seabream]] from the family [[Sparidae]] from the western Indian Ocean. It was previously regarded as [[monotypic]], with the sole species being the Karenteen sea bream ''[[Crenidens crenidens]]'' but two other species are now accepted as valid species, separate from the [[type species]], ''C. crenidens''.

==Taxonomy== ''Crenidens'' was first proposed as a [[monospecific genus]] in 1830 by the French [[zoologist]] [[Achille Valenciennes]] with ''Crenidens forsskalii'' as its only species and the [[type species]] by [[monotypy]].<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Sparidae|access-date=11 January 2024}}</ref> ''C. forsskalii'' is now considered to be a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''Sparus crenidens'', originally [[Species description|described]] by [[Peter Forsskål]] from the [[Red Sea]] of Saudi Arabia and Egypt in 1775.<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Crenidens|access-date=12 January 2024}}</ref> This genus is placed in the family Sparidae within the [[Order (biology)|order]] [[Spariformes]] by the 5th edition of ''[[Fishes of the World]]''.<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |author1=Nelson, J.S. |author1-link=Joseph S. Nelson |author2=Grande, T.C. |author3=Wilson, M.V.H. |year=2016 |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |place=Hoboken, NJ |pages=502–506 |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |lccn=2015037522 |oclc=951899884 |ol=25909650M |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,<ref name = Parenti>{{cite journal |author= Parenti, P. |year=2019 |title=An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae |journal=FishTaxa |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=47–98 |url= https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52}}</ref> but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.<ref name = Nelson5/>

==Etymology== ''Crenidens'' combines ''creni'', meaning “[[crenulate]]”, with ''dens'', which means “teeth”, an allusion to the crenulate [[incisor]]-like teeth of these fishes. This is not [[tautonym]]ous with ''Sparus crenidens'' as Valenciennes had unnecessarily renamed that species ''C. forskalii''.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web |url=https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |title=Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE |work=The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database |access-date=11 January 2024 |date=22 December 2023 |publisher=Christopher Scharpf |archive-date=30 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030165034/https://etyfish.org/spariformes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species== ''Crenidens'' contains three recognised species.<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author= Nicolas Bailey |year= 2014|title= ''Crenidens''|id= 126074 |access-date=14 February 2022}}</ref> It was considered to be [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]] but a second and third species are now regarded as valid.<ref name = Iwatsuki>{{cite journal | author1 = Yukio Iwatsuki | author2 = James Maclaine | year = 2013 | title = Validity of ''Crenidens macracanthus'' Günther 1874 (Pisces: Sparidae) from Chennai (Madras), India, with taxonomic statuses of the congeners (abstract) | journal = Ichthyological Research | volume = 60 | issue =3 | pages = 241–248| doi = 10.1007/s10228-013-0342-2 }}</ref><ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Crenidens|month=October|year=2023}}</ref>

* ''[[Crenidens crenidens]]'' ([[Peter Forsskål|Forsskål]], 1775) (Karanteen seabream) * ''[[Crenidens indicus]]'' [[Francis Day|Day]], 1873 (Day's karanteen seabream) * ''[[Crenidens macracanthus]]'' [[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Günther]] (1874 (Günther's karanteen)

==Characteristics== ''Crenidens'' seabreams have 2 rows of incisor-like teeth in each jaw, there may be a third row in the upper jaw, these teeth have 5 points on their cutting edges and the brown edged outer teeth can be moved. They also have several rows of molar like teeth. The cheeks are scaled and there are no curved teeth in the front of the mouth. They have deep, uniformly coloured bodies with relatively small eyes.<ref name = WIOF>{{cite book |author=Yukio Iwatsuki |author2=Phillip C Heemstra |name-list-style=and |chapter=Family Sparidae |pages=284–315 |title=Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean |volume=3 |editor1=[[Phil Heemstra|Phillip C Heemstra]] |editor2=Elaine Heemstra |editor3=David A Ebert |editor4=Wouter Holleman |editor5=[[John Ernest Randall|John E Randall]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-990951-32-9 |publisher=South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity |url=https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf}}</ref> The largest species in the genus is ''C. crenidens'' with a maximum published [[total length]] of {{cvt|30|cm}} while the smallest is ''C. macracanthus'' which has a maximum published [[standard length]] of {{cvt|14.6|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution== ''Crenidens'' seabreams are native to the Indian Ocean.<ref name = Fishbase/> ''C. crenidens'' has colonised the Mediterranean Sea probably by [[Lessepsian migration]] from the [[Red Sea]] through the [[Suez Canal]].<ref name = Golani2021>{{cite book |title=Atlas of Exotic Fishes in the Mediterranean Sea |chapter=''Crenidens crenidens'' |edition=2 |year=2021 |publisher=CIESM Publishers |location=Paris,Monaco |url=https://ciesm.org/atlas/fishes_2nd_edition/Crenidens_crenidens.pdf |author=Golani, Daniel |author2=Azzurro, Ernesto |author3=Jakov, Dulčić |author4=Massutí, Enric |author5=Orsi Relini, Lidia |author6=Briand, Frederic}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

[[Category:Sparidae]] [[Category:Crenidens| ]] [[Category:Spariform fish genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes]]