Lagerstroemia

{{Short description|Genus of trees}} {{For|other plants called myrtle|List of plants known as myrtle}} {{italic title}} {{automatic taxobox | name = Crape myrtle | image = Lagerstroemia indica Blanco1.207.png | image_caption = ''Lagerstroemia indica'' | taxon = Lagerstroemia | authority = L. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms = {{species list|header=10 synonyms|hidden=yes |Murtughas |L. ex Kuntze |Tsjinkin |Adans. |Adambea |Lam. |Adamboe |Adans. |Catu-adamboe |Adans. |Fatioa |DC. |Munchausia |L. |Orias |Dode |Pterocalymma |Turcz. |Sotularia |Raf. }} | synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/> }}

'''''Lagerstroemia''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|eɪ|ɡ|ər|ˈ|s|t|r|iː|m|i|ə}}), commonly known as '''crape myrtle''' (also commonly spelled '''crepe myrtle''', '''crape-myrtle''', or '''crapemyrtle'''), is a genus of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs native to the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, northern Australia, and other parts of Oceania, cultivated in warmer climates around the world.<ref name=POWO/> It is a member of the family Lythraceae, which is also known as the loosestrife family. These flowering trees are beautifully colored and are often planted both privately and commercially as ornamentals.

==Etymology== The genus ''Lagerstroemia'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus. It is named after Swedish merchant {{ill|Magnus von Lagerström|sv|Magnus Lagerström}},<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=''Lagerstroemia indica'' - Plant Finder |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282496&isprofile=1&basic=lagerstroemia%20indica |access-date=2021-03-09 |website=Missouribotanicalgarden.org}}</ref> a director of the Swedish East India Company, who supplied Linnaeus with plants he collected.

==Description== [[Image:Crepe Myrtle.jpg|thumb|left|A {{convert|12|ft|m|0|order=flip|adj=on}} crape myrtle in Lutherville, Maryland]] Crape myrtles are chiefly known for their colorful and long-lasting flowers, which occur in summer. Most species of ''Lagerstroemia'' have sinewy, fluted stems and branches with a mottled appearance that arises from having bark that sheds throughout the year. Its leaves come in pairs, one located directly across from the other on the stem, each leaf consisting of a single smooth-edged blade, varying in size from {{cvt|5|-|20|cm|0}}. While all species are woody in nature, they can range in height from over {{cvt|100|ft|m|0|order=flip}} to under {{cvt|1|ft|cm|0|order=flip}}; most, however, are small to medium, multiple-trunked trees and shrubs. The leaves of temperate species provide autumn color.

Flowers are produced in summer and autumn in panicles of crinkled flowers. This crinkled appearance of its flowers is the source of its name: a "crape" being a historically common mourning bonnet with a distinctively crisp and crimped appearance. Colors vary from deep purple to red to white, with almost every shade in between. Although no blue-flowered varieties exist, the flowers trend toward the blue end of the spectrum with no orange or yellow except in stamens and pistils. The fruit is a capsule, green and succulent at first, then ripening to dark brown or black dryness. It splits along six or seven lines, producing teeth much like those of the calyx, and releases numerous, small, winged seeds.

== Species == ''Plants of the World Online''<ref name=POWO>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A25461-1 Plants of the World Online: ''Lagerstroemia'' L.] (retrieved 21 July 2025)</ref> currently (2025) includes: {{div col|colwidth=20em}} *''Lagerstroemia amabilis'' {{Au|Makino}} *''Lagerstroemia anhuiensis'' {{Au|X.H.Guo & S.B.Zhou}} *''Lagerstroemia balansae'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia calyculata'' {{Au|Kurz}} *''Lagerstroemia caudata'' {{Au|Chun & F.C.How ex S.K.Lee & L.F.Lau}} *''Lagerstroemia celebica'' {{Au|Blume}} *''Lagerstroemia densa'' {{Au|C.H.Gu & D.D.Ma}} *''Lagerstroemia densiflora'' {{Au|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Lagerstroemia duperreana'' {{Au|Pierre ex Gagnep.}} *''Lagerstroemia engleriana'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia excelsa'' {{Au|(Dode) Chun ex S.K.Lee & L.F.Lau}} *''Lagerstroemia floribunda'' {{Au|Jack}} *''Lagerstroemia fordii'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia gagnepainii'' {{Au|Furtado & Montien}} *''Lagerstroemia glabra'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia guilinensis'' {{Au|S.K.Lee & L.F.Lau}} *''Lagerstroemia huamotensis'' {{Au|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Lagerstroemia hypoleuca'' {{Au|Kurz}} *''Lagerstroemia indica'' {{Au|L.}} - '''type species''' *''Lagerstroemia kratiensis'' {{Au|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Lagerstroemia langkawiensis'' {{Au|Furtado & Montien}} *''Lagerstroemia lecomtei'' {{Au|Gagnep.}} *''Lagerstroemia limii'' {{Au|Merr.}} *''Lagerstroemia loudonii'' {{Au|Teijsm. & Binn.}} *''Lagerstroemia macrocarpa'' {{Au|Kurz}} *''Lagerstroemia menglaensis'' {{Au|C.H.Gu, M.C.Ji & D.D.Ma}} *''Lagerstroemia micrantha'' {{Au|Merr.}} *''Lagerstroemia microcarpa'' {{Au|Wight}} *''Lagerstroemia minuticarpa'' {{Au|Debb. ex P.C.Kanjilal}} *''Lagerstroemia noei'' {{Au|Craib}} *''Lagerstroemia ovalifolia'' {{Au|Teijsm. & Binn.}} *''Lagerstroemia paniculata'' {{Au|(Turcz.) S.Vidal}} *''Lagerstroemia parviflora'' {{Au|Roxb.}} *''Lagerstroemia petiolaris'' {{Au|Pierre ex Gagnep.}} *''Lagerstroemia poilanei'' {{Au|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Lagerstroemia pterosepala'' {{Au|Furtado & Montien}} *''Lagerstroemia pustulata'' {{Au|Furtado & Montien}} *''Lagerstroemia ruffordii'' {{Au|T.T.Pham & Tagane}} *''Lagerstroemia speciosa'' {{Au|(L.) Martyn}} *''Lagerstroemia spireana'' {{Au|Gagnep.}} *''Lagerstroemia stenophylla'' {{Au|B.H.Wu, Xing Hu & S.P.Dai}} *''Lagerstroemia subangulata'' {{Au|(Craib) Furtado & Montien}} *''Lagerstroemia subcostata'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia suprareticulata'' {{Au|S.K.Lee & L.F.Lau}} *''Lagerstroemia tomentosa'' {{Au|C.Presl}} *''Lagerstroemia undulata'' {{Au|Koehne}} *''Lagerstroemia vanosii'' {{Au|W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes}} *''Lagerstroemia venusta'' {{Au|Wall. ex C.B.Clarke}} *''Lagerstroemia villosa'' {{Au|Wall. ex Kurz}} {{div col end}} ;Hybrids * ''Lagerstroemia indica × fauriei'' – a hybrid originating in the U.S. National Arboretum's breeding programs of the mid-20th century

== Ecology == ''Lagerstroemia'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (moth and butterfly) species, including ''Endoclita malabaricus''.

The leaves of ''L. parviflora'' are fed on by the ''Antheraea paphia'' moth, which produces the tassar silk, a form of wild silk of commercial importance in India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ab598e/AB598E13.htm |title=Non-wood forest products In 15 countries of Tropical Asia |publisher=fao.org |access-date=30 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418203749/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ab598e/AB598E13.htm |archive-date=18 April 2014}}</ref>

Crape myrtles are susceptible to several pests and diseases, most notably, fungus-caused powdery mildew,<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Most Common Crepe Myrtle Problems - North American Tree Service |url=https://www.northamericantree.com/blog/2019/12/12/5-most-common-myrtle-problems |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=Tree Care {{!}} Snellville, Lawrenceville GA {{!}} North American Tree Service |date=12 December 2019 |language=English}}</ref> and more recently, bark scale, caused by aphids leaving a black dark fungal infection in their wake.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bark Scale and the Crepe Myrtle: Understanding the Threat and How to Protect Your Trees |date=23 April 2023 |url=https://www.chasehorticulturalresearch.com/2023/04/bark-scale-and-crepe-myrtle.html |access-date=2023-04-24 |language=en |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424111953/https://www.chasehorticulturalresearch.com/2023/04/bark-scale-and-crepe-myrtle.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Uses == In their respective climates, both subtropical and tropical species are common in domestic and commercial landscapes. The timber of some species has been used to manufacture bridges, furniture, and railway sleepers,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Woodworkers Source: Pyinma. |url=http://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood.php?wood=Lagerstroemia%20spp. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928235412/https://www.woodworkerssource.com/online_show_wood.php?wood=Lagerstroemia%2520spp. |archive-date=2019-09-28 |access-date=2009-08-23}}</ref> but in Vietnam's Cát Tiên National Park, the dominant stands of ''Lagerstroemia calyculata'' in secondary forest are thought to have survived (after episodes of logging) due to the low quality of wood.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blanc |first1=L. |last2=Maury-Lechon |first2=G. |last3=Pascal |first3=J.-P. |date=2000 |title=Structure, floristic composition and natural regeneration in the forests of Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam: an analysis of the successional trends |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229996321 |journal=Journal of Biogeography |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=141–157 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00347.x |bibcode=2000JBiog..27..141B |issn=0305-0270}}</ref>

=== Cultivation === thumb|Louisiana Pink Crepe Myrtle Certain species of crape myrtle are used in landscaping and gardening as screens, lawn specimens, shrub borders, and container plants. Since crape myrtles are found in many places, opinions differ as to how to cultivate them in landscaping. Crape myrtles are best cultivated in warmer southern climates, U.S. zones 7–9, and prefer full sun. They occur in a variety of flowering colors and size.

Crape myrtles might have been considered messy in the past, but their seedpods cannot stain concrete, so are best planted near swimming pools, decks, and sidewalks.

The common crape myrtle (''L. indica'') from China and Korea was introduced {{c.}} 1790 to Charleston, South Carolina, in the United States, by French botanist André Michaux. In the wild, the species is most often found as a multiple-stemmed, large shrub, but 200 years of cultivation have resulted in a huge number of cultivars of widely varying characteristics. Today, crape myrtle varieties can fulfill many landscaping needs, from tidy street trees to dense barrier hedges to fast-growing dwarf types of less than {{cvt|2|ft|cm|-1|order=flip}}, which can go from seed to bloom in a season (allowing gardeners in places where the plant is not winter-hardy to still enjoy the intense colors of the frilly flowers). In Europe, crape myrtle is common in the south of France, the Iberian Peninsula, and most of Italy; in the United States, it is an iconic plant of gardens across the Southern United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Le Dem |first=Gaspard |date=2016-07-16 |title=It's Time To Appreciate D.C.'s Colorful Crape Myrtles |url=https://dcist.com/story/19/07/16/its-time-to-appreciate-d-c-s-colorful-crape-myrtles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811154547/https://dcist.com/story/19/07/16/its-time-to-appreciate-d-c-s-colorful-crape-myrtles/ |archive-date=2019-08-11 |access-date=2019-08-11 |website=DCist}}</ref> It has been cultivated in many parts of Australia, but is most common in the areas of the country with a Mediterranean climate such as the south-east and west. [[File:Crepe myrtles, Adelaide Botanic Gardens.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Crepe myrtle trees by a pond in the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.]] While not as widely known, the Japanese crape myrtle, ''L. fauriei'', from central and southern Japan, is becoming increasingly important, both as a landscaping plant and as a parent in complex hybrids with ''L. indica''. This species is distinctly tree-like, with colorful, deciduous bark and dark green leaves, which are more resistant to fungal diseases than are those of its more popular relative. The Japanese name for this tree is {{Nihongo||猿滑、百日紅|''saru suberi''|literally "monkey slip", latter spelling ''ateji''}}, which refers to the smooth, slippery bark. Flowers are as large as those of ''L. indica'', but are white with only the slightest pink flush appearing in some individuals. Japanese crape myrtle is hardier to cold than many strains of ''L. indica'', a characteristic (along with fungal resistance, tree form, and colorful bark) that makes it valuable as genetic material for hybridization. Cultivars available include 'Kiowa', 'Fantasy', and 'Townhouse'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trees: Lagerstroemia fauriei |url=http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/lagerstroemia_fauriei.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071123071649/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/lagerstroemia_fauriei.html |archive-date=November 23, 2007 |access-date=2008-01-07 |publisher=www.ces.ncsu.edu}}</ref>

''L. speciosa'', known as queen crape myrtle, giant crape myrtle, or ''banabá'', originates in subtropical and tropical India. It can be grown in any similar climate, but in the United States is suitable only for Florida, southernmost Texas, South Louisiana, coastal southern California, and Hawaii. It is a large evergreen tree with colorful rosy-mauve flowers and striking white bark, suitable for public parks and avenues; only the seed-grown species is commonly available for sale, unlike ''L. indica'' and ''L. fauriei'', which have dozens of cultivars.

<gallery widths="170" heights="150"> CrapeMyrtleSummer.jpg|Crape myrtle during summer in Sombrerete, Mexico CrapeMyrtleFall.jpg|Same tree during fall </gallery>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * {{APNI | name = Lagerstroemia | id = 36201}} * Flora, ''The Gardeners' Bible'', ABC Publishing, Ultimo, NSW, Australia, 2006

==External links== {{Commons category|Lagerstroemia}} * {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Lagerstromia |short=x}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q775229}} {{authority control}}

Category:Lagerstroemia Category:Lythraceae genera Category:Garden plants Category:Ornamental trees Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus