Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire

{{Short description|Village and civil parish in England}} {{Use British English|date=July 2013}} {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}} {{Infobox UK place | type = Village | country = England | coordinates = {{coord|53.782162|-0.413629|display=inline,title}} | label_position = left | official_name = Cottingham | population = 17,164 | population_ref = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]])<ref name="2011 census"/> | civil_parish = Cottingham | unitary_england = [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] | region = Yorkshire and the Humber | lieutenancy_england = [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] | constituency_westminster = [[Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham]] | post_town = COTTINGHAM | postcode_district = HU16 | postcode_area = HU | dial_code = 01482 | os_grid_reference = TA046329 | static_image_name = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 250 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 2/1/2 | image1 = Council Offices, Market Green, Cottingham.jpg | caption1 = [[East Riding of Yorkshire Council|Council Offices]] | image2 = St. Mary the Virgin - geograph.org.uk - 385386.jpg | caption2 = Church of St Mary | image3 = Cottingham Day 2007.JPG | caption3 = Hallgate | image4 = Castle Hill Hospital - geograph.org.uk - 3093763.jpg | caption4 = [[Castle Hill Hospital]] | image5 = Grant Hall (East Face).jpg | caption5 = [[The Lawns]] }} | static_image_caption = | london_distance_mi = 155 | london_direction = S }} '''Cottingham''' is a large village and [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]] in the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]], England. It lies {{convert|4|mi|0}} north-west of the centre of [[Kingston upon Hull]], and {{convert|6|mi|0}} south-east of [[Beverley]] on the eastern edge of the [[Yorkshire Wolds]]. It has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street, which cross each other near the Church of Saint Mary the Virgin, and a market square called Market Green. Cottingham had a population of 17,164 residents in 2011, making it larger by area and population than many towns. As a result, it is one of the villages claiming to be the [[largest village in England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirelife.co.uk/out-about/places/could-cottingham-be-the-largest-village-in-england-1-1642761|title=Could Cottingham be the largest village in England?|work=Yorkshire Life|date=3 February 2011|access-date=17 February 2018}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Toponymy === The name Cottingham is believed to derive from an Old English man's name ''Cot(t)a'' plus ''-ingaham'', meaning the "Homestead/village of Cott's/Cotta's people".<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=br8xcW1f_a8C| title = A Dictionary of British Place-Names | first = Anthony David |last = Mills| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2003| at = Cottingham| isbn = 9780191578472 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cottingham :: Survey of English Place-Names |url=https://epns.nottingham.ac.uk/browse/East+Riding+of+Yorkshire/Cottingham/53285499b47fc40a4d000487-Cottingham |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=epns.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Key to English Place-names |url=http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/place/Yorkshire%20ER/Cottingham |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=kepn.nottingham.ac.uk}}</ref> Archaic spellings include ''Cotingeham'' (Domesday, 1086), and ''Cotingham'', ''Cottingham'' and ''Cotyngham'' (1150s).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=922610|mname= Cottingham|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first= John |last=Leland | year =1770| at = Pag. 361. & Pag. 360 : Anno D. 1200 (pp. 293–4)|language = la| title = Joannis Lelandi Antiquarii de rebus britannicis collectanea: Cum Thomæ Hearnii Præfatione Notis et Indice ad Editonem primam| volume= 1| publisher = Gul. & Jo. Richardson| url= https://archive.org/details/joannislelandia14lelagoog }}</ref>

===Medieval period=== [[File:St Mary The Virgin Church Cottingham 1900 (archive ref DDX1079-4) (32363157924).jpg|alt=|left|thumb|350x350px|The parish church of St Mary the Virgin, Cottingham in 1900]] The [[Norman Conquest|pre-Conquest]] owner of Cottingham was Gamel, the son of Osbert, during the reign of [[Edward the Confessor]] in the 11th century.<ref name="hp2"/><ref name="b1892">{{cite web |url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Cottingham/Cottingham92.html |title=Bulmer's History and Directory of East Yorkshire |year =1892 |publisher=www.genuki.org.uk |access-date = 20 February 2007 }}</ref> After the [[Norman Conquest]] of England the land was in the possession of [[Hugh fitzBaldric]]. At this time, the [[Domesday Book]] (1086) shows the Cottingham manor included a mill, five fisheries, woodland and farm land.<ref>Sources: *{{OpenDomesday| OS = TA0432|name=cottingham|display = Cottingham|accessdate=4 December 2012}} *{{cite web |url=http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/eastriding1.html#cottingham |title=The Domesday Book – Cottingham, East Yorkshire |access-date= 20 January 2010}}</ref> In 1089 the manor was given to Robert Front de Boeuf, founder of the de Stuteville family line.<ref name="hp2">{{NHLE|num=1019823|desc=Baynard Castle|access-date= 4 December 2012}} "The Domesday Book records that Cottingham passed from Gamel son of Osbert to Hugh FitzBaldric after the Norman Conquest, but shortly after 1089 FitzBaldric's Yorkshire lands were forfeited and passed to Robert Front de Boeuf who founded the de Stuteville line"</ref> Cottingham was, at this time, in the [[Hundred (county division)|hundred]] of Welton in the [[Historic Counties of England|historic county]] of [[Yorkshire]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cottingham Domesday Book|url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TA0432/cottingham/|access-date=29 August 2021|website=opendomesday.org}}</ref>

In 1201, a [[licence to fortify]] was obtained by [[William de Stuteville]], marking the beginnings of [[Baynard Castle, Cottingham]].<ref group="map">{{coord|53.78293|N|0.42156|W|type:landmark||display=inline|name = Baynard Castle (site of)}}, Site of Baynard Castle</ref> The ownership of the manor passed to the ''de Wake'' family through de Stuteville's granddaughter Joan, who married Hugh de Wake.<ref name="dw1">{{harvnb|Oliver|1829|pp=459–461}}</ref> In 1327 further licence to crenellate the castle was given to Thomas Wake.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} According to legend, the manor house at the castle was destroyed by its owner, in 1541, on account of a proposed visit by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]; the owner, fearing the monarch's intentions towards his wife, sought to prevent the King's visit by ordering the [[arson]] of his own home.{{sfn|Oliver|1829|pp=464–465}} To the north-west of the village there was a deer park, first recorded in the 13th century. The park was 4 [[league (unit)|league]]s (12 miles) in circumference and located in the area now known as Cottingham Park, including Crowle Park and Burn Park; it is thought to have fallen out of use and been let for pasture by the 16th century.<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=910889|mname= Deer park, Cottingham|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.796023|-0.426386|display = inline|type:landmark| name = Deer park (13th century)}}, former Deer park</ref>

[[Thomas de Cottingham]], [[Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England]] in 1349 and later [[Master of the Rolls in Ireland]], was born in Cottingham in about 1300 and died 1370.

In 1319, [[Thomas Wake, 2nd Baron Wake of Liddell|Thomas de Wake]] received a charter allowing Cottingham to have two annual fairs and a weekly market;<ref name="dw1"/> he also founded an Augustinian priory, licensed in 1320, and built by 1322. Due to potential disputes over the land it was built on, the priory moved to Newton south of Cottingham in 1325, becoming known as [[Haltemprice Priory]].<ref name="dw1"/><ref>Sources: *{{cite PastScape|mnumber=79143|mname= Cottingham Priory|access-date=14 January 2013}} *{{cite journal| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=xj1GAQAAIAAJ| journal = The Archaeological Journal| volume = 17| title = Lease of a Piece of Pasture to Haltemprice Priory, Yorkshire| first = George | last = Wentworth|page= 149| doi=10.1080/00665983.1860.10851156| year = 1860}} *{{harvnb|Overton|1861|loc= [https://books.google.com/books?id=WbwHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA41 The Priory]}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.78418|-0.408165|display = inline|type:landmark|name = Cottingham priory (site of)}}, Cottingham priory</ref>

By 1352, the lordship of Cottingham had passed from the ''de Wake'' family through Thomas Wake's sister [[Margaret Wake, 3rd Baroness Wake of Liddell|Margaret Wake]], who married [[Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent]] (1301–1330) to [[John, 3rd Earl of Kent]] (1330–1352). On John's death, the manor passed to Margaret's daughter [[Joan of Kent]] ('The Fair Maid of Kent'),{{sfn|Oliver|1829|pp=461–463}} from whom the estate passed to [[Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent]], her eldest son (whose stepfather was [[Edward the Black Prince]]).<ref name="b1892"/> In 1407, with the Holland family line lacking a male heir, Cottingham was divided into three separate manors, known as Cottingham Richmond, Cottingham Westmoreland, and Cottingham Powis – each incorporated into the estates of the Duke of Richmond; the Earl of Westmoreland and Lord Powis through their marriages to Thomas Holland's daughters.<ref name="b1892"/>

Cottingham [[parish church]], dedicated to [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|St Mary the Virgin]], was built between 1272 and 1370; it is a large cruciform stone-built church in a mixture of the [[Decorated style|decorated]] and [[Perpendicular style|perpendicular Gothic]] styles. The tower was built in the 15th century.<ref name="chsm">Sources: *{{harvnb|Oliver|1829|pp=467–471}} *{{cite PastScape|mnumber=79154 |mname= St Marys church|access-date=14 January 2013}} *{{NHLE|num=1103394|desc=Church Of Saint Mary|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}} *{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|pp=386–387}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.78221|-0.411616|display=inline|type:landmark| name = St Mary's church, Cottingham|}}, St Mary's church</ref> Nicholas de Luda (died 1382), a [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|capuchin friar]], who built or re-built the chancel, is commemorated by a [[monumental brass]] in the church.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://effigiesandbrasses.com/monuments/nicholas_de_luda/| title = Nicholas de Luda (1383)| work = effigiesandbrasses.com|access-date=8 February 2013}}</ref>{{sfn|Overton|1861|loc=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WbwHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA44 Nicholas de Luda, pp. 44–47]}} The church was designated a Grade I [[listed building]] in 1967.<ref name="chsm"/>

After 1376, dikes were made to supply water to [[Kingston upon Hull]] with fresh water from a source between Cottingham and [[Anlaby]]; in 1392, some inhabitants of Cottingham and Anlaby rioted, and about 1,000 people laid siege to Kingston upon Hull, threatening to raze it to the ground. The siege was ultimately unsuccessful with some of the ringleaders hanged at [[York]]; their complaint was the extraction of water which they said had deprived them of water, as well the dike having damaged their fields.

After 1402, the water supply of Hull was further improved, bringing more hostility from the surrounding area; the construction of the channel was sabotaged, and the builders attacked; later salt water was let into the Hull supply, and the water was tainted with the carcasses of dead animals. Disputes over the matter continued until resort was made to the Pope ([[Antipope Alexander V|Alexander V]]), whose successor issued an admonitory letter (20 July 1413), urging them to desist for their own spiritual well-being, after which the nuisance ceased.<ref>Sources: *{{harvnb|Overton|1861|pp=23–27}} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h2UGAAAAQAAJ| title = The ports, harbours, watering-places, and coast scenery of Great Britain |first1 = William |last1 =Finden| first4 = William|last4 = Beattie| first3 = William Henry|last3= Bartlett| publisher = George Virtue| first2 = Edward Francis|last2= Finden| year = 1842 |volume =1| page=90}} *{{harvnb|Sheahan|Whellan|1856|p=25}} *{{cite book|url = https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea| title = General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull| first = James Joseph|last = Sheahan| publisher = Simpkin, Marshall & Co.| year = 1864|pages = [https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea/page/539 539]–542}} *{{cite book| url =https://archive.org/details/historyofhullann00gent |title = History of Hull (Annales Regioduni Hullini) |year = 1869| first = Gent|last = Thomas|orig-year= 1735| at = pp. 90–94, quote: [1392] "In the Spring Time, near a thousand Persons, belonging to ''Cottingham'', ''Woolferton'', ''Anlaby'' and other neighbouring Towns, being offended, that the Inhabitants of ''Hull'', had, by cutting the Earth, drawn some fresh Water from them; they bound themselves, with a terrible Oath, to stand by one another whilst they were able shed their last Drops of Blood. Then, having ordain'd the most rustical Leaders, they appear'd in the like Sort of Arms, ransacking Houses, and abusing such Owners, who would not as madly confederate with them. Soon did they lay Siege to ''Hull'', vowing the utter Destruction of it. Being strangely poetically given too, they made such insipid Rhimes, to encourage the Seditious, as indeed would dishonour the Flights of Antiquity, should such ridiculous Stuff be publickly set forth. The Canals, which had been made at vast Expence, they quickly fill'd up, almost as they had been before. But tho' by these Means they had spitefully deprived the Town of fresh flowing Streams, and stopt Provisions that were sent to the valiant Inhabitants; yet these ill-advised Wretches found themselves too much much deluded, and withal too impotent, to prevail against them. Upon which, withdrawing to ''Cottingham''; and afterwards, through Fear, dispersing; some fled quite away; others, taken, and sent to ''York'', were executed; and about 30 obtain'd Pardon, upon their Penitence, and faithful Promise, never to attempt the like again."; pp. 96–97, quote: [1412] "Such was the inveterate Rancour of the Inhabitants of the aforesaid Towns, by letting salt Water, and throwing stinking Carrion, into the Canals, which now were finish'd; that stimulated the Magistrates of ''Hull'', this Year, to beseech ''Alexander'' V. Bishop of ''Rome'', to thunder out his Excommunication against them: But the Pontiff recommending the Case to FRANCIS, Cardinal of the Holy Cross at ''Jerusalem''; ANTHONY, of ''Sufanna''; and JOHN of St. ''Peter ad Vincula''; these merciful Fathers, instead of denouncing Curses, sent (after long and due Consideration) an exhortatory Writing, sealed and signed by Pope JOHN XXI. in the first Year of his Pontificate, dated at ''Rome'', the 20th of July. In it was represented, ''The Account every one must make at the tremendous Day of Judgment; and consequently what miserable Sinners those malicious Persons must appear, who, by the Suggestions of Satan, should endeavour to ruin the Inhabitants of so large a Town: That there was yet a Time for Repentance, which might be accepted, upon the Forbearance of the Guilty from such detestable Crimes, so directly opposite to the Will of Heaven, which would dispense its Blessings to all Mankind: To follow such divine Philanthropy, every Person should rather contribute to a general Advantage, tho' perhaps some way discordant to their Interest, than prevent those desired fresh flowing Streams, to their necessitous Neighbours: And therefore, the past Offenders, by using their Endeavours, for redressing those Grievances, which themselves had occasion'd; and others, who generously contributed to promote the Publick Welfare and Happiness; should not only obtain Pardon for their various Sins and Offences; but also be entitled to the Protection of St. ''PETER'', St. ''PAUL'', with all the Host of Heaven, both here, and hereafter.''"|publisher = Hull : M. C. Peck }}</ref>

===1500–1850=== [[File:Southwood Hall Cottingham.jpg|thumb|left|Southwood Hall, built {{circa|1660}} (2007)]] By 1661, the manor house of Southwood Hall had been built to the south-east of the village and is now designated a Grade II* listed building.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1310021|desc=Southwood Hall|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.77602|-0.425728|type:landmark|display=inline|name = Southwood Hall}}, Southwood Hall, {{circa|1660}}, surrounded by 20th century urban development</ref> A schoolhouse was established in the village by John Wardle in around 1666, near to the churchyard. Wardle also established an [[almshouse]] adjacent to it, but died in 1668 before it was completed.<ref>{{cite book|first= J. |last=Whirehouse| title= Mark Kirby and Cottingham Free School|publisher= Cottingham Local History Society|year= 1980}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=aaYwAAAAYAAJ| title = The diary of Abraham De la Pryme, the Yorkshire antiquary| first1= Abraham |last1=De la Pryme|first2= Charles |last2=De la Pryme| editor-first= Charles |editor-last=Jackson|year= 1869|series=Publications of the Surtees Society|volume = 64|chapter = Volume the Second : 1700| pages = 232–233|chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=aaYwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA232 }}</ref>

In 1712, Mark Kirby left an endowment of land to support the school, renaming the school the Mark Kirby Free School.<ref>{{cite book |url =http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=445 |chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50898#s23 |title=A Topographical Dictionary of England, 7th Ed. |year = 1848 |editor-first = Samuel | editor-last = Lewis |chapter = Cottingham |publisher= reprinted via British History Online : University of London, History of Parliament Trust }}</ref> The church of Saint Mary had pinnacles added to the tower in the 18th century, which may have been strengthened in the same period, other additions included monuments to [[Ralph Burton (British Army officer)|Ralph Burton]] (died 1768) and William Burton of Hotham (died 1764).<ref name="chsm"/> A workhouse, now known as the 'Church House' adjacent to the church grounds was built in 1729 (later modified).<ref>{{NHLE|num=1347017|desc=Church House|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref name="adjch">{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=389}}</ref>

A Georgian villa, later known as 'Kingtree House' was built on King Street around 1750 by Hull merchant Samuel Watson. The gardens were noted by [[Arthur Young (writer)|Arthur Young]] on his tour of northern England ({{circa|1770}}).<ref name="kht">Sources: *{{cite newsletter| url = http://www.eylhs.org.uk/dl/141/2007-summer| page = 9| magazine = EYLHS Newsletter| title= Cottingham|number = 17| date =Summer 2007| editor-first = Christopher| editor-last = Ketchell| publisher = East Yorkshire Local History Society|access-date=25 February 2020}} *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=16}} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=E_DkAAAAMAAJ| title = Yorkshire| first = George Bernard| last = Wood| publisher = Hastings House| year = 1967| page = 199}}</ref><ref name="watsonshrub">{{cite book| url = https://archive.org/details/sixmonthstourthr01youn| title = A six months tour through the north of England, containing, an account of the present state of agriculture, manufactures and population, in several counties of this kingdom |year = 1771| first = Arthur |last=Young|volume= 1|edition=2|publisher = W. Strahan, W. Nicholl| chapter = Letter IV|at = Mr. Matson's Shrubbery at Cottingham, pp. 152–5|chapter-url = https://archive.org/stream/sixmonthstourthr01youn#page/152/mode/2up|quote = At this place Mr. Watson has a pleasure-ground, which is very well worth seeing; it consists of shrubberies with winding walks, and the imitation of a meandering river through the whole. The grass plot in front of the house surrounded with ever-greens and shrubs, with a ''Gothic'' bench on one side, is very pretty, and the clumps to the water's edge well disposed : From thence, passing by a bridge, you follow the water through a pasture ground, with walks and benches around it; the banks closely shaven, the bends of them natural, and quite in the stile of a real river. About the middle of the field it divides and forms a small island, which contains two or three clumps of shrubs, and is a very great ornament to the place; the walk after-wards leads to the other winding ones around the field, which is certainly laid out in general in a good taste. There are, however, one or two circumstances, that cannot fail of striking every spectator, which, if they were a little altered, would be a great improvement. Directly across the whole runs a common foot-way, which, though walled in, cuts the grounds too much; a broad arch or two thrown over it, well covered with earth and planted with shrubs, would take off the ill effect of crossing this path. In the water is the imitation of a rock, every kind of which is totally unconsonant with the pleasing and agreeable emotions of the gently-winding stream, and smoothly-shaven banks; besides, any rock worth seeing would swallow up this water. In the next place here are some urns, an ornament, when properly disposed, of great efficacy; but close, shaded and sequestered spots, whereon the eye falls by accident, as it were, are the places for urns, and not open lawns, full in view, and to be walked around. It is surprising, that the ideas of imitating nature, in rejecting a strait line for the water, and giving its banks the wave of a real stream, should not be extended to hiding the conclusion, by winding it among the wood where it could not be followed; and it would have been a great improvement, to have given the stream in one place a much greater wave, so as to have enlarged it to four times its present width; this would have added much to the variety of the scene. Lastly, I might remark, that the circular bason near the end of the river has a very bad effect; any water so very artificial, should not be seen with the same eye that views the imitation of a real stream.}}</ref>{{efn|{{coord|53.7804635|-0.41392538|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Kingtree House (site of)}}, Kingtree House, demolished 1960s.<ref name="kht"/>|group="map"}}

{{blockquote|"At this place Mr. Watson has a pleasure-ground, which is very well worth seeing; it consists of shrubberies with winding walks, and the imitation of a meandering river through the whole..."|[[Arthur Young (writer)|Arthur Young]]| A six months tour through the north of England.<ref name="watsonshrub"/>}}

[[File:Snuff Mill House - geograph.org.uk - 384243.jpg|Snuff Mill House, built 1750 (2007)|thumb|upright]]

[[Snuff (tobacco)|Snuff]] was manufactured in the south of the village in the 18th century; towards the end of the century a large mill owned by [[Quaker]] William Travis was producing 15 hundredweight of snuff per week.<ref name="c1797"/><ref>{{cite book| url =https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea|title= General and concise history and description of the town and port of Kingston-upon-Hull |first = James Joseph |last = Sheahan| publisher = Simpkin, Marshall & Co.| year = 1864| page = [https://archive.org/details/generalconcisehi00shea/page/303 303]}}</ref> William Travis had a three-storied house built in 1750 next to the mill.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1103397|desc=Snuff Mill House and railings|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.7768|-0.4084|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Snuff Mill House}}, Snuff Mill House</ref>

The road from Cottingham to Hull connected with the Hull to Beverley Road (turnpiked by the [[Kingston-upon-Hull and Beverley Road Act 1743]] ([[17 Geo. 2]]. c. 25) of 1744) at [[Newland, Kingston upon Hull|Newland]] toll bar; it was turnpiked as an extension of the Hull to Beverley Road by the [[Kingston-upon-Hull and Beverley Road Act 1764]] ([[4 Geo. 3]]. c. 66). A road from Beverley to Hessle, connecting with the Cottingham to Newlands turnpike was turnpiked by the [[Beverley to Hessle Ferry Turnpike Act 1769]] ([[9 Geo. 3]]. c. 79).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.eylhs.org.uk/tt2.pdf| work = E.Y. Local History Series| number = 18| title = Roads and Turnpike Trusts in Eastern Yorkshire| first = K. A.| last = Macmahon| year = 1964| publisher = East Yorkshire Local History Society| pages = 19–20, 22, 30| access-date = 28 February 2013| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141103023238/http://www.eylhs.org.uk/tt2.pdf| archive-date = 3 November 2014 }}</ref>

William Travis also acquired land on Thwaite Street in the 1770s and by 1795 had built Cottingham Hall, one of the largest dwellings in the village;{{sfn|Allison|1981|p=20}}<ref group="map">{{coord|53.778129|-0.407117|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Cottingham Hall (demolished)}}, Cottingham Hall (demolished, mid 20th century)</ref> it joined other substantial houses including Cottingham House (built pre 1744);{{sfn|Allison|1981|p=19}}<ref group="map">{{coord|53.779165|-0.41151|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Cottingham House (demolished)}}, Cottingham House (demolished, second half 20th century)</ref> Newgate House (built {{circa|1784}});{{sfn|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=391}}<ref>{{NHLE|num=1161541|desc=Newgate House and gate piers|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.77911|-0.410303|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Newgate House}}, Newgate House</ref> Eastgate House (begun 1776);<ref name="eastgate">Sources: *{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=390}} *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=19}} *{{NHLE|num=1103396|desc=Eastgate House|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}} *{{NHLE|num=1310054|desc=Stable and coach house at Eastgate House|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.778886|-0.408846|name=Eastgate House|type:landmark}}, Eastgate House</ref> Westfield (1778);{{efn|Originally Westfield House, built 1778, and extended in the 19th century, later Westfield Country Club, as of 2012 ''Fair Maid'' public house.<ref name="westfield">Sources: *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=19}} *{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=388}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.pub-explorer.com/eyorks/pub/fairmaid.htm| title = Fair Maid| work = www.pub-explorer.com|access-date = 28 February 2013}}</ref>}}<ref group="map">{{coord|53.781522|-0.422071|type:landmark|display=inline|name = Westfield House}}, Westfield House, later Westfield Country Club, later ''Fair Maid'' public house.</ref> 'Green Wickets' (formerly 'Sycamores', built {{circa|1780s}});<ref name="greenwickets">Sources: *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=20}} *{{NHLE|num=1310025|desc=Green wickets and gates and railings|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.778933|-0.40363|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Green Wickets, formerly Sycamores}}, The Green Wickets, formerly Sycamores</ref> and Northgate House (later Northfields House, built 1780, extended in 1820).{{sfn|Allison|1981|p=14}}<ref name="phall"/><ref name="nor" group="map">{{coord|53.784495|-0.414845|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Northfield or Northgate House, later part of Needler Hall}}, Northfield or Northgate House, after 1928 part of Hull University, renamed Needler Hall and extended</ref> By the beginning of the 19th century it was noted as:

{{blockquote|".. a favourite place of residence for the more opulent portion of the merchants of Hull, ... ''[with]'' ..many handsome country houses, gardens and pleasure-grounds."|[[Edward Baines (1774–1848)|Edward Baines]]|<ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-xgHAAAAYAAJ| title = History, directory & gazetteer, of the county of York: with select lists of the merchants & traders of London, and the principal commercial and manufacturing towns of England; and a variety of other commercial information: also a copious list of the seats of the nobility and gentry of Yorkshire| volume= 2|first = Edward| last = Baines|author-link=Edward Baines (1774–1848)| year = 1823|publisher = Edward Baines|chapter =Cottingham|pages = 188–190|chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=-xgHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA188}}</ref>}}

The population of the village in 1792 was 1178 in 284 houses;<ref name="c1797">{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=0KFJAAAAYAAJ| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0KFJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1001| title =The gentleman's magazine, and historical chronicle|volume =67 |issue =2 | chapter=A topographical description of Cottingham near Hull|date= December 1797|pages = 1001–1004}}</ref> in addition to being noted as a desirable place to live, the village was also noted as a centre of [[market gardening]], supplying Hull.<ref name="c1797"/><ref name = "sam4"/> Other employment activities included two breweries, and a carpet factory (1811).<ref name="sam4"/>

Several notable houses and halls were constructed in and around Cottingham at around the turn of the 19th century: to the north-west of the village; Cottingham Grange (built 1801);<ref name="gram" group="map"/> and the nearby Harland Rise (built {{circa|1800}});<ref name="phall"/> south-east of the village, on the road to Hull, Springfield House, (early 19th or last decade of the 18th century);<ref>Sources: *{{NHLE|num=1103395|desc=Springfield|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}} *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=21}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.778059|-0.397867|display=inline|type:landmark|name= Springfield House}}, Springfield House</ref> within the village: Beech House on Northgate;<ref>Sources: *{{harvnb|Allison|1981|p=14}} *{{NHLE|num=1346981|desc=Beech House|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.784104|-0.416202|type:landmark|display=inline|name = Beech House}}, Beech House, Northgate</ref> and Thwaite House (built between 1803 and 1807).<ref name="thwl">{{NHLE|num=1000137|desc=Thwaite Hall|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref group="map" name="thw">{{coord|53.779173|-0.400264|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Thwaite House and associated gardens, later Thwaite Hall, Hull University residence}}, Thwaite House and associated gardens, later Thwaite Hall, Hull University residence</ref>

In 1814–6, [[Thomas Thompson (1754–1828)|Thomas Thompson]] (1754–1828) had a large Gothic house built on high ground about {{convert|1|mi|km|0}} west of Cottingham, having acquired {{convert|54|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of land in 1800; the house became known as ''Cottingham Castle''.<ref group="map" name="cah"/><ref name="perron"/><ref>Sources: *{{cite web| url = http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/thompson-thomas-ii-1754-1828| title = Thompson, Thomas II (1754–1828), of Cottingham Castle, Yorks.|work = www.historyofparliamentonline.org|access-date=8 February 2013}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/museumcollections/collections/storydetail.php?irn=133 | title = Thomas Thompson (1754–1828)| publisher = Hull City Council: Hull Museums Collections|access-date = 28 February 2013}} *{{harvnb|Sheahan|Whellan|1856|p=[https://archive.org/details/historyandtopog01cogoog/page/n556 540; Cottingham Castle]}}</ref> The house burnt down in 1861, although a [[folly tower]] is still extant.<ref group="map">{{coord|53.77649|-0.448625|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Prospect Tower, Cottingham Castle folly}}, Prospect Tower, Cottingham Castle folly</ref><ref name="2c">Sources: *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=twW0OFpGzJAC| title = Curious Tales of Old East Yorkshire| first = Howard |last = Peach| publisher = Sigma Leisure| year =2001|isbn = 978-1-85058-749-1|chapter = 3.Buildings and Artifacts|at = A Two-Castle Village, p. 30| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=twW0OFpGzJAC&pg=PA30}} *{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|pp=387–388}}</ref> Thompson also paid for the reconstruction and expansion of a [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan]] chapel in 1814,<ref name="geo1"/> (original building built 1803<ref name="chap1">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv7HRyjJn8gC| title = Yorkshire Returns of the 1851 Census of Religious Worship. Volume 1: Introduction, City of York and East Riding| editor-first = John |editor-last=Wolfe| publisher = Borthwick Publications, Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, University of York| year = 2000 |isbn = 978-0-903857-95-6| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yv7HRyjJn8gC&pg=PA57| chapter = Sculcoates District : Cottingham Subdistrict : Cottingham| pages =57–}}</ref>) and was instrumental in the establishment of land set aside for poor families; in 1819 the parish officers reserved {{convert|12|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of land, previously used to fund repairs for the church, for the use of twenty families. Originally named Pauper Village, it was renamed "New Village" in 1829.<ref group="map">{{coord|53.78174|-0.39764|display = inline|type:landmark|name = New Village|}}, (Pauper village), New Village</ref><ref name="sam4">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4QgVAAAAQAAJ| title = A topographical dictionary of England | first = Samuel |last = Lewis|edition= 4th | volume=1| year = 1811| pages = 629–630| chapter = Cottingham| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4QgVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA630}}</ref><ref name="perron">{{cite web |url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/mhsc/FarHorizons/Documents/PerronetThompson.pdf |title=The Thompsons: Business, Banking, Radicalism, Sierra Leone and British Political Reform |publisher=Maritime Historical Studies Centre, University of Hull |first=Robb |last=Robinson |access-date=30 July 2009 |archive-date=6 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606041734/http://www.hull.ac.uk/mhsc/FarHorizons/Documents/PerronetThompson.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Zion United Reformed Church, Cottingham - geograph.org.uk - 678977.jpg|thumb|left|Zion Chapel, built 1819 (2008)]] A chapel for the Independents (Zion Chapel) was established in 1819, replacing a pre-1800 Presbyterian building.<ref name="geo1">{{harvnb|Oliver|1829|p=471}}</ref><ref name="chap1"/><ref group="map">{{coord|53.781811|-0.417307|display= inline|type:landmark|name = Zion Chapel}}, Zion Chapel, Hallgate</ref> The chapel is now designated a Grade II* listed building<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=1504893|mname= Zion chapel|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1103393|desc=Zion United Reformed Church|access-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> and an adjoining 1802 [[Manse|minister's house]] is Grade II listed.<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=1504896|mname= Manse to the Zion United Reformed Church, Cottingham|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1161521|desc=The Manse|access-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> A [[Primitive Methodist]] chapel was constructed in 1828.<ref name="chap1"/><ref group="map">{{coord|53.782964|-0.414052|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Primitive Methodist chapel}}, ex-Primitive Methodist chapel, King Street</ref> A new Methodist church was built in 1878/9.<ref>{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=387}}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.782183|-0.415342|display=inline|type:landmark|name=Methodist church, 1878/9}}, Methodist church, 1878/9, Hallgate</ref>

Elmtree House was built in the early 1800s for John Hebblewhite, Hull draper.{{efn|Elmtree House,<ref group="map" name="elmtree">{{coord|53.780678|-0.415950|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Elmtree House (since 1949 Cottingham Memorial Club)}}, Elmtree House (since 1949 Cottingham Memorial Club)</ref> built 1820/1834,<ref>Sources: *{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=391}} *{{NHLE|num=1310058|desc=Elmtree House|access-date= 4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref> acquired by Cottingham Memorial Club in 1949.<ref>[[#remarkcot|'Remarkable' spirit of a community]], quote: ''In 1949, the Cottingham Memorial Club purchased Elm Tree House''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url =http://www.cottinghammemorialclub.co.uk/|title =Cottingham Memorial Club|publisher =Cottingham Memorial Club|access-date =19 June 2012}}, see [http://www.cottinghammemorialclub.co.uk/History.htm history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514021836/http://www.cottinghammemorialclub.co.uk/History.htm |date=14 May 2012 }}</ref>}}

By 1837, the population of Cottingham was nearly 2,500, with over 500 houses.<ref>{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=la0_AAAAcAAJ| title = The English Counties Delineated| volume= 2 | first= Thomas |last = Moule| publisher = Virtue| year = 1837| page =414| chapter = Cottingham| chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=la0_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA414}}</ref> The interior and exteriors of the Church of Saint Mary were restored and renovated in 1845 and 1892 respectively. Monuments to [[Thomas Thompson (1754–1828)|Thomas Thompson]] (died 1828), and [[Thomas Perronet Thompson]] were added in the 19th century.<ref name="chsm"/> The current (2012) Arlington Hall and Mark Kirby school buildings adjacent to the church were built in the mid 19th century.<ref name="adjch"/><ref>{{NHLE|num=1161528|desc=Arlington Hall|access-date=4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref><ref>{{NHLE|num=1310046|desc=Mark Kirby's Free School|access-date = 4 December 2012| fewer-links=y}}</ref>

The rail network reached Cottingham in October 1846, with the opening of [[Cottingham railway station]] and the [[Hull and Bridlington Railway]] extension of the [[Hull and Selby Railway]]. Cottingham station was built close to and east of the village centre.<ref>Sources: see [[Cottingham railway station]]</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.7817|-0.406376|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Cottingham railway station}}, Cottingham railway station</ref> After the arrival of the railway housing development began for the middle classes of Hull; resulting in the construction of terraced and semi-detached villas.{{sfn|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=385}} {{clear}}

===1850 to present=== [[File:1905 on Thwaite Street, Cottingham, East Yorkshire, England.jpg|thumb|right|Thwaite Street, {{circa|1900}}]]

By the 1850s Cottingham was a substantial village, with housing along its main streets of Northgate, Hallgate, King Street, Newgate Street, South Street, and Thwaite Street.<ref>Ordnance Survey. 1855, 1:10560, sheets 225 & 226</ref> The ''Provincial Gaslight and Coke Company'' was established in the 1850s, building a gasworks in the village, north of the railway station, at a cost of £3,258.<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hHgxAQAAMAAJ|journal = The Journal of Gas Lighting, Water Supply and Sanitary Improvement|editor-first = Thomas Greaves |editor-last=Barlow| volume = 5| year = 1856| pages = 522–523|title = The Provincial Gaslight and Coke Company}}</ref><ref group="map" name="mill1">{{coord|53.78397|-0.407205|display=inline|type:landmark|name = site of Gas Works, later used for "Station Mills" (Paley & Donkin) factory}}, Gas Works, site later used for a cloth mill, "Station Mills"</ref> The Cottingham gas undertaking was purchased by Hull Corporation in 1901, who switched to supply from their larger gasworks. During the 20th century the gas works site was used for a cloth mill, "Station Mills",<ref>Ordnance Survey, 1:2500, 1910</ref> owned by ''Paley & Donkin'' who produced oil press cloths.<ref>Sources: *{{cite journal|journal = Board of Trade Journal| year = 1917|volume = 98–99|page = 39,551}} *{{cite book|title = FBI Register of British Manufacturers|publisher = Federation of British Industries| year = 1924| page = 358}} </ref>{{efn|''Paley & Donkin'' original established at Snuff Mill House in 1892 before moving to Station Mills. The oil press cloth business ended in the 1950s; the company diversified into [[worsted]] yarn and [[carpet]] manufacture. Manufacturing ended 1979.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.pdcarpets.co.uk/html/p_d_history.htm|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100412160132/http://www.pdcarpets.co.uk/html/p_d_history.htm| archive-date = 12 April 2010| publisher = P&D Carpets| year = 2004| title =P&D Carpets Ltd – a brief history |access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref>}} Additional industry developed on the site north-west of the station, including a saw mill. {{As of|2012}} the mill buildings are still extant, and in industrial/commercial use.<ref>Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1928; 1952–4; 1964–70. 1:10000: 1973–7; 1982; 1994. 1:25000: 2006</ref>

Until 1857, nearby [[Skidby]] was part of the parish of Cottingham.{{sfn|Overton|1861|p=108}}

In 1875, [[Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Nunburnholme|Charles Wilson]] acquired Thwaite House and extended it, converting it into a substantial mansion.<ref name="thwl"/> General housing development between the 1850s and 1890 was limited, a terrace of houses was built on the eastern part of Hallgate, close to the railway station. By 1910, additional terraces had been built to the north and east of the village close to the railway, on New Village Lane and east of Millhouse Woods Lane.<ref>Ordnance survey. 1:10560. 1855, 1890, 1910</ref>

[[File:Pumping House - geograph.org.uk - 391890.jpg|thumb|left|'Mill Dam' pumping house, late 1800s (2007)]]

By the 1870s the expansion of Hull was predicted to be such that additional water supply would be needed, and plans for extraction were made for two sites near Cottingham.<ref>{{cite journal| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ea8QAQAAMAAJ | journal = British Architect| volume = 9| year = 1878| title = Hull: Proposed Additional Waterworks|last= Maxwell|page = 47|quote = ..[estimates that] in a few years' time the Hull Corporation will have to provide 75% more water than they do at present. The first scheme has reference to the "Dam Springs" and would cost £41,000. The site for the second scheme is situated near Keldgate, about two and a-quarter miles north-west of Springhead. In this scheme there are fields of such elevation that they might be converted into reservoirs}}</ref> In 1890 a pumping station ('Mill Dam pumping station') was opened north of the village centre, near Mill Dam stream; built to supply Kingston upon Hull with water from the [[aquifer]] via three boreholes.{{efn|The [[Kingston-upon-Hull Corporation and Water Act 1884]] ([[47 & 48 Vict.]] c. lx) allowed water extraction at Mill Dam stream near Cottingham. Three boreholes were sunk, operated by three compound pumping engines.<ref>Sources: *{{cite journal| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/25292/pages/6193/page.pdf| title = In Parliament : Session 1884. Kingston-upon-Hull Corporation Water, &c. (Extension of Limits of Water Supply ...)| journal = The London Gazette| date = 30 November 1883| page=6193}} Also [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/25292/pages/6194/page.pdf p. 6194] *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7joxAQAAMAAJ| title = The Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer| volume = 26| year = 1904|page=7| quote = Three cast-iron lined pumping shafts were sunk to a depth of 80 ft. and connected by 450 ft. of adits, 6 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in., to three wells 75 ft. deep, from the bottom of which were sunk three artesian bores 200 ft. deep. The three engines which were erected at Mill Dam are direct-acting, compound and surface condensing. They are of the inverted-cylinder marine type, and the steam-cylinders (which are unjacketed) are respectively 27 in. and 49 in. diameter, with 5 ft. stroke. Each engine works two plunger pumps 21 in. diameter...}} *{{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=66784#s2|chapter = Public services : Water Supply| title = A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 1: The City of Kingston upon Hull |year = 1969| pages = 371–386|editor-first = K. J.|editor-last= Allison |via=www.british-history.ac.uk| quote=An Act of 1884 gave authority for works to be built on Mill Dam stream, at Cottingham, and these were opened in 1890| url = http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=549}}</ref> Triple expansion engines supplied by [[Worthington-Simpson, Ltd]] were installed in 1932-4.<ref>Sources: *{{cite PastScape|mnumber=79153|mname=Cottingham pumping station |access-date=14 January 2013}} *{{cite news| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=lPrVAAAAMAAJ | title = Water and water engineering| volume =51|publisher = Fuel & Metallurgical Journals Ltd| date = February 1948| page=56| quote = Mill Dam has three sets of triple expansion steam engines and pumps supplied by Messrs. Worthington-Simpson, Ltd., erected in 1932 to 1934}}</ref> The pumping station was connected to the rail network by a short spur off the [[Hull and Bridlington Railway|Hull to Bridlington railway line]] until the second half of the 20th century.<ref>Ordnance survey. 1:2500. 1910, 1927–8, 1954–63</ref> By 1999 the works had two pumping shafts in operation, with about {{convert|0.6|mi|km|0}} of adits, and was licensed to extract over 68,000 cubic metres per day.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YybuMcK_2iQC |chapter=An integrated groundwater, pipe and open-channel flow model for simulation of aquifer-adit systems |first1=BeiYan |last1=Zhang |first2=David N. |last2=Lerner |editor-first=F. |editor-last=Stauffer |editor2-first=W. |editor2-last=Kinzelbach |editor3-first=K. |editor3-last=Kovar |first3=E. |last3=Hoehn |series=IAHS Publication |volume=265 |pages=67–73 |title=Calibration and Reliability in Groundwater Modelling: Coping with Uncertainty. Proceedings of the ModelCARE'99 conference held in Zurich, Switzerland, 20–23 September 1999 |isbn=978-1-901502-36-7 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YybuMcK_2iQC |year=2000}}</ref> See also: adit image: in {{harvnb|Gale|Rutter|Adams|Bloomfield|2006|loc = "Plate 3 Converging adits in the Cottingham shaft and adit source", p. 49}} |name="mdps"}}<ref group="map" name="ps1"/> West of the village at Keldgate a reservoir was constructed in 1909 with a capacity of about {{convert|10000000|impgal|m3|abbr=on}}; representing a day's usage. The reservoir was expanded in the 1930s, with the construction of a second "No.2 reservoir" with a capacity of about {{convert|8000000|impgal|m3|abbr=on}}.<ref name="reservoir12">Sources: *{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=6TsxAQAAMAAJ| title = The Surveyor and Municipal and County Engineer| volume =31| year = 1907| page = 125|quote=The waterworks department has commenced the construction of a covered concrete service reservoir, at Keldgate, near Skidby. The reservoir will contain about 10000000 gallons, or one day's supply}} *{{cite journal|journal = Hull Times| title = Opening of Hull's new reservoir, Keldgate| date = 3 July 1909| page = 7}} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=yyVPAAAAYAAJ| title = The builder| year = 1909| at = Hull City Waterworks, p. 78| quote = ..the opening has just taken place of the reservoir at Keldgate, near Cottingham, which has been constructed at a cost of 43,0000L}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.waterprojectsonline.com/case_studies/2009/Yorkshire_Keldgate_Res_2009.pdf| title = Keldgate Service Reservoir| first = Tony |last=Jones|access-date=14 June 2012|quote = Keldgate Critical Service Reservoir (CSR) is a large service reservoir near Hull. It stores about 48 ML of treated water for distribution to East Yorkshire and was built in the early 1900s. The reservoir was built in mass concrete with a barrel vaulted concrete roof, covered by an average depth of 850mm of earth|year =2009| work = www.waterprojectsonline.com}} *{{cite journal| url = http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33555/pages/7714/page.pdf| journal = London Gazette| title = In Parliament.—Session 1929–30. KINGSTON UPON HULL CORPORATION| date = 26 November 1929| page =7714| quote = NOTICE is hereby given that application is intended to be made to Parliament in the session 1929–30 ... an enlargement of the Keldgate service reservoir in the urban district of Cottingham}} *{{cite journal|journal=Civil Engineering| volume=28| year = 1933| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mz8nAQAAMAAJ |title=Waterworks| at = p. 76; also pp. 120, 355}} *{{cite news| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFBAQAAIAAJ| title = American Water Works Association (Journal)| year = 1948| page =477}} *Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1890; 1910; 1927; 1963. 1:10560: 1938–52</ref><ref name="keld12" group="map"/>

In around 1890, a cemetery separate to the churchyard was established, on Eppleworth Road;<ref>Ordnance Survey, 1:2500; 1890</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.78337|-0.43023|display = inline|type:landmark|name =Eppleworth Road cemetery}}, Eppleworth Road cemetery</ref> the earliest recorded interment dates to 1889.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=047-ddx837#0| title = Cottingham Cemetery Plans (photocopies)| publisher = National Archives|access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref> In 1913–6 the development of [[Castle Hill Hospital]] began,<ref group="map" name="cah">{{coord|53.77793|-0.443773|display = inline|type:landmark|name =Cottingham Castle, later Castle Hill Hospital|}}, Cottingham Castle, later Castle Hill Hospital</ref> on the site of the former ''Cottingham Castle'' house.<ref name="2c"/> the initial buildings were a [[tuberculosis]] sanitorium,<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=1068461|mname= Castle Hill Hospital (East Site)|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref> the hospital was extended westwards between 1921 and 1939 with the addition of an infectious diseases hospital.<ref>{{cite PastScape|mnumber=1068470|mname= Castle Hill Hospital (West Site)|access-date=14 January 2013}}</ref>

The large houses Northfields House,<ref name="nor" group="map"/> and Thwaite House,<ref group="map" name="thw"/> were acquired by the nascent [[Hull University]] in 1928, converted to halls of residence, and renamed [[Needler Hall]] and [[Thwaite Hall]] respectively.<ref name="phall">{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|pp=389 & 392}}</ref> Both Halls were substantially extended in the period after acquisition for university accommodation use.<ref name="thwl"/><ref>Ordnance Survey. 1:2500. 1927–8, 1952–3</ref> In 1951 the university created another hall of residence, 'Cleminson Hall' on grounds south of Thwaite Hall, the site was expanded for student accommodation in the 1960s.<ref name="cle">{{harvnb|Pevsner|Neave|1995|p=390}}</ref>{{efn|The original house, known as 'The Bungalow',<ref group="map">{{coord|53.778289|-0.401783|type:landmark|display=inline|name = "The Bungalow", later part of Cleminson Hall, now part of 'Cleminson Halls' housing estate}}, "The Bungalow", later part of Cleminson Hall, now part of 'Cleminson Halls' housing estate</ref> was built by shipowner [[Charles Wilson, 1st Baron Nunburnholme]], around the beginning of the 20th century for his son [[Charles Wilson, 2nd Baron Nunburnholme]].<ref>{{cite book|title = A History of Hull| page = 349| first1=Edward |last1=Gillett|first2 = Kenneth A. |last2=MacMahon| year = 1980|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-713436-8}}</ref>}} Cleminson Hall was closed in 2003/4, and the site sold,<ref>{{cite journal| url = http://www.hullalumni.org/_pdf/Gradlink2004.pdf| title = Alumn Pinboard : Cleminson Hall| page = 4| journal = Gradlink| date =Autumn 2004| quote = The University Council has decided that, because of changing student accommodation preferences and the need to increase income, Cleminson Hall will close at the end of the 2003/04 session and will be sold| access-date = 4 June 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120603233523/http://www.hullalumni.org/_pdf/Gradlink2004.pdf| archive-date = 3 June 2012| url-status = dead }}</ref> the site was redeveloped into a housing estate between 2009 and 2012.<ref>Sources: *{{cite news|url = http://hull-daily-mail.vlex.co.uk/vid/cottingham-eyesore-student-digs-homes-328677427|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120224052800/http://hull-daily-mail.vlex.co.uk/vid/cottingham-eyesore-student-digs-homes-328677427|url-status = dead|archive-date = 24 February 2012 |title = Cottingham: 'Eyesore' Student Digs Will Be Made Into 45 Homes|work = Hull Daily Mail|date = 26 October 2011|via = vlex|access-date = 22 November 2014}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.millerhomes.co.uk/developments/yorkshire/cleminson-halls-cottingham.aspx| title = Welcome to Cleminson Halls| work = www.millerhomes.co.uk| access-date = 28 February 2013}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.easier.com/102878-luxury-miller-homes-cottingham.html| title = Luxury Miller Homes unveiled for first time in Cottingham| date = 19 May 2012| work = www.easier.com| access-date = 11 May 2015}}</ref>

During the Second World War, a temporary camp (Harland Way Camp) was constructed near Cottingham Grange. Initially, it housed refugees, and it later became an army transit camp;<ref>{{cite book| title = The University of Hull : The First Fifty Years| url = https://archive.org/details/universityofhull0000bamf| url-access = registration|first = T. W. |last=Bamford|year = 1978| publisher =Oxford University Press|isbn = 978-0-19-713432-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/universityofhull0000bamf/page/137 137–143]}}</ref> the grange itself was used as officers quarters. The house was demolished by the 1950s and the site split between the new Cottingham Secondary school and [[Hull University]].<ref name="chs"/><ref name="osmi">Ordnance survey. 1:2500. 1954–63, 1963, 1971</ref> Hull University built the [[Neo-Georgian style (Great Britain)|neo-Georgian]] block of [[Ferens Hall]] in 1956/7 on the army camp site, and in 1963 construction of a large modernist pale-brown brick [[halls of residence]], designed by [[Gillespie, Kidd & Coia]] known as [[The Lawns]] began on the east side of the same site.<ref name="adjch"/><ref name="osmi"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gillespiekiddandcoia.com/popup.php?majorwork=26 |title=The Lawns by Gillespie Kidd and Coia |publisher=www.gillespiekiddandcoia.com |access-date=26 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801005218/http://www.gillespiekiddandcoia.com/popup.php?majorwork=26 |archive-date=1 August 2009 }}</ref><ref group="map" name="lawns">{{coord|53.787852|-0.426042|type:landmark|display=inline|name = The Lawns (Hull University)}}, The Lawns (Hull University accommodation)</ref> Cottingham Secondary School (as of 2012 [[Cottingham High School]]) opened in 1955, with extension opened in the 1975/8, on the western side of the former Cottingham Grange site.<ref group="map" name="gram">{{coord|53.78830|-0.432014|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Cottingham High School, former site of Cottingham Grange}}, Cottingham High School, former site of Cottingham Grange</ref><ref name="chs">{{cite web|url=http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupHomepage.asp?GroupID=17205|title=Cottingham High School History|last=Clarke|first=Richard|publisher=www.school-portal.co.uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313222213/http://www.school-portal.co.uk/GroupHomepage.asp?GroupID=17205|archive-date=13 March 2012|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref>

[[File:South Street looking west - geograph.org.uk - 508467.jpg|thumb|right|Early 20th century terraces, South Street (2007)]] The village became increasingly urbanised in the first half of the 20th century, particularly by terraced housing. Additionally the road to Hull was developed, with housing near continuous along it by the 1950s.<ref>Ordnance survey. 1:2500: 1910; 1927–8. 1:10560: 1910–11; 1938–52; 1956. 1:63360: New Popular edition 1945-7 (1947); Seventh Series 1952–61 (1959)</ref> During the interwar period the boundaries of Hull were expanded, taking in part of Cottingham; the North Hull Estate was constructed on the north-west fringe of the city in the 1930s, and by mid-century, only a narrow strip of green space separated Hull from Cottingham on its eastern boundary near 'New Village'.<ref>{{cite book| title = Hull| series = Pevsner Architectural Guides| first1= David |last1=Neave| first2 = Susan |last2=Neave|isbn= 978-0-300-14172-6|year = 2010|publisher =Yale University Press|pages =25–26}}</ref><ref>Ordnance survey. 1:10560. 1956</ref>

In the post-Second World War period, extensive urban development and expansion took place, in particular to the south of the village. In this period most of the development was of detached and semi-detached dwellings, often with front and rear gardens. By the mid-1950s Southwood Hall was surrounded by houses. Expansion continued in the later part of the 20th century: there was further housing built to the north of Northgate, as well as a large amount of housing expansion westwards towards Castle Hill Hospital. The development reached an effective maximum extent by the 1970s: in the decades following (up to 2010), a limited amount of extra housing stock was built, mostly infill developments within the urban limit of the 1970s.<ref>Ordnance survey. 1:10560: 1956; 1968–9. 1:10000: 1973–7; 1992–4; 2006</ref>

The [[travel trailer|caravan]] manufacturing company Swift (see [[Swift Leisure]]) moved from Hull to a factory north-east of Cottingham in 1970, the company expanded its facilities in the early 2000s, investing £6.8 million in a new factory.<ref name="swift1">Sources: *{{cite news| url = http://www.hull.co.uk/news.asp?PageID=74&MediaCategoryID=9&NewsID=261&MediaType=news| title = Plans Unveiled for Multi Million Pound Scheme to Safeguard Jobs and Ease Traffic Problems| date = 15 June 2005| work = www.hull.co.uk| access-date = 14 February 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131214021339/http://www.hull.co.uk/news.asp?PageID=74&MediaCategoryID=9&NewsID=261&MediaType=news| archive-date = 14 December 2013| url-status = dead}} *[[#remarkcot|'Remarkable' spirit of a community]], quote: ''..Cottingham's own caravan maker, the Swift Group, based at Dunswell Road. The story of Swift Caravans is a rags-to-riches affair, since a company that in 2007 had sales of £191.3 million, began life in 1964 as a small operation located in a garage on Hedon Road, Hull. The company moved to Cottingham in 1970, and since then, has expanded its facilities there with a training centre and a new factory complex'' *{{cite news| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Caravan-firm-expansion-approved/story-11976481-detail/story.html| title = Caravan firm expansion approved| date = 3 April 2008| work = This is Hull and East Riding| accessdate = 3 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213002210/https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Caravan-firm-expansion-approved/story-11976481-detail/story.html|archivedate=13 December 2013|url-status=dead}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.outandaboutlive.co.uk/Motorhomes/Features/Editorial/Down-the-line/_ch1_ft162_pg1| title = Down the line| first1 = Dave| last1 = King| first2 = Liz| last2 = King| date = 30 October 2007| work = www.outandaboutlive.co.uk| access-date = 14 February 2013| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120725034408/http://www.outandaboutlive.co.uk/Motorhomes/Features/Editorial/Down-the-line/_ch1_ft162_pg1| archive-date = 25 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="swiftloc" group="map">{{coord|53.79783|-0.40223|type:landmark|display=inline|name = Swift caravan factory (post 2006)}}, Swift caravan factory, post 2006 development location</ref> A new connection to the [[A1079 road]] 'Beverley Bypass' was built for the upgraded factory development.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.metconsultancygroup.com/wp-content/uploads/REV-0_Boundary-Business-Park-Met-Engineers_190312.pdf| title = Boundary Business Park| publisher = Met Engineers Ltd| access-date = 7 June 2012}}</ref> In 2015 Swift began a {{convert|116250|sqft}} expansion of their factory, with a further {{convert|72656|sqft}} of covered storage.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Swift-Caravans-announces-multimillion-pound/story-27760195-detail/story.html| title = Swift Caravans announces multimillion pound expansion project at Cottingham factory| first = James| last = Burton| date = 9 September 2015| work = Hull Daily Mail| access-date = 9 September 2015| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150911190539/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Swift-Caravans-announces-multimillion-pound/story-27760195-detail/story.html| archive-date = 11 September 2015 }}</ref>

In 1981, the tradition of installing [[Christmas lights (holiday decoration)|Christmas lights]] was started by local traders, as a way of increasing trade and adding to the sense of community during the winter season.<ref>[[#remarkcot|'Remarkable' spirit of a community]]</ref>

[[Castle Hill Hospital]] was extended by the addition of an [[oncology]] and [[hematology]] unit in 2009, ''The Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology'', a [[cardiac]] unit and additional cancer centre for teenage patients in 2011.<ref>Sources: *{{cite news| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/Queen-visit-Hospital-staff-greet-Majesty/story-11978007-detail/story.html| title = Queen visit: Hospital staff greet Her Majesty| date = 5 March 2009| work = This is Hull and East Riding| access-date = 3 February 2013}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite news| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-15981745| title = Hull's Castle Hill Hospital unveils cancer centre| date = 1 December 2011| work = BBC News| publisher = BBC| access-date = 3 February 2013}} *{{cite news| url = http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/class-cardiac-care/story-11960344-detail/story.html| title = First-class cardiac care in region| date = 28 February 2009| work = This is Hull and East Riding| access-date = 3 February 2013}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite web | url =http://www.smbcgroup.com/emea/sfde/news_sfde_14dec09 | title =RIBA gold award for SMBCE-funded hospital | date =14 December 2009 | work =www.smbcgroup.com | access-date =10 March 2013 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20140810224102/https://www.smbcgroup.com/emea/sfde/news_sfde_14dec09 | archive-date =10 August 2014 }} *{{cite web| url=http://www.hlmarchitects.com/news/hlm-swept-the-board-at-the-riba-white-rose-awards| title=HLM swept the board at the RIBA White Rose Awards| date=3 November 2009| work=www.hlmarchitects.com| access-date=10 March 2013}}</ref>

In 1999, the reservoirs at Keldgate were added to with the installation of a water treatment works adjacent to the west;<ref name="keld12" group="map"/> the plant had a capacity of 90 ML/d and was supplied with water from the main four local extraction boreholes (Springhead, Keldgate, Cottingham, Dunswell). Treatment facilities included [[ultrafiltration]], modification of [[plumbosolvency]], disinfection and chlorination. The works were designed with an architectural style intended to mimic a local brick and [[pantile (roof material)|pantile]] built building. Due to rising levels of [[nitrate]] contamination of the groundwater an [[ion-exchange]] nitrate removal plant was added in 2009 with a capacity of 33 ML/d; the plant used a rotating schedule of 20 de-nitrating reactors (14 online, 6 in stages of regeneration) with the ion exchange media regeneration phased including an initial backwash fluidisation stage, followed by [[Countercurrent exchange|countercurrent]] ion-exchange resin recharge.<ref name="kwtw">Sources: *{{cite book| chapter = Ultrafiltration for 90 MLD ''Cryptosporidium-'' and ''Giardia-'' free Drinking Water, A Case Study of the Yorkshire Water Keldgate Plant| pages=49–56| first1 = F. N. M.|last1 = Knops|first2=B.|last2 =Franklin|title= Membrane Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=ibomRQXYppoC|editor-first= Peter|editor-last= Hillis|publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry| year = 2000|isbn = 978-0-85404-800-7|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ibomRQXYppoC&pg=PA49}} *{{cite web| url = http://waterprojectsonline.com/case_studies/2010/Yorkshire_Keldgate_2010.pdf|first = Peter| last = Corrigan|title = Keldgate WTW nitrates removal scheme| work = waterprojectsonline.com|access-date=14 February 2013}} *{{cite web| url =http://waterprojectsonline.com/case_studies/2009/Yorkshire_Keldgate_2009.pdf | last = ACWA Services Ltd.|title = Keldgate WTW – innovative ACWA NITREAT plant future proofs water treatment works against anticipated increase in nitrate levels| work = waterprojectsonline.com|year = 2009|access-date=14 February 2013}}</ref>

In the late 2000s, a large {{convert|8|ha|adj=on|order=flip}}, 13,000 interment capacity cemetery named ''Priory Woods Cemetery'' was built on Priory Road, on the southern fringes of the village for the use of [[Hull City Council]].<ref group="map">{{coord|53.7744|-0.4082|display = inline|type:landmark|name =Priory Woods cemetery}}, Priory Woods cemetery</ref> The cemetery was opposed by [[East Riding of Yorkshire Council]], and by some local residents but was allowed on an appeal, and formally opened in May 2010.<ref name="cem2">Sources: *{{cite web|work = East Riding of Yorkshire Council planning application|title = Change of use of agricultural land to cemetery together with erection of waiting room and maintenance area and service buildings – Proposed Cemetery Snuff Mill Lane Path Cottingham East Riding Of Yorkshire (Ref. No. 04/03391/STPLF)|date = 13 April 2004|url = http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/newpublicaccess/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=summary&keyVal=0403391STPLF|access-date = 2 November 2013}} *{{cite news| url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/New-Priory-Woods-Cemetery-west-Hull-officially-opened-Lord-Mayor-Hull/story-11949611-detail/story.html| title = New Priory Woods Cemetery in west Hull officially opened by the Lord Mayor of Hull| date = 19 May 2010| work = Hull Daily Mail| access-date = 2 November 2013| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043139/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/New-Priory-Woods-Cemetery-west-Hull-officially-opened-Lord-Mayor-Hull/story-11949611-detail/story.html| archive-date = 24 September 2015 }} *{{cite news| url = http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/main-topics/local-stories/city-happy-with-163-1-9m-cemetery-after-six-burials-in-three-months-1-2586008| title = City happy with £1.9m cemetery after six burials in three months| date = 25 August 2010| work = Yorkshire Post| access-date = 2 November 2013}}</ref>

In 2014, planning permission was granted for up to 125 houses to the west of the village, south of Castle Road, at a site formerly used by ''Twinacre Nurseries'';<ref>{{cite web| url = https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/caseDetails.do?caseType=Application&keyVal=N7M6ZZBJIQD00| title = (14/02054/STPLF) Erection of 125 no. dwellings and associated access infrastructure, landscaping and works, including provision of drainage infrastructure following demolition of 59 and 79 Castle Road and existing building, Twinacre Nurseries Limited Castle Road Cottingham |type = planning application| date = 23 June 2014| publisher = East Riding of Yorkshire Council|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref> the first houses were completed by late 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title = First homes go on sale at Merchants Gate Cottingham from £310,000|date = 8 October 2015|first = Sophie|last = Kitching|url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/homes-sale-merchants-gate-cottingham-310-000/story-27941171-detail/story.html|work = Hull Daily Mail|access-date = 22 August 2016}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An adjacent site was also sought to be developed in the same period – an initial plan for up to 600 houses as part of a mixed use development (2013) was submitted by Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust but rejected;<ref>{{cite web| url = https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/caseDetails.do?caseType=Application&keyVal=MHUBL8BJI2000 | title = (13/00379/STOUTE) Outline – Erection of mixed use development comprising residential (Use Class C3) (maximum 600 units including key worker housing); food and non-food retail (A1); food and drink (A3 & A4); residential care home (C2); healthcare (D1), landscaping, play spaces, sports pitches and changing facilities and surface water attenuation, and incorporating associated new access to include provision of a roundabout and re-alignment of Castle Road, widening of Willerby Low Road and creation of two access points|type = planning application| publisher = East Riding of Yorkshire Council|date = 8 February 2013|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/nhs-plan-build-600-new-homes-castle-hill-hospital/story-20057342-detail/story.html | title = NHS plan to build 600 new homes next to Castle Hill Hospital on edge of Cottingham rejected | date = 9 November 2013 | first = Angus | last = Young | work = Hull Daily Mail | access-date = 22 August 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131114142357/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/NHS-plan-build-600-new-homes-Castle-Hill-Hospital/story-20057342-detail/story.html | archive-date = 14 November 2013 }}</ref> an amended and reduced plan for up to 180 dwellings between Willerby Low Road and Castle Road was submitted in 2014 and accepted.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=dates&keyVal=N469GBBJHW200| title = (14/01325/STOUTE) OUTLINE – Erection of Residential Development (maximum 180 dwellings) (means of access to be considered) (Re-submission of 13/00379/STOUTE) |date = 20 May 2014| type =planning application| publisher = East Riding of Yorkshire Council|access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2016, planning permission was granted for a 320 home development on a {{convert|26|acre}} site to the north-west of the village, south of Harland Way.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://newplanningaccess.eastriding.gov.uk/newplanningaccess/caseDetails.do?caseType=Application&keyVal=O438RDBJK9P00| title = (16/00912/STPLF) Erection of 320 dwellings with associated access, parking, play space, water attenuation basin and infrastructure| publisher = East Riding of Yorkshire Council| type = planning application| date =5 April 2016|access-date=22 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/320-homes-to-be-built-in-harland-way-cottingham/story-29640511-detail/story.html| title = 320 homes to be built in Harland Way, Cottingham| date = 22 August 2016| first = Angus| last = Young| work = Hull Daily Mail| access-date = 22 August 2016}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Geography== The approximate boundaries of the modern civil parish of Cottingham are the [[A164 road|A164 Beverley to Humber Bridge]] road to the west and Kingston upon Hull to the east. The southern boundary is in fields between the village and [[Willerby, East Riding of Yorkshire|Willerby]] and Hull. The southern half of the parish consists mostly of the town of Cottingham, as well as Castle Hill Hospital.<ref name="2001 census">{{NOMIS2001 |id = 1543504337 |title = Cottingham Parish |access-date= 7 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="osp">Ordnance survey. 1:25000. 2006</ref> The northern half of the parish is primarily agricultural, including glasshouse horticulture and a Traveller site on Wood Hill Way.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www2.eastriding.gov.uk/living/travellers-and-gypsies/gypsy-traveller-sites/| title = Gypsy and traveller sites| access-date = 17 June 2012| publisher = East Riding of Yorkshire Council}}</ref> The only significant non-agricultural industry is the caravan manufacturing site in the north-east of the parish (as of 2012 "Swift Caravans"), with over {{convert|607000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} of buildings on a {{convert|87|acre|ha|adj=on}} site.<ref name="swift1"/><ref name="swiftloc" group="map"/>

Cottingham is within the Parliamentary constituency of [[Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham (UK Parliament constituency)|Kingston upon Hull North and Cottingham]], which is represented by [[Dame Diana Johnson]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hull North & Cottingham Results |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2024/uk/constituencies/E14001314 |publisher=BBC |date=5 July 2024 |access-date=16 October 2024}}</ref>

A golf course and leisure club on Wood Hill Way,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cottinghamparks.co.uk/| title = Cottingham Parks, golf and leisure club, East Yorkshire, UK| access-date = 17 June 2012| work = www.cottinghamparks.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.skidbylakes.co.uk/| work = www.skidbylakes.co.uk| title = Skidby Lakes Golf Club|access-date = 28 February 2013}}</ref> and a major (400/275 kV AC) electricity substation "Creyke Beck",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.supergen-networks.org.uk/filebyid/210/Nick%20Jenkins.pdf |title=Infrastructure for, and integration of, renewable energy into electricity networks |first=Andrew |last=Hiorns |publisher=National Grid |work=www.supergen-networks.org.uk |date=7 December 2010 |at=pp. 5,6; see map diagrams |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223142411/http://www.supergen-networks.org.uk/filebyid/210/Nick%20Jenkins.pdf/ |archive-date=23 December 2015 }}</ref><ref group="map">{{coord|53.800828|-0.415159|display = inline| type:landmark|name = Creyke Beck electricity substation}}, Creyke Beck electricity substation</ref> lie just outside the formal boundaries of the parish, within [[Skidby]] civil parish.<ref name="osp"/> The substation is the connection point for the GigaWatt-sized [[Dogger Bank Wind Farm]], and two [[Battery storage power station|grid batteries]] at a combined 145 MW power.<ref>{{cite web |title=NatWest completes financing deal with Statera for eight flexible energy projects |url=https://www.current-news.co.uk/news/natwest-completes-financing-deal-with-statera-for-eight-flexible-energy-projects |website=Current |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220629112421/https://www.current-news.co.uk/news/natwest-completes-financing-deal-with-statera-for-eight-flexible-energy-projects |archive-date=29 June 2022 |date=10 March 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cottingham: Europe's biggest battery storage system switched on |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-63707463 |website=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121205107/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-humber-63707463 |archive-date=21 November 2022 |date=21 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Historically, Cottingham was noted for its springs: ones to the north of the town formed a north to south riverlet through the town, that drove Snuff Mill; whilst a large and vigorous [[Gypsey (spring)|gypsey]] existed at Keldgate.<ref name="c1797"/> Unsustainable levels of water extraction in the area since the 1930s are thought to have reduced [[water table]] levels and to have caused the disappearance of springs in the area.<ref>Sources: *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=53IPHH32OgYC| title = Groundwater in the Urban Environment: Selected City Profiles| volume = 21| editor-first = John| editor-last = Chilton| publisher = Taylor & Francis| year = 1999| work = International Contributions to Hydrology| chapter = Urban groundwater and environmental management: Hull, East Yorkshire| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=53IPHH32OgYC&pg=PA93| first1 = R. J.| last1 = Aldrick| first2 = M. O.| last2 = Rivett| first3 = S. L.| last3 = Hepburn| isbn = 9789054109242| at = 3. Groundwater Resources, p. 93, also in Volume 2 of Proceedings of the XXVII IAH Congress of Groundwater in the Urban Environment, Nottingham, UK, 21–27 September 1997}} *{{cite book|at = 3.4 Hydrology, p. 9|quote = As a result of heavy groundwater abstraction, particularly from Cottingham pumping station, most springs between Beverley and Hull have dried up over the last century (Chadha, 1986)|title = Baseline Report Series: 10. The Chalk Aquifer of Yorkshire and North Humberside|url = http://publications.environment-agency.gov.uk/PDF/SCHO0207BLYH-E-E.pdf |work = publications.environment-agency.gov.uk|first1 = P. L.|last1 = Smedley|first2 = I.|last2 = Neumann|first3 = R.|last3 = Farrell|first4 = R.|last4 = Hargreaves|first5 = C. J.|last5 = Milne|first6 = D.|last6 = Chadha|first7 = M.|last7 = Morton|isbn = 978-1-84432-635-8|publisher = Environment Agency|year = 2004|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123021038/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/290904/scho0207blyh-e-e.pdf |archivedate=23 January 2017 |url-status=dead}} *{{harvnb|Gale|Rutter|Adams|Bloomfield|2006|loc = 3.3.5 Groundwater level fluctuations, p. 26, quote: ''"These artesian groundwater conditions are subject to decline through major groundwater abstraction. A decline of groundwater levels was suggested by Younger et al. (1997) who observed that most of the springs between Beverley and Hull have dried up over the last century, mainly since sustained groundwater abstraction started at Cottingham in the 1930s."''}}</ref> There is water supply infrastructure at Keldgate (reservoir,<ref name="reservoir12"/> potable water treatment<ref name="kwtw"/>{{efn|The water treatment works lies outside the (2006) formal boundary of the parish, within the civil parish of [[Skidby]], the rest of the water infrastructure at Keldgate is within the civil parish of Cottingham}}),<ref name="keld12" group="map">{{coord|53.786747|-0.445504|type:landmark|display= inline|name = Keldgate wate works and reservoirs}}, Keldgate water works, covered reservoirs adjacent east.</ref> and a potable water pumping stations: at Cottingham Pumping Station (68.2 ML/d extraction limit 2004<ref name="hullbore"/>);{{efn|name="mdps"}}<ref group="map" name="ps1">{{coord|53.794048|-0.411775|display = inline| type:landmark|name = Cottingham water pumping station (Mill Dam pumping station)}}, Cottingham water pumping station, also known as Mill Dam pumping station</ref> and at Keldgate Spring (15.9 Ml d−1 extraction limit 2004<ref name="hullbore"/><ref group="map">{{coord|53.783416|-0.4430664|display=inline|type:landmark|name = Keldgate borehole}}, Keldgate borehole, Keldgate springs are about {{convert|110|yd|m}} east</ref>). As of 2004 the extraction from the Cottingham and Keldgate bores, together with extraction at the nearby Springhead Pumping Station and at [[Dunswell]] (45.5 Ml d−1 each<ref name="hullbore">{{harvnb|Gale|Rutter|Adams|Bloomfield|2006|Figure 5.1 "Location of water supply zones and major water sources in the Yorkshire Wolds", p. 50; Table 5.1 "Major abstractions from the Chalk aquifer in Yorkshire.", p. 51}}</ref>) supplies nearly half of Kingston upon Hull's water supply.<ref>{{harvnb|Gale|Rutter|Adams|Bloomfield|2006|loc=5.2.3 "Source protection", p. 55, quote: ''"The four major sources; Springhead, Keldgate, Cottingham and Dunswell are located in the outskirts of the city, to the west and north-west, and provide just under half of the demand for water, the balance coming from the River Hull."''}}</ref>

In 1991, the population of Cottingham was recorded at 16,528.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pevsner |first=Nikolaus |title=Yorkshire : York and the East Riding |date=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven |isbn=0300095937 |page=385 |edition=2}}</ref> This had risen to 17,623 at the time of the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK census]].<ref name="2001 census"/> According to the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 UK census]], the population of the parish dropped to 17,164.<ref name="2011 census">{{NOMIS2011 | id = 1170211296 | title = Cottingham Parish | access-date = 16 February 2018}}</ref> Apart from the two Traveller's sites (Woodhill Way and Eppleworth Road) and a small number of farms, there are no habitation centres in the parish outside the main village.<ref name="osp"/>

The eastern part of the parish is less than {{convert|16|ft|m|0|adj=on}} above sea level, it rises steadily to over {{convert|135|ft|m|0|adj=on}} above sea level on the western edge of the parish, which is at the edge of the [[Yorkshire Wolds]] hills.<ref name="osp"/>

=== Present day=== [[File:Council Offices, Market Green, Cottingham.jpg|thumb|left|Council offices on Market Green (2007)]]

The modern village has two main shopping streets, Hallgate and King Street which cross each other: Hallgate runs east to west from the medieval church to the triangular West Green, near the location of the former [[Baynard Castle, Cottingham|Baynard Castle]]; King Street runs north to south from Northgate to Newgate Street, Market Green (now a car park) is on the southern half of King Street, on the west side, and is the location of the council offices, library and civic hall. A market is held on Market Green on Thursday.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.cottinghammarket.co.uk/ |title = Cottingham market|work = www.cottinghammarket.co.uk|access-date = 3 February 2013|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518120046/http://cottinghammarket.co.uk/ |archive-date = 18 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>[[#remarkcot|'Remarkable' spirit of a community]], quote: '' The modern-day Thursday market, held on Market Green at the heart of the village (established 1985) is a revival (after a gap of more than 100 years) of this relationship between sellers and buyers''</ref> The area including Hallgate and King Street, plus areas around and east of the railway station including Hull Road are part of a [[Conservation area (United Kingdom)|conservation area]] as defined by the [[Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990]].<ref>[[#parishcouncil|Cottingham Parish Council, website]], section [http://www.cottinghamparishcouncil.org.uk/conservation-areas.aspx Cottingham Conservation Areas]. Retrieved 19 June 2012</ref>

Cottingham was used by the [[University of Hull]] as the site of several of its accommodation campuses: The Lawns to the north-west of the village;<ref group="map" name="lawns"/> and Thwaite Hall,<ref group="map" name="thw"/> and Needler's Hall,<ref name="nor" group="map"/> both built on the grounds of late 18th century merchant's houses, and extending the original residences.{{efn|name="seehis"|See entries in history section for details}} There are several other large halls and houses of distinction within and on the periphery of the village, mostly dating from the late 18th and early 19th century, including Southwood Hall (17th century), Newgate House, Eastgate House, Westfield House, The Green Wickets, Springfield House, Beech House, Elmtree House, 'The Bungalow', and Snuff Mill House.{{efn|name="seehis"}} Within the historic village boundary there are some humbler buildings dating from the 18th century and earlier, which are now listed,{{efn|reference=In particular the 18th century buildings: numbers 24, 26, and 28 Beck Bank; 188, King Street; Sarum House, Northgate; White House, Hallgate; and 100 and 102 Thwaite Street are listed buildings, as are the late 17/ early 18th century single storey cottages at 7, 8, and 9 Market Green. See search results for "East Riding of Yorkshire, Cottingham (Unitary Authority=East Riding of Yorkshire)" at list.historicengland.org.uk }} The remainder of Cottingham's housing includes post-railway Victorian terraces, as well as a large amount of [[interwar period]] and post [[Second World War]] housing.{{efn|name="seehis"}}

There are several public houses in Cottingham; including The Blue Bell and The Fair Maid (formerly Westfield House) on West Green, The Duke of Cumberland on Market Green, The Cross Keys Inn on Northgate (currently closed as of March 2023 but seeking a new tenant landlord),<ref>{{cite web |title=Cross Keys, Cottingham |url=https://whatpub.com/pubs/HUL/COT003/cross-keys-cottingham |access-date=30 October 2023 |website=whatpub.com}}</ref> The King William IV (locally known as 'The King Billy') and Hallgate Tavern on Hallgate, and The Tiger on King Street. In 2018 a new micro pub, The Hugh Fitz-Baldric, opened on Hallgate.<ref>{{cite news |last=Winter |first=Phil |date=25 May 2018 |title=First look inside as quirky micro-pub opens its doors |url=https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/business/first-look-inside-micro-pub-1610681 |accessdate=28 February 2022 |website=HullLive }}</ref>

[[File:Cottingham Methodist Church - geograph.org.uk - 678957.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The Methodist chapel, built 1878 (2008)]] Cottingham has churches serving [[Church of England]], [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist]], [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], and [[United Reformed Church]] Christian denominations, as well as having a Community Church.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cottingham-churches.co.uk/| title = Cottingham Churches Website| work = www.cottingham-churches.co.uk| access-date = 3 February 2013| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130721141449/http://cottingham-churches.co.uk/| archive-date = 21 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>[[#parishcouncil|Cottingham Parish Council, website]], section [http://www.cottinghamparishcouncil.org.uk/churches.aspx Churches]</ref> There is a [[Kingdom Hall]] of the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. Cottingham Churches Together organises joint acts of worship and charity events throughout the year.

Cottingham has two cemeteries; one is located on the southern fringe of the village and is used by Hull City Council;<ref name="cem2"/> the other is located on Eppleworth Road,<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www2.eastriding.gov.uk/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=105861| title = Cottingham Cemetery Users' Handbook|year =2011|access-date=2 November 2013}}</ref> and contains the grave of poet [[Philip Larkin]],<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.poetsgraves.co.uk/larkin.htm| title = Philip Larkin| work = www.poetsgraves.co.uk|access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> and a [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] memorial to casualties of the First and Second World Wars.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/45720/COTTINGHAM%20CEMETERY| title = Cottingham Cemetery|publisher = [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]| access-date = 2 November 2013}}</ref>

[[Cottingham Springboard Festival]] takes place over three days each May, with live music in public houses from mainly local and regional acts.<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Cottingham-Springboard-Festival-prepares-welcome/story-21072022-detail/story.html| title = Cottingham Springboard Festival prepares to welcome thousands of music lovers| work = [[Hull Daily Mail]]| date = 8 May 2014| access-date = 1 April 2015| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402225456/http://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/Cottingham-Springboard-Festival-prepares-welcome/story-21072022-detail/story.html| archive-date = 2 April 2015}}</ref>

==Education== There are four primary schools: Bacon Garth; Croxby; Hallgate and Westfield, and one secondary school, [[Cottingham High School]].<ref>[[#parishcouncil|Cottingham Parish Council, website]], section [http://www.cottinghamparishcouncil.org.uk/schools.aspx Schools]</ref>

'''Croxby Primary School''' ({{coord|53.771118|-0.39340|type:edu_region:GB_dim:100|format=dec|display=inline}}) is a [[primary school]] serving Cottingham and the Bricknell Avenue area. Its intake is made up of children from two Education Authorities. The school was seriously affected by the floods which hit the [[East Riding of Yorkshire]] during June 2007. The school itself flooded, which resulted in it being closed 4 weeks early. The pupils were educated in classrooms at the [[University of Hull]] for the remainder of the school year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hull.ac.uk/05/aboutus/news/july07/helpinghand.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929132933/http://www.hull.ac.uk/05/aboutus/news/july07/helpinghand.html |archive-date=29 September 2007|title=University provides a helping hand to local primary schools|publisher= [[University of Hull]] |access-date= 25 October 2013}}</ref> Although the school site re-opened for the start of the September 2007 new school year, the majority of children were educated in mobile classrooms.

==Transport== The village lies just east of the A164 which links Cottingham to [[Beverley]], the [[Humber Bridge]], the [[A1079 road|A1079]] and the [[M62 motorway|M62]] via the [[A63 road|A63]]. The B1233 road runs from Skidby Roundabout on the A164 north-west of Cottingham, through the village to Hull city centre via the A1079 which it meets in the [[Newland, Kingston upon Hull|Newland]] area of Hull. Castle Road also meets the A164 at Castle Hill Roundabout at the south-west end of the village.

Cottingham is also served by [[Cottingham railway station]] just east of the village centre on the [[Yorkshire Coast Line]] to [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire|Scarborough]]. Services include trains to [[Hull Paragon Interchange]], [[York railway station|York]], [[Sheffield station|Sheffield]], [[Doncaster railway station|Doncaster]], [[Bridlington railway station|Bridlington]] and [[Scarborough railway station|Scarborough]] provided by [[Arriva Rail North]]. There is also a direct train to [[London King's Cross railway station|London Kings Cross]] provided by [[Hull Trains]].

There are regular bus services to Hull, [[Hessle]], Beverley and [[Hornsea]] with an occasional direct bus to [[York]] which are provided by [[East Yorkshire (bus company)|East Yorkshire]].<ref>[[#parishcouncil|Cottingham Parish Council, website]], section and Stagecoach Hull. [http://www.cottinghamparishcouncil.org.uk/transport-buses--trains.aspx Transport]</ref>

==Sport and outdoor activities== Cottingham was the birthplace of the 1940s and 1950s female boxing champion [[Barbara Buttrick]], the first female boxer to have her fight broadcast on national television.<ref name="University of Sheffield National Fairground Archive">{{cite web |url= https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/nfa/collections/barbarabuttrick |title= National Fairground Archive: Barbara Buttrick Collection |author=  |publisher= [[University of Sheffield]] | access-date= 28 September 2016 }}</ref>

The village has a [[Scouting|Scout]] group consisting of two Beavers groups, two Cubs packs, one Scout troop and one Explorer unit. There are also three Guide Units (one based in nearby Skidby), two Rainbow Units, three Brownie Packs and one Ranger (Senior Section) Unit based in the village. Further groups belong to the Cottingham Guiding District in Skidby (Rainbows), and Little Weighton (Brownies).

To the north of the village is [[King George's Fields|King George V playing fields]].

[[Hull City A.F.C.]]'s training ground is located on Millhouse Woods Lane on facilities previously owned by Northern Foods. The local football club, Cottingham Rangers AFC, was established in 1972 and consists of seventeen teams playing in the Hull & District Youth Football League and the East Riding Girls Football League.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.cottinghamrangers.co.uk/ |title=Cottingham Rangers Association Football Club |publisher=www.cottinghamrangers.co.uk |access-date= 24 April 2009 }} </ref> The club is affiliated to the East Riding County Football Association and is an FA Charter Standard Club.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/az/face_content_frame_proc?p_ref=APP17&p_media=INTERNET&p_spec=SPEC746 |title=Cottingham Rangers A.F.C |publisher=East Riding of Yorkshire Council |archive-date = 1 August 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090801005251/http://www.eastriding.gov.uk/az/face_content_frame_proc?p_ref=APP17&p_media=INTERNET&p_spec=SPEC746 |access-date=6 June 2013 }}</ref>

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources=== {{Refbegin}} *{{cite book| title = Hull Gent. Seeks Country Residence, 1750–1850 | series = East Yorkshire Local History Series| number =36|isbn= 978-0900349362| first = K. J.|last= Allison|publisher = East Yorkshire Local History Society| year=1981}}, account of extra-urban development of large houses for wealthy merchants of Hull *{{cite book| url = http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/3700/1/RR06004.pdf| title = The Chalk aquifer of Yorkshire. Research Report RR/06/04|first1= I. N.|last1= Gale|first2 = H. K. |last2=Rutter|first3= B.|last3= Adams| first4 = J. P.|last4= Bloomfield| first5= L.|last5= Coleby| first6= S.|last6= Fenwick| first7= P. L.|last7= Smedley| first8= M. G.|last8= Sumbler|year = 2006| publisher = [[British Geological Survey]], [[Natural Environment Research Council]] (NERC)|isbn = 0-85272-480-2}} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=LYYKAQAAMAAJ| title = The history and antiquities of the town and minster of Beverley, in the county of York, from the most early period: with historical and descriptive sketches of the abbeys of Watton and Meaux, the convent of Haltemprise, the villages of Cottingham, Leckonfield, Bishop and Cherry Burton, Walkington, Risby, Scorburgh, and the hamlets comprised within the liberties of Beverley |first= George|last= Oliver|author-link=George Oliver (freemason)|publisher = M. Turner| year = 1829| chapter = Part IV. Historical Account of the adjacent Villages: 1. Cottingham| pages = 458–471| chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LYYKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA458 }} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WbwHAAAAQAAJ| title = The history of Cottingham | first = Charles |last =Overton | author-link = Charles Overton| publisher = J. W. Leng| year= 2023 |orig-date=1861| isbn = 978-1-02-234436-5 |ref={{harvid|Overton|1861}}}} *{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bcp5soQZ0OwC| title = Yorkshire: York And the East Riding, Second Edition| first1= Nikolaus|last1= Pevsner| first2= David|last2= Neave| publisher = Yale University Press| year= 1995| isbn = 0-300-09593-7| chapter = Cottingham| chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=bcp5soQZ0OwC&pg=PA385| pages = 385–392|series = Pevsner Architectural Guides}} *{{cite book| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=3cEHAAAAQAAJ| title = History and topography of the city of York; the Ainsty wapentake; and the East riding of Yorkshire| first1 = J. J.|last1= Sheahan |first2= T.|last2= Whellan |year = 1856| volume=2| chapter = Cottingham | pages = 535–541| chapter-url =https://books.google.com/books?id=3cEHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA535}} *{{cite web| url = http://www.cottinghamparishcouncil.org.uk/| publisher = Cottingham Parish Council| title = Cottingham Parish Council|access-date=3 February 2013|ref=parishcouncil}} *{{cite book|title=Gazetteer — A–Z of Towns Villages and Hamlets|year=2006|publisher=East Riding of Yorkshire Council|page=4}} *{{cite news|url=http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/goolelocal/news/8216-Remarkable-8217-spirit-community/article-1092891-detail/article.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505080856/http://www.thisishullandeastriding.co.uk/goolelocal/news/8216-Remarkable-8217-spirit-community/article-1092891-detail/article.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 May 2013|title=Remarkable spirit of a community|date=13 July 2009|work=This is Hull and East Riding|publisher=Northcliffe Media|access-date=14 June 2012|ref=remarkcot}}

===Map locations=== {{GeoGroup}} {{clear}} {{reflist|group="map"}}

== External links == {{Commons category|Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire|Cottingham}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090731220128/http://www.cottingham-stmary.org.uk/ Website of the parish of St Mary the Virgin Cottingham] * {{Genuki|county=ERY|Cottingham}} * [http://ellisdesign.jalbum.net/Stationary%20Engines%20-%202/Pumping%20Stations/Cottingham/index.html Images of 1930s pumping engines at Cottingham pumping station] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170101204829/http://www.croxbyprimary.co.uk/home Croxby Primary]

[[Category:Cottingham, East Riding of Yorkshire| ]] [[Category:Villages in the East Riding of Yorkshire]] [[Category:Civil parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire]]