Cosmophasis

{{Short description|Genus of spiders}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Cosmophasis baehrae 8396.jpg | image_caption = ''Cosmophasis baehrae'' | taxon = Cosmophasis | authority = Simon, 1901 | type_species = ''Plexippus thalassinus''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simon |first=Eugène |url=http://archive.org/details/histoirenaturell02simo |title=Histoire naturelle des araignées. |date=1892 |publisher=Paris : Roret |others=Smithsonian Libraries|pages=553–554|oclc =1046005797|doi = 10.5962/bhl.title.51973|lccn = agr08000137 }}</ref> | type_species_authority = C. L. Koch | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text.}}

'''''Cosmophasis''''' is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). They are predominantly Southeast Asian,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Donovan |first1=B. |last2=Hill |first2=D. E. |date=30 April 2017 |title=Report of Cosmophasis feeding on butterfly eggs in Queensland (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini) |url=http://archive.org/details/peckhamia-149.1-001-003 |journal=Peckhamia |language=English |volume=149 |issue=1 |issn=2161-8526 |eissn=1944-8120}}</ref> while some species occur in Africa and Australia. Although most species more or less mimic ants, there are also colorful species<ref>Jerzy Proszynski: [http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/cosmopha/cosmopha.htm ''Cosmophasis'']</ref> that follow a different strategy.

''C. bitaeniata'' uses chemical mimicry to be accepted by the aggressive weaver ant species ''Oecophylla smaragdina''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Nelson|first1=Ximena .J|last2=Jackson|first2=Robert R.|last3=Edwards|first3=G.B.|last4=Barrion|first4=Alberto T.|date=2006|title=Living with the enemy: jumping spiders that mimic weaver ants.|url=http://americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v33_n3/arac-033-03-0813.pdf|journal=The Journal of Arachnology|volume=33|issue=3 |pages=813–819|doi=10.1636/S04-12.1 |s2cid=52000089 }}</ref>

One species, said to be not a particularly good ant mimic, was observed living near and preying on ants. According to (Murphy & Murphy, 2000), "to watch the spider stalking and killing its prey is an arachnological spectacular".<ref name=murphy304>{{Cite book|last1=Murphy|first1=John|url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20013100029|title=An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia|last2=Murphy|first2=Frances|date=1 January 2000|publisher=Malaysian Nature Society|location=Kuala Lumpur|isbn= 978-9839681178}}</ref> ==Description== Species in this genus are from 3.80 to 8.00 mm long. The cephalothoraxes are pear-shaped(for some males) or rectangular.<ref name = Zabka&Waldock>{{Cite journal|last1=Żabka|first1=Marek|last2=Waldock|first2=Julianne|year=2012|title=Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from oriental, Australian and Pacific Regions. Genus ''Cosmophasis'' Simon, 1901 | url = http://arachne.org.au/_dbase_upl/CosmophasisZabkaWaldock.pdf |journal=Annales Zoologici| volume=62| issue=1| pages=115–198|doi = 10.3161/000345412X633694|s2cid= 84374906|issn= 0003-4541|eissn= 1734-1833}}</ref>

==Taxonomy== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | footer =''Cosmophasis'' sp. from the Philippines. | footer_align =left | width =250

| image1 =Cosmophasis_sp._-_Philippines.jpg | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 =

| image2 =Cosmophasis sp.JPG | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = }} {{As of|2021|November}}, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:<ref name=WSC_sl2599>{{citation |mode=cs1 |title=Gen. ''Cosmophasis'' Simon, 1901 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/specieslist/2599 |access-date=2021-11-20 }}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Cosmophasis albipes'' Berland & Millot, 1941 – Guinea * ''Cosmophasis albomaculata'' Schenkel, 1944 – Timor * ''Cosmophasis ambonensis'' Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Ambon Island * ''Cosmophasis arborea'' Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – Caroline Islands * ''Cosmophasis baehrae'' Zabka & Waldock, 2012 - Australia * ''Cosmophasis bandaneira'' Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands * ''Cosmophasis banika'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 - Solomon Islands * ''Cosmophasis bitaeniata'' (Keyserling, 1882) – New Guinea, Australia, Micronesia * ''Cosmophasis chlorophthalma'' (Simon, 1898) – New Hebrides * ''Cosmophasis chopardi'' Berland & Millot, 1941 – Ivory Coast * ''Cosmophasis colemani'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Queensland) * ''Cosmophasis courti'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis cypria'' (Thorell, 1890) – Java * ''Cosmophasis darwini'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Australia (Northern Territory) * ''Cosmophasis depilata'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia * ''Cosmophasis estrellaensis'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines * ''Cosmophasis fazanica'' Caporiacco, 1936 – Libya * ''Cosmophasis gemmans'' (Thorell, 1890) – Sumatra * ''Cosmophasis harveyi'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis hortoni'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Is. * ''Cosmophasis humphreysi'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis kairiru'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis kohi'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis lami'' Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1997 – East Asia, South East Asia, Pacific islands * ''Cosmophasis laticlavia'' (Thorell, 1892) – Sumatra * ''Cosmophasis lucidiventris'' Simon, 1910 – Gabon * ''Cosmophasis lungga'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Solomon Islands * ''Cosmophasis maculiventris'' Strand, 1911 – Aru Islands * ''Cosmophasis masarangi'' Merian, 1911 – Sulawesi * ''Cosmophasis micans'' (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland * ''Cosmophasis micarioides'' (L. Koch, 1880) – New Guinea, Queensland, Solomon Islands * ''Cosmophasis miniaceomicans'' (Simon, 1888) – Andaman Islands * ''Cosmophasis modesta'' (L. Koch, 1880) – Queensland * ''Cosmophasis monacha'' (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis motmot'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis obscura'' (Keyserling, 1882) – Queensland * ''Cosmophasis olorina'' (Simon, 1901) – Sri Lanka * ''Cosmophasis ombria'' (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Krakatau) * ''Cosmophasis orsimoides'' Strand, 1911 – Kei Islands * ''Cosmophasis panjangensis'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau) * ''Cosmophasis parangpilota'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines * ''Cosmophasis psittacina'' (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar * ''Cosmophasis pulchella'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Ethiopia * ''Cosmophasis quadricincta'' (Simon, 1885) – Singapore * ''Cosmophasis rakata'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau) * ''Cosmophasis risbeci'' Berland, 1938 – New Hebrides * ''Cosmophasis sertungensis'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – Indonesia (Krakatau) * ''Cosmophasis squamata'' Kulczyński, 1910 – Solomon Islands, Seychelles * ''Cosmophasis strandi'' Caporiacco, 1947 – East Africa * ''Cosmophasis tavurvur'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis thalassina'' (C. L. Koch, 1846) – Malaysia to Australia * ''Cosmophasis tricincta'' Simon, 1910 – Bioko * ''Cosmophasis trioipina'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines * ''Cosmophasis tristriatus'' (L. Koch, 1880) – Palau Is. * ''Cosmophasis trobriand'' Żabka & Waldock, 2012 – New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis umbratica'' Simon, 1903 – India to Sumatra * ''Cosmophasis valerieae'' Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2010 – Indonesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is.) * ''Cosmophasis viridifasciata'' (Doleschall, 1859) – Sumatra to New Guinea * ''Cosmophasis waeri'' Hurni-Cranston & Hill, 2020 - Banda Islands * ''Cosmophasis weyersi'' (Simon, 1899) – Sumatra *''Cosmophasis xiaolonghaensis'' Cao & Li, 2016 {{Div col end}} In 2012, Marek Żabka and Julianne Waldock proposed 5 new species groups, it being the C.thalassina species group, C. bitaeniata species group, C. micarioides species group, C. tristriatus species group, and the C. rakata species group.<ref name = Zabka&Waldock/> Formerly placed in this genus include:<ref name=WSC_sl2599/> * ''Cosmophasis australis'' Simon, 1902 → ''Phintella australis'' * ''Cosmophasis caerulea'' Simon, 1901 → ''Mexcala caerulea'' * ''Cosmophasis fagei'' Lessert, 1925 → ''Icius fagei'' * ''Cosmophasis nigrocyanea'' (Simon, 1885) → ''Mexcala nigrocyanea'' * ''Cosmophasis quadrimaculata'' Lawrence, 1942 → ''Mexcala quadrimaculata'' * ''Cosmophasis longiventris'' Simon, 1903 → Chrysilla lauta

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== * {{aut|Allan, R.A. & Elgar, M.A.}} (2001): Exploitation of the green tree ant, ''Oecophylla smaragdina'', by the salticid spider ''Cosmophasis bitaeniata''. ''Australian Journal of Zoology'' '''49''': 129–137. * {{aut|Allan, R.A., Capon, R.J., Brown, W.V. & Elgar, M.A.}} (2002): Mimicry of host cuticular hydrocarbons by salticid spider ''Cosmophasis bitaeniata'' that preys on larvae of tree ants ''Oecophylla smaragdina''. ''Journal of Chemical Ecology'' '''28''': 835–848. {{doi|10.1023/A:1015249012493}} * {{aut|Elgar, M.A. & Allan, R.A.}} (2006): Chemical mimicry of the ant ''Oecophylla smaragdina'' by the myrmecophilous spider ''Cosmophasis bitaeniata'': Is it colony-specific? ''Journal of Ethology'' '''24'''(3): 239-246. {{doi|10.1007/s10164-005-0188-9}}

==External links== * [http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/cosmopha/cosm-ph.htm Photograph of ''Cosmophasis'' sp.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928014825/http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/cosmopha/cosm-ph.htm |date=2006-09-28 }} * [http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/cosmopha/micar-ph.htm Photograph of ''C. micarioides''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928015058/http://salticidae.org/salticid/diagnost/cosmopha/micar-ph.htm |date=2006-09-28 }} * [http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/arachnology/index.php Photograph of ''C. rubra''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227115932/http://www.washington.edu/burkemuseum/collections/arachnology/index.php |date=2009-02-27 }}

Category:Salticidae genera Category:Spiders of Africa Category:Spiders of Asia Category:Spiders of Australia Category:Salticidae Category:Taxa named by Eugène Simon