Coryphodontidae

{{short description|Extinct family of mammals}} {{Automatic Taxobox |fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Late Paleocene|Middle Eocene}} |image = Cambridge Natural History Mammalia Fig 115.jpg |image_caption = ''Coryphodon'' skeleton |parent_authority = {{Harvnb|Simons|1960}} |taxon = Coryphodontidae |authority = {{Harvnb|Marsh|1876}} |display_parents = 2 |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision_ref = <ref>{{Paleodb|40573|Coryphodontidae}}. Retrieved July 2013.</ref> |subdivision = * †''Asiocoryphodon''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Xu|1976}}</small> * †''Coryphodon'' (type)<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Owen|1845}}</small> * †''Eudinoceras''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Osborn|1924}}</small> * †''Heterocoryphodon''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Lucas|Tong|1988}}</small> * †''Hypercoryphodon''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Osborn|Granger|1932}}</small> * †''Metacoryphodon''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Chow|Qi|1982}}</small> * †''Procoryphodon''<br /><small>{{Harvnb|Flerow|1957}}</small> |synonyms = * Bathmodontidae }} '''Coryphodontidae''' is an extinct family of pantodont mammals known from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene of Eurasia and North America.<ref name="IVPP-CAS">{{Cite web | title = New Material of Mammal Coryphodontid Found From the Erlian Basin Of Nei Mongol | publisher = Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | url = http://english.ivpp.cas.cn/rh/rp/201208/t20120809_89727.html | date = August 2012 | access-date = 20 July 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Gobiatherium major.jpg|thumb|left|The Late Eocene dinoceratan ''Gobiatherium major'', and the pantodont ''Hypercoryphodon'', of what is now Mongolia.]] The type genus ''Coryphodon'' is known from around the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Europe, western United States, northern Canada, and eastern Asia. The remaining genera are known exclusively from the middle Eocene of Asia.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lucas|Tong|1988|loc=Introduction}}</ref>

The coryphodontids are related to the pantolambdids. ''Coryphodon'' are large, derived pantodonts first described in the mid-19th century, but no intermediate stages leading to their unusual upper molars are known.<ref name="Rose-118">{{Harvnb|Rose|2006|p=118}}</ref> The last known species of ''Coryphodon'' have bilophodont molars similar to later, more derived coryphodontids, and, most likely, ''Coryphodon'' is the primitive sister taxon to the remaining genera and the entire lineage (or lineages) originated from within this genus.<ref>{{Harvnb|Uhen|Gingerich|1995|p=265}}</ref> Two coryphodontids considerably larger than ''Coryphodon'' but endemic to China, ''Asiocoryphodon'' and ''Heterocoryphodon'', have more advanced bilophodont dentition.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lucas|2001|p=213}}</ref> ''Metacoryphodon'' is morphologically transitional between ''Coryphodon'' and ''Eudinoceras''.<ref>{{Harvnb|Chow|Qi|1982|p=312}}</ref>

==Paleobiology== Corypohodontids were slow-growing and long-living animals, and studies of a large sample of individuals from a single locality, assumed to be from the same population, suggest that coryphodontids had a polygynous social structure in which males and females reached sexual maturity at different ages.<ref name="IVPP-CAS" /><ref>{{Harvnb|Mao|Wang|2012|p=276}}</ref> Histological study of molar enamel samples of ''Heterocoryphodon flerowi'' and ''Eudinoceras mongoliensis'' show that their life histories were comparable to those of ''Hippopotamus amphibius'' and ''Ceratotherium simum'', respectively.<ref name=Mao2014>{{cite journal|author=Mao Fangyuan, Wang Yuan-Qing, Meng Jin, Jin Xun|date=April 2014|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271044869|title=Tooth crown formation time in three Asian coryphodontids, and its implications for identifying living analogues|journal=Vertebrata PalAsiatica|volume=52|issue=2|page=153-170|lang=en}}</ref> ''Asiocoryphodon conicus'' lived shorter and grew faster than hippopotamus.<ref name=Mao2014/>

==Notes== {{Commons category|Coryphodontidae}} {{Reflist|30em}}

==References== {{Refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal | last1 = Chow | first1 = Minchen | last2 = Qi | first2 = Tao | title = Mammals from the Middle Eocene Kuanchuang Formation of Xintai, Shandong | language = Chinese, English | year = 1982 | journal = Vertebrata PalAsiatica | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 302–14 | url = http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200903/W020090813374643228302.pdf | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Chow|Qi|1982}} --> * {{Cite journal | last = Cope | first = E. D. | authorlink = Edward Drinker Cope | title = On the short footed Ungulata of the Eocene of Wyoming | year = 1873 | journal = Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society | volume = 13 | pages = 38–74 | url = https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofame13amer#page/38/mode/2up | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Cope|1873}} --> * {{Cite journal | last = Flerow | first = Constantin C. | title = A new coryphodont from Mongolia, and on evolution and distribution of Pantodonta | year = 1957 | journal = Vertebrata PalAsiatica | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 73–81 | url = http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200903/W020090813374643228302.pdf | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Flerow|1957}} --> * {{Cite book | last = Lucas | first = Spencer G. | authorlink = Spencer G. Lucas | title = Chinese Fossil Vertebrates | year = 2001 | publisher = Columbia University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=AzHUXy7HGo4C&pg=PA213 | access-date = 20 July 2013 | isbn = 9780231504614 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Lucas|2001}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Lucas | first1 = Spencer G. | last2 = Tong | first2 = Yongsheng | title = A New Coryphodontid (Mammalia, Pantodonta) from the Eocene of China | year = 1988 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 362–72 | jstor = 4523161 | doi=10.1080/02724634.1988.10011670}}<!-- {{Harvnb|Lucas|Tong|1988}} --> * {{Cite journal | last = Marsh | first = O. C. | authorlink = Othniel Charles Marsh | title = On some characters of the genus ''Coryphodon'' uhen | year = 1876 | journal = American Journal of Science | volume = 3 | pages = 425–28 | url = https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002152897#page/n445/mode/2up | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Marsh|1876}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Osborn | first = H. F. | author1-link = Henry Fairfield Osborn | last2 = Granger | first2 = Walter | title = Coryphodonts and Uintatheres from the Mongolian Expedition of 1930 | year = 1932 | journal = American Museum Novitates | issue = 552 | url = http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/handle/2246/3000/N0552.pdf?sequence=1 | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Osborn|Granger|1932}} --> * {{Cite journal | last = Osborn | first = H. F. | title = ''Eudinoceras'', Upper Eocene amblypod of Mongolia | year = 1924 | journal = American Museum Novitates | issue = 145 | hdl = 2246/3225 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Osborn|1924}} --> * {{Cite book | last = Owen | first = R. | authorlink = Richard Owen | title = Odontography; a treatise on the comparative anatomy of the teeth | year = 1845 | publisher = Hippolyte Bailliere | location = London | url = https://archive.org/stream/odontographyortr01owen#page/608/mode/2up | access-date = 20 July 2013 | oclc = 727240564 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Owen|1845}} --> * {{Cite book |last=Rose |first=Kenneth David |title=The beginning of the age of mammals |year=2006 |publisher=JHU Press |location=Baltimore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3bs0D5ix4VAC |isbn=0801884721}} * {{Cite journal | last = Simons | first = Elwyn L. | title = The Paleocene Pantodonta | location = Philadelphia | publisher = American Philosophical Society | year = 1960 | journal = Transactions of the American Philosophical Society | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 3–99 | doi = 10.2307/1005810 | oclc = 1891164 | jstor = 1005810 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Simons|1960}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Uhen | first1 = Mark D. | last2 = Gingerich | first2 = Philip D. | author2-link = Philip D. Gingerich | title = Evolution of ''Coryphodon'' (Mammalia, Pantodonta) in the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene of Northwestern Wyoming | year = 1995 | journal = Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan | volume = 29 | issue = 10 | pages = 259–89 | url = http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/48649/ID516.pdf | access-date = 20 July 2013 | oclc = 742731820 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Uhen|Gingerich|1995}} --> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Mao | first1 = Fang-Yuan | last2 = Wang | first2 = Yuan-Qing | title = Coryphodontids (Mammalia: Pantodonta) from the Erlian Basin of Nei Mongol, China, and their biostratigraphic implications | language = Chinese, English | year = 2012 | journal = Vertebrata PalAsiatica | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 258–80 | url = http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/201208/P020120803321948372409.pdf | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Mao|Wang|2012}} --> * {{Cite journal | last = Xu | first = Y. | year = 1976 | title = Some new forms of Coryphodontidae from the early Eocene of Xichuan, Honan | language = Chinese | journal = Vertebrata PalAsiatica | volume = 14 | pages = 185–93 | url = http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200905/W020090813376943676915.pdf | access-date = 20 July 2013 }}<!-- {{Harvnb|Xu|1976}} --> {{Refend}}

{{Pantodonta}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q15728803}}

Category:Pantodonta Category:Paleocene first appearances Category:Eocene extinctions Category:Prehistoric mammal families