{{Short description|British entertainer (1844–1895)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}} {{Use British English|date=August 2016}} {{Infobox person | name = Richard Corney Grain | image = Corney-grain-obit.jpg | alt = | caption = Richard Corney Grain, 1880s | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1844|10|26|df=yes}} | birth_place = Teversham | death_date = {{Death date and age|1895|03|16|1844|10|26|df=yes}} | death_place = London | nationality = | other_names = | occupation = entertainer, songwriter | known_for = }} '''Richard Corney Grain''' (26 October 1844 – 16 March 1895), known by his stage name '''Corney Grain''', was an entertainer and songwriter of the late Victorian era.
==Biography== [[Image:Corney Grain and Alfred Reed.png|thumb|160px|left|Corney Grain (left) and Alfred German Reed (right) portrayed in ''Entr'acte'' in 1895, the year they both died]] Born at Teversham in Cambridgeshire, Grain was the youngest son of John Grain, a farmer, and his wife, Mary Anne. His sister, Harriet Ann, was the mother of the barrister and judge Sir Travers Humphreys. Grain received what he referred to as "an average middle-class education". In 1858, at the age of 14, he attended school in Germany.<ref name=grain>Corney Grain, Richard. ''Corney Grain, by Himself'', John Murray, London. (1888)</ref> Returning to Britain with an interest in the Law, he enrolled as a student of the Inner Temple on 27 April 1863, and was called to the Bar on 30 April 1866.<ref>Foster, J. ''Men-at-the-bar: a biographical hand-list of the members of the various inns of court'', 2nd edn (1885)</ref> For a while he practised law on the Western Circuit. However, he had theatrical leanings, and sang and acted in private.
===Career=== Deciding to give up a legal career and try his hand on the stage,<ref>Brown, James D. ''British Musical Biography'', Read Books (2007), p. 170 {{ISBN|1-4067-5614-8}}</ref> on 16 May 1870 Grain joined what was known as the German Reed Entertainments, at the Gallery of Illustration, appearing in a sketch of his own called ''The School-Feast''.<ref name=watson>Watson, M. "Alfred German Reed and Corney Grain", ''The Theatre'', 4th series, No. 25 (1895), 221–23</ref> At the same time, Grain entertained privately, performing his comic musical sketches at the piano for fashionable parties and other venues.<ref name=watson/>
Grain remained with the German Reeds until the end of his life and, after the death of another German Reed stalwart, John Orlando Parry, Grain became the company's principal comedian and sketch artist. He moved with the company to St George's Hall, toured with it in the provinces, and in 1877, after the retirement of Priscilla German Reed, became the partner of the German Reeds' son, Alfred German Reed (1847–1895), who shared the management of the company with his mother from 1871.<ref>{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Reed, Thomas German|first=John Joseph |last=Knight}}</ref> Over twenty-five years, Grain wrote between fifty and sixty entertainments for the company, consisting of social sketches and songs with piano accompaniment. His songs included "The Masher King of Piccadilly" and "The Four-Horse Sharrybang". His private performances of comic sketches also remained fashionable throughout his career. His last sketch was ''Music à la mode''.<ref name=watson/>
[[Image:corney-grain.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Richard Corney Grain as depicted by 'Spy' in ''Vanity Fair'' in 1885]] Grain was a large man with exceptionally large and expressive hands. On occasion he took part in comediettas or other dramatic performances, but he claimed that he did not enjoy acting and was not very good at it.<ref name=grain/> W. S. Gilbert disagreed, asking him to perform in several of his pieces at the Gallery of Illustration between 1869 and 1875, including his absurdist comedy with the German Reeds, ''Happy Arcadia'', as "the handsomest man in the world", because of Grain's comical appearance. Similarly in Gilbert's ''A Sensation Novel'', he played the "spirit of romance".<ref>Walters, p. 16</ref> He also played in Gilbert's ''Our Island Home'', ''Ages Ago'' and ''Eyes and No Eyes'' (amusingly, as Pierrot). Grain was a great friend and rival of Gilbert and Sullivan performer and fellow sketch-artist, George Grossmith.
His autobiography, ''Corney Grain, by Himself'', first appeared in ''Murray's Magazine'' and was later issued as a book in 1888. He died of "epidemic influenza" on 16 March 1895, at his home in Marylebone, London. His death, six days after that of Alfred German Reed, ended the German Reed Entertainments, which had been popular for forty years.<ref name=Lloyd>[http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk/StGeorgesHallLanghamPlaceLondon.htm "St George's Hall, Langham Place, Regent Street, London"], at the ArthurLloyd theatres website</ref>
== Notes == {{reflist}}
== References == *{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmu00ganz_1/page/800/mode/2up?q=%22Grain%2C+%5BRichard%5D+Corney%22|title=The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre, Second Edition|volume=II|first=Kurt|last= Gänzl|author-link=Kurt Gänzl|chapter=Grain, [Richard] Corney|publisher=Schirmer Books|year=2001|pages=800–801}} * {{cite book|editor-last=Williamson|editor-first=David|year=1895|title=The German Reeds and Corney Grain; records and reminiscences|location=London|publisher=A.D. Innes}} * Walters, Michael "A Brief Overview of the Life of Rutland Barrington" in ''The Gilbert & Sullivan News'', vol. II, no. 13, pp. 16–21 (Autumn/Winter 1998; The Gilbert and Sullivan Society).
== External links == * [http://www.npg.org.uk/live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp01857 Portraits of Corney Grain] at the National Portrait Gallery * [https://archive.org/stream/corneygrain00grairich/corneygrain00grairich_djvu.txt Full text of ''Corney Grain, by Himself''] * [http://www.gabrielleray.150m.com/ArchivePressText2003/20030823.html Corney Grain - a series of press cuttings from the 1880s]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Grain, Richard Corney}} Category:1844 births Category:1895 deaths Category:English entertainers Category:English male stage actors Category:19th-century British male singers Category:English humorists Category:19th-century English male actors Category:19th-century English composers