Phaanthosaurus

{{Short description|Extinct genus of reptiles}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = Early Triassic, {{fossil_range|Induan}} | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Phaanthosaurus | authority = Chudinov & Vjushkov, 1956 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = *†'''''P. ignatjevi''''' Chudinov & Vjushkov, 1956 (type) *†'''''P. simus''''' (Ivakhnenko, 1974) | synonyms = *''Contritosaurus simus'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 *''C. convector'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 *''Phaantosaurus'' Butler ''et al''., 2023 (sic)<ref name=Butler2023>{{Cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=R. J. |last2=Meade |first2=L. E. |last3=Cleary |first3=T. J. |last4=McWhirter |first4=K. T. |last5=Brown |first5=E. E. |last6=Kemp |first6=T. S. |last7=Benito |first7=J. |last8=Fraser |first8=N. C. |year=2023 |title=''Hwiccewyrm trispiculum'' gen. et sp. nov., a new leptopleuronine procolophonid from the Late Triassic of southwest England |journal=The Anatomical Record |doi=10.1002/ar.25316 |pmid=37735997 |doi-access=free}}</ref> }}

'''''Phaanthosaurus''''' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic (Induan stage) deposits of Nizhnii Novgorod, Russian Federation. It is known from the holotype PIN 1025/1, a mandible (a dentary). It was collected from Vetluga River, Spasskoe village and referred to the Vokhmian terrestrial horizon of the Vokhma Formation. It was first named by P. K. Chudinov and B. P. Vjushkov in 1956 and the type species is ''Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi''.<ref name=Kotilosavrakh>{{cite journal |author1=P. K. Chudinov |author2=B. P. Vjushkov |year=1956 |title=New Data on Small Cotylosaurs from the Permian and Triassic of the USSR |journal=Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR |volume=108 |issue=3 |pages=547–550 [In Russian] }}</ref><ref name=Ivakhnenko>{{cite journal |author=Ivakhnenko, M. F. |year=1974 |title=New data on Early Triassic procolophonids of the USSR |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=8 |pages=346–351 }}</ref>

In 2000, Spencer and Benton found ''Contritosaurus'' to be junior synonym of ''Phaanthosaurus''. ''C. simus'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 which is known from the holotype PIN 3355/1, a partial skull with right mandible from the same location, and from three paratypes, was recombined as ''P. simus''. They also found that the second species of ''Contritosaurus'', ''C. convector'' (PIN 3357/1, a mandible) is a junior synonym of ''P. simus''.<ref name=Psimus>{{cite book |author1=P. S. Spencer |author2=M. J. Benton |name-list-style=amp |year=2000 |chapter=Procolophonids from the Permo-Triassic of Russia |editor1=M. J. Benton |editor2=M. A. Shishkin |editor3=D. M. Unwin |editor4=E. N. Kurochkin |title=The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia |url=https://archive.org/details/agedinosaursruss00bent |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |pages=[https://archive.org/details/agedinosaursruss00bent/page/n197 160]–176|isbn=978-0-521-55476-3 }}</ref> Recent cladistic analyses by Juan Carlos Cisneros, 2008 and Mark J. Macdougall and Sean P. Modesto, 2011 accepted this synonymy.<ref name=Phylo08>{{cite journal |author=Juan Carlos Cisneros |year=2008 |title=Phylogenetic relationships of procolophonid parareptiles with remarks on their geological record |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=2052096 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=345–366 |doi=10.1017/S1477201907002350 |bibcode=2008JSPal...6..345C |s2cid=84468714 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Phylo11MM>{{cite journal |author1=Mark J. Macdougall |author2=Sean P. Modesto |year=2011 |title=New information on the skull of the Early Triassic parareptile ''Sauropareion anoplus'', with a discussion of tooth attachment and replacement in procolophonids |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=270–278 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2011.549436 |bibcode=2011JVPal..31..270M |s2cid=84934974 }}</ref>

Its bone microanatomy suggests a terrestrial lifestyle,<ref name="Laurin et al. 2004">{{cite journal |last1=Laurin |first1=Michel |last2=Girondot |first2=Marc |last3=Loth |first3=Marie-Madeleine |title=The evolution of long bone microstructure and lifestyle in lissamphibians |journal=Paleobiology |date=December 2004 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=589–613 |doi=10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 |url=https://doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2004)030<0589:TEOLBM>2.0.CO;2 |language=en |issn=0094-8373|url-access=subscription }}</ref> as for most early amniotes.<ref name="Carroll 1988">{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=Robert Lynn |title=Vertebrate paleontology and evolution |date=1988 |publisher=Freeman |location=New York, N.Y |isbn=9780716718222}}</ref>

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Procolophonidae Category:Early Triassic reptiles of Asia Category:Fossil taxa described in 1956 Category:Prehistoric reptile genera