{{short description|American poet}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2021}} {{Infobox writer <!-- For more information see :Template:Infobox Writer/doc. --> | name = Constance Fenimore Woolson | image = Constance_Fenimore_Woolson-older.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Photograph of Woolson, c. 1887 | pseudonym = Anne March (used for ''The Old Stone House'') | birth_date = {{Birth date |1840|03|05}} | birth_place = Claremont, New Hampshire, US | death_date = {{Death date and age|1894|01|24|1840|03|05}} | death_place = Venice, Italy | resting_place = Protestant Cemetery, Rome | genre = Novel, short story, poetry, travel narrative | movement = | notableworks = | relatives = James Fenimore Cooper (great uncle) | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = Signature of Constance Fenimore Woolson (1840–1894).png | signature_alt = | website = | portaldisp = }}
'''Constance Fenimore Woolson''' (March 5, 1840 – January 24, 1894) was an American novelist, poet, and short story writer. She was a grandniece of James Fenimore Cooper, and is best known for fictions about the Great Lakes region, the American South, and American expatriates in Europe.
In 1893, Woolson rented an elegant apartment in the Palazzo Orio Semitecolo Benzon on the Grand Canal of Venice. Suffering from influenza and depression, she either jumped or fell to her death from a fourth story window in the apartment in January 1894, surviving for about an hour after the fall. <ref>''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Homeward Bound'', by Sharon L. Dean, Ardent Media, 1995, p. 38</ref>
==Life and writings==
===In America: the story-writer=== Woolson was born in Claremont, New Hampshire, but her family soon moved to Cleveland, Ohio, after the deaths of three of her sisters from scarlet fever.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Rayburn S.|title=Constance Fenimore Woolson|year=1932|publisher=Ardent Media|page=18|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gA9eg8voh4wC&pg=PA18 }}</ref> Woolson was educated at the Cleveland Female Seminary and a boarding school in New York. She traveled extensively through the midwest and northeastern regions of the U.S. during her childhood and young adulthood.
Woolson's father died in 1869. The following year she began to publish fiction and essays in magazines such as ''The Atlantic Monthly'' and ''Harper's Magazine''. Her first full-length publication was a children's book, ''The Old Stone House'' (1873). In 1875 she published her first volume of short stories, ''Castle Nowhere: Lake-Country Sketches'', based on her experiences in the Great Lakes region, especially Mackinac Island.
From 1873 to 1879 Woolson spent winters with her mother in St. Augustine, Florida. During these visits she traveled widely in the South which gave her material for her next collection of short stories, ''Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches'' (1880). After her mother's death in 1879, Woolson went to Europe, staying at a succession of hotels in England, France, Italy, Switzerland and Germany.
===In Europe: the novelist=== [[File:Annestablet mackinacisland.jpg|thumb|Anne's Tablet]]
Woolson published her first novel ''Anne'' in 1880, followed by three others: ''East Angels'' (1886), ''Jupiter Lights'' (1889) and ''Horace Chase'' (1894). In 1883 she published the novella ''For the Major'', a story of the postwar South that has become one of her most respected fictions. In the winter of 1889–1890 she traveled to Egypt and Greece, which resulted in a collection of travel sketches,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/9385487|title=Constance Fenimore Woolson: Road Trip from the fossil Man of Cavillon to the Mausoleum of Salvador Dali.|first1=Pierre-François|last1=Puech|first2=Bernard|last2=Puech|accessdate=August 6, 2019|via=www.academia.edu}}</ref> ''Mentone, Cairo and Corfu'' (published posthumously in 1896).
In 1893 Woolson rented an elegant apartment in the Palazzo Orio Semitecolo Benzon on the Grand Canal of Venice. Suffering from influenza and depression, she either jumped or fell to her death from a fourth story window in the apartment in January 1894, surviving for about an hour after the fall. She was buried in the Protestant Cemetery in Rome and is memorialized by Anne's Tablet on Mackinac Island, Michigan,<ref>''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Homeward Bound'', by Sharon L. Dean, Ardent Media, 1995, p. 38</ref> and a niche with a slender silver trumpet vase in Christ Church in Cooperstown, New York.
Two volumes of her short stories appeared after her death: ''The Front Yard and Other Italian Stories'' (1895) and ''Dorothy and Other Italian Stories'' (1896).
==Selected works== Selected works of Constance Fenimore Woolson were printed (and reprinted) in several volumes of family biography by Woolson's niece, Clare Benedict. ''Five Generations: 1785-1923'' is the general title for three volumes published in 1930: ''Voices Out of the Past'' (Vol. 1), ''Constance Fenimore Woolson'' (Vol. 2), and ''The Benedicts Abroad'' (Vol. 3). Benedict then reprinted the second volume of the series, ''Constance Fenimore Woolson'', in 1932 and added selected published and unpublished materials in "Appendix A." In this reference section, the four volumes Benedict edited are referred to by "Benedict," the volume number, and "(1932)".<ref>Woolson Bibliography {{cite web |url=http://blogs.bgsu.edu/cfwoolson/posts/home/bibliography/ |title=Woolson Bibliography | Constance Fenimore Woolson Society |accessdate=2013-03-04 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208053027/http://blogs.bgsu.edu/cfwoolson/posts/home/bibliography/ |archivedate=2012-12-08 }}</ref>
===Novels=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''The Old Stone House'', 1873. (Under pseudonym Anne March.) * ''Anne'', 1880-1881.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 64 (December 1880): 28-45 (Ch. 1-2); 64 (January 1881): 218-238 (Ch. 3-4); 64 (February 1881): 399-415 (Ch. 5-6); 64 (March 1881): 556-572 (Ch. 7-8); 64 (April 1881): 718-727 (Ch. 9); 64 (May 1881): 847-863 (Ch. 10-11). Rpt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1882; London: Sampson Low & Company, 1883; New York: Harper & Brothers, [1897?]; New York: Harper & Brothers (Biographical Edition) 1899; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900, 1902; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910; New York: Arno, 1982, 1997; Temecula, CA : Reprint Services Co., 1999.</ref> * ''For the Major'', 1882-1883.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 65 (November 1882): 907-917 (Ch. 1); 66 (December 1882): 93-105 (Ch. 2-3); 66 (January 1883): 243-250 (Ch. 4); 66 (February 1883): 405-414 (Ch. 5); 66 (March 1883): 564-571 (Ch. 6); 66 (April 1883): 749-764 (Ch. 7). Rpt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1883; London: Sampson Low & Company, 1883; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1911; in ''For The Major and Selected Short Stories'', edited by Rayburn S. Moore. New Haven, CT: New College and UP, 1967; New York: AMS, 1970. Rpt. ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Per il Maggiore'', edited and translated by Edoardo Grego. Palermo, Italy: Sellerio, 2005.</ref> * ''East Angels'', 1885-1886.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 70 (January 1885): 246-264 (Ch. 1); 70 (February 1885): 466-483 (Ch. 2-3); 70 (March 1885): 613-631 (Ch. 4-5); 70 (April 1885): 781-799 (Ch. 6); 70 (May 1885): 879-896 (Ch. 7); 71 (June 1885): 102-121 (Ch. 8); 71 (July 1885): 284-304 (Ch. 9-10); 71 (August 1885): 451-473 (Ch. 11-13); 71 (September 1885): 522-546 (Ch. 14-15); 71 (October 1885): 691-713 (Ch. 16-18); 71 (November 1885): 901-908 (Ch. 19); 72 (December 1885): 115-124 (Ch. 20); 72 (January 1886): 188-210 (Ch. 21-23); 72 (February 1886): 382-404 (Ch. 24-25); 72 (March 1886): 527-545 (Ch. 26-28); 72 (April 1886): 774-788 (Ch. 29); 72 (May 1886): 949-968 (Ch. 30-32). Rpt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1886, 1898; London: Sampson Low & Company, 1886; Temecula, CA : Reprint Services Co., 1999.</ref> * ''Jupiter Lights'', 1889.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 78 (January 1889): 240-255 (Ch. 1-4); 78 (February 1889): 435-452 (Ch. 5-8); 78 (March 1889): 598-610 (Ch. 9-12); 78 (April 1889): 703-722 (Ch. 13-16); 78 (May 1889): 951-958 (Ch. 17-18); 79 (June 1889): 114-123 (Ch. 19-21); 79 (July 1889): 265-282 (Ch. 22-26); 79 (August 1889): 415-431 (Ch. 27-30); 79 (September 1889): 583-599 (Ch. 31-35). Rpt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889; London: Sampson Low & Company, 1889; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900; Temecula, CA : Reprint Services Co., 1999.</ref> * ''Horace Chase'', 1893.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 86 (January 1893): 198-211 (Ch. 1-2); 86 (February 1893): 438-454 (Ch. 3-4); 86 (March 1893): 596-613 (Ch. 5-7); 86 (April 1893): 753-770 (Ch. 8-9); 86 (May 1893): 882-897 (Ch. 10-12); 87 (June 1893): 140-149 (Ch.13-14); 87 (July 1893): 276-286 (Ch. 15-17); 87 (August 1893): 414-423 (Ch. 18-19); 87 (September 1893): 595-602 (Ch. 20-21); 87 (October 1893): 755-770 (Ch. 22-24). Rpt. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1894; London: Osgood, McLlvaine & Company, 1894; Upper Saddle River, NJ: Literature house, 1970, 1984.</ref> {{div col end}}
===Short stories=== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ''Castle Nowhere: Lake-Country Sketches'' (1875). * ''Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches'' (1880). * ''The Front Yard and Other Italian Stories'' (1895). * ''Dorothy and Other Italian Stories'' (1896). {{div col end}}
===Poetry=== Many of Woolson's poems are now available in the Chadwick-Healey database LION (Literature On-Line). {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * "Charles Dickens. Christmas, 1870."<ref>''Harper's Bazar'' 3 (December 31, 1870): 842. Rpt. Benedict 3: 272.</ref> * "In Memoriam," 1871.<ref>''In Memoriam of George S. Benedict.'' [n. p.: n. p.], 1871: 80. Rpt. Benedict 3: 649-650.</ref> * "Alas," 1871.<ref>''In Memoriam of George S. Benedict''. [n. p.: n. p.], 1871. Rpt. Benedict 4(1932): 495.</ref> * "Thy Will Be Done," 1871.<ref>''In Memoriam of George S. Benedict''. [n.p.: n.p.], 1871.</ref> * "The Herald's Cry," 1872.<ref>''Lippincott's Magazine'' 9 (January 1872): 98. Reprint. Benedict 1: 75-77.</ref> * "Love Unexpressed," 1872.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 7 (March 9, 1872): 273. Rpt. ''New York Evangelist'' 61:42 (October 16, 1890): 6; Benedict 2: 83-85; in ''American Poetry: The Nineteenth Century'', edited by John Hollander. New York: Library of America, 1993: 393-394.</ref> * "Longing," 1872.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 7 (June 22, 1872): 686. Rpt. Benedict 1: 284; Benedict 4 (1932): 418.</ref> * "Walpurgis Night," 1872.<ref>''Old and New'' 5 (January 1872): 61. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 427.</ref> * "The Heart of June," 1872.<ref>''Massachusetts Ploughman and New England Journal of Agriculture''. 31:35 (May 25, 1872): 4; ''The Galaxy'' 13 (June 1872): 816. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 426; ''Nineteenth-Century American Women Poet''s, edited by Paula Bennett. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.</ref> * "Ideal. (The Artist Speaks.)" 1872.<ref>''The Atlantic Monthly'' 30 (October 1872): 461. Rpt. Benedict 3: 651; Benedict 4 (1932): 548-549.</ref> * "Corn Fields," 1872.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 45 (August 1872): 444. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 428.</ref> * "Lake Erie in September," 1872.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''8 (October 12, 1872): 413. Reprint. Benedict 1: 190; Benedict 4 (1932): 429; in ''The Anthology of Western Reserve Literature'', edited by David R. Anderson and Gladys Haddad. Kent, OH: Kent State UP, 1992.</ref> * "Floating. Otsego Lake, September, 1872," 1872.<ref>''The New York Evening Mail'', September 14, 1872: 1.</ref> * "October's Song," 1872.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 45 (October 1872): 753. Reprint. ''The Chautauquan'' 18:1 (October 1893): 122.</ref> * "Christmas in the City," 1872.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 8:196 (December 28, 1872): 724.</ref> * "Off Thunder Bay," 1872.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 45 (July 1872): 168. Reprint. Benedict 1: 198-199; Benedict 4 (1932): 413-414.</ref> * "Two Ways," 1873.<ref>''Ohio Farmer'' 22:22 (April 12, 1873): 346; ''The Atlantic Monthly'' 31 (June 1873): 669-670. Reprint. Benedict 2: 85-87; Benedict 4 (1932): 85-87.</ref> * "Sail-Rock, Lake Superior," 1873.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''10 (July 12, 1873): 33-34. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 415-416.</ref> * "The Greatest of All is Charity," 1873.<ref>''Harper's Bazar'' 6 (February 8, 1873): 90.</ref> * "February," 1873.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''4 (February 8, 1873): 210.</ref> * "March," 1873.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine ''46 (March 18, 1873): 508. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 77-79.</ref> * "Commonplace," 1873.<ref>''Ohio Farmer'' 22:15 (April 12, 1873): 234; ''Lippincott's Magazine'' 6 (February 1873): 59-60. Rpt. Benedict 4 (1932): 542-544.</ref> * "Cleopatra," 1873.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''10 (October 4, 1873): 419.</ref> * "Memory," 1873.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''10 (November 8, 1873): 597.</ref> * "Heliotrope," 1873.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 47 (July 1873): 274.</ref> * "Kentucky Belle. (Told in An Ohio Farm-House, 1868)," 1873.<ref>'' Appletons' Journal ''10 (September 6, 1873): 289-290. Reprint. Benedict 1: 239-241; Benedict 4 (1932): 464-467.</ref> * "The Haunting Face," 1873.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''10 (December 6, 1873): 723. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 547-548.</ref> * "Hero Worship," 1873.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine ''47 (October 1873): 727. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 544-545.</ref> * "Delores," 1874.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''12 (July 11, 1874): 33-34. Reprint. Benedict 1: 236-238; Benedict 4 (1932): 459-462.</ref> * "At the Smithy. (Pickens County, South Carolina, 1874.)" 1874.<ref>'' Appletons' Journal ''12 (September 5, 1874): 289-290.</ref> * "Indian Summer," 1874.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''12 (October 17, 1874): 500. Reprint. Benedict 4 (1932): 430.</ref> * "Yellow Jessamine," 1874.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''11 (March 21, 1874): 372. Reprint. ''Saturday Evening Post'' 53:37 (April 11, 1874): 3; Benedict 1: 235; Benedict 4 (1932): 463; in ''American Anthology'', edited by Edmund Stedman. Boston, MA: Riverside, 1900: 460-461; in ''The Home Book of Verse'', edited by Burton Stevenson. Boston: Henry Holt, 1953.</ref> * "The Florida Beach," 1874.<ref>''The Galaxy'' 18 (October 1874): 482-483. Reprint. Benedict 1: 232; Benedict 4 (1932): 458-59; in ''American Poetry: The Nineteenth Century'', edited by John Hollander. New York: Library of America, 1993. Vol. 2: 394-95; in ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives'', edited by Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Pine-Barrens," 1874.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 50 (December 1874): 66. Reprint. Benedict 1: 230; Benedict 4 (1932): 457-58.</ref> * "Matanzas River," 1874.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine ''50 (December 1874): 24.</ref> * "The Legend of Maria Sanchez Creek," 1875.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 50 (January 1875): 171.</ref> * "A Fire in the Forest," 1875.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''4 (December 4, 1875): 705-06.</ref> * "On the Border," 1876.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''1 n.s. (September 18, 1876): 282.</ref> * "Only the Brakesman," 1876.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 1 n.s. (July 1876): 47-48.</ref> * "Morris Island," 1876.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 1 n.s. (December 1876): 537. Reprint. Benedict 3: 225-26.</ref> * "Four-Leaved Clover," 1876.<ref>''Harper's Bazar'' 9 (July 8, 1876): 433. Reprint. Benedict 3: 133-134; Benedict 4:(1932): 499.</ref> * "On a Homely Woman, Dead," 1876.<ref>''Harper's Bazar'' 9 (April 1, 1876): 210. Rpt. Benedict 3: 630.</ref> * "To George Eliot," 1876.<ref>'' The New Century for Woman'' No. 2 (May 20, 1876): 1. Rpt. ''Nineteenth-Century American Women Poets'', edited by Paula Bennett. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.</ref> * "Tom," 1876.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''15 (May 20, 1876): 656. Rpt. ''Saturday Evening Post ''55:49 (July 1, 1876): 8; ''Zion's Herald'' 66:51 (December 19, 1888): 406; Benedict 2: 79-81; Benedict 4 (1932): 79-81.</ref> * "Forgotten," 1876.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 53 (July 1876): 216. Rpt. ''The Independent ''28:1453 (October 5, 1876): 27.</ref> * "To Jean Ingelow," 1876.<ref>''The New Century for Woman ''No. 9 (July 8, 1876): 67.</ref> * "Mizpah. Genesis 31.49," 1877.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 2 n.s. (June 1877): 539. Rpt. Benedict 2: 83; Benedict 4 (1932): 83.</ref> * "Two Women. 1862," 1877.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''2 n.s. (January 1877): 60-67; 2 n.s. (February 1877): 140-147. Reprint. New York: Appleton and Company, 1877, 1885, 1890, 1893; Alexandria, VA: Chadwick-Healey, 1996; ''She Wields a Pen: American Women Poets of the Nineteenth Century'', edited by Janet Gray. Iowa City, IA: U of Iowa P, 1997.</ref> * "'I Too!'" 1877.<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 3 n.s. (September 1877): 270.</ref> * "An Intercepted Letter," 1878.<ref>''Harper's Bazar'' 11 (September 7, 1878): 578.</ref> * "To Certain Biographers," 1878.<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''5 n.s. (September 1878): 376.</ref> * "Mentone," 1884.<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 68 (January 1884): 216. Reprint. ''New York Evangelist'' 55:4 (January 24, 1884): 6; Benedict 2: 178; Benedict 4 (1932): 178; in ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives'', edited by Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Gettysburg 1876," 1889.<ref>Holograph in ''American War Ballads and Lyrics''. New York: Putnam, 1889. Reprint. Benedict 3: 224-25.</ref> * "In March," 1890.<ref>''Current Literature'' 4:3 (March 1890): 224.</ref> * "Detroit River."<ref>Benedict 4 (1932): 417. Reprint. In ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives'', edited by Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville, TN: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Mackinac–Revisited."<ref>Benedict 4 (1932): 419.</ref> * "Clara 'Bright, Illustrious.'"<ref>Benedict 3: 630.</ref> * "Contrast. Six O'Clock Broadway."<ref>Benedict 4 (1932): 496.</ref> * "Plum's Picture."<ref>Benedict 3: 650.</ref> * "We Shall Meet Them Again."<ref>Benedict 4 (1932): 546-547.</ref> * "Gentleman Waife. (The Animal Kingdom.)"<ref>Benedict 4(1932): 497-98.</ref> * "Martins on the Telegraph Wire."<ref>Benedict 2: 81-82.</ref> * "Haj you Chorgotten?"<ref>Holograph ms. Clare Benedict Collection, Folder 82. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio</ref> * "The God of February."<ref>''Miss Woolson's Poetry Book'', Constance Fenimore Woolson Papers, Container 3, Folder 41. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio.</ref> * "In the December Twilight."<ref>''Miss Woolson's Poetry Book'', Constance Fenimore Woolson Papers, Container 3, Folder 41. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio.</ref> {{div col end}}
===Travel writing and nonfiction=== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * "The Happy Valley."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 41 (July 1870): 282- 85. Rpt. Benedict 1: 268-76.</ref> * "Fairy Island."<ref>''Putnam's Magazine'' n.s. 6 (July 1870): 62-69. Rpt. Benedict 1: 278-83 and 2 (1932): 420-25.</ref> * "New York. From Our Special Correspondent."<ref>''Supplement to The Daily Cleveland Herald'', December 24, 1870. Rpt. Benedict 1: 316-18, 325-26.</ref> * "New York. From Our Special Woman Correspondent."<ref>''The Daily Cleveland Herald'', January 10, 1871. Rpt. Benedict 1: 319-21, 325.</ref> * "Gotham. From Our Own Correspondent."<ref>''Supplement to The Daily Cleveland Herald'', January 14, 1871. Rpt. Benedict 1: 326-29.</ref> * "Gotham. From Our Own Correspondent."<ref>''Supplement to The Daily Cleveland Herald'', January 21, 1871. Rpt. Benedict 1: 321-25.</ref> * "Gotham. From Our Own Correspondent."<ref>''Supplement to The Daily Cleveland Herald'', January 28, 1871. Rpt. Benedict 1: 329-30.</ref> * "Gotham. From Our Own Correspondent."<ref>'' Supplement to The Daily Cleveland Herald'', February 4, 1871. Rpt. Benedict 1: 330-32.</ref> * "A Day of Mystery."<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 6 (September 9, 1871): 290-93.</ref> * "The Haunted Lake."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 44 (December 1871): 20-30. Rpt. Benedict 1: 49-57.</ref> * "In Search of the Picturesque."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 45 (July 1872): 161-68.</ref> * "American Cities–Detroit."<ref>''Appletons' Journal ''8 (July 27, 1872): 85-92.</ref> * "Round by Propeller."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 45 (September 1872): 518-33. Rpt. ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives.'' Ed. Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Mackinac Island."<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 9 (March 8, 1873): 321-22. Rpt. ''Picturesque America.'' Ed. William Cullen Bryant. 2 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 1: 279-91. Benedict 1: 200-01.</ref> * "The Wine Islands of Lake Erie."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 47 (June 1873): 27-36.</ref> * "Lakeshore Relics."<ref>''Lippincott's Magazine'' 7 (November 1873): 606-11.</ref> * "A Voyage to the Unknown River."<ref>''Appletons' Journal'' 11 (May 16, 1874): 614-16.</ref> * "The Ancient City."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 50 (December 1874): 1-25 (Part I); 50 (January 1875): 165-85 (Part II). Rpt. ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives.'' Ed. Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "The French Broad."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 50 (April 1875): 617-36.</ref> * "Up the Ashley and Cooper."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 52 (December 1875): 1-24.</ref> * "Lake Superior."<ref>''Picturesque America.'' Ed. William Cullen Bryant. 2 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 1: 393-411.</ref> * "Mackinac."<ref>''Picturesque America.'' Ed. William Cullen Bryant. 2 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 1: 279-91.</ref> * "The South Shore of Lake Erie."<ref>'' Picturesque America.'' Ed. William Cullen Bryant. 2 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 1: 510-49. Partial rpt. "The Spirit of the Lakes."'' The Mentor'' 8 (October 1920): 34.</ref> * "On The Ohio."<ref>'' Picturesque America.'' Ed. William Cullen Bryant. 2 vols. New York: Appleton, 1876. 2: 146-167.</ref> * "The Oklawaha."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 52 (January 1876): 161-79.</ref> * "Pictures of Travel: The Last Summer of the St. Gotthard."<ref>''Christian Union'' 22: 9 (September 1, 1880): 165-66.</ref> * "The Roman May, and a Walk."<ref>''The Christian Union'' 24 (July 27, 1881): 76-77. Rpt. Benedict 2: 247-56; Benedict 4 (1932): 247-56.</ref> * "At Mentone."<ref>''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 68 (January 1884): 189-216 (Ch. 1); 68 (February 1884): 367-91 (Ch. 2). Rpt.</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/33367/33367-h/33367-h.htm|title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mentone, Cairo, and Corfu, by Constance Fenimore Woolson.|website=www.gutenberg.org|accessdate=August 6, 2019}}</ref><ref>New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896. Benedict 2: 163-77; Benedict 4 (1932): 163-77; ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives.'' Ed. Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Cairo in 1890." ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 83 (October–November 1891): 651-74, 828-55. Rpt.<ref name="auto"/><ref>New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896. Benedict 2: 344-63; Benedict 4 (1932): 344-63; ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Selected Stories and Travel Narratives'.'' Ed. Victoria Brehm and Sharon Dean. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 2004.</ref> * "Corfu and the Ionian Sea." ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'' 85 (August 1892): 351-370. Rpt.<ref name="auto"/><ref>New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896. Benedict 2: 307-39; Benedict 4 (1932): 307-39.</ref> * ''Mentone, Cairo, and Corfu.''<ref name="auto"/><ref>New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896.</ref> {{div col end}}
==Bilingual editions== * Miss Grief / Fräulein Kummer. Calambac Publishing House, Germany 2019, bilingual edition: English/German, ISBN 978-3-943117-03-5.
==Critical reception== Woolson's short stories have long been regarded as pioneering examples of local color or regionalism.<ref>Kern, John Dwight. Constance Fenimore Woolson: Literary Pioneer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934.</ref> Today, Woolson's novels, short stories, poetry, and travelogues are studied and taught from a range of scholarly and critical perspectives, including feminist, psychoanalytic, gender studies,<ref>See, for example: Sharon L. Dean, ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Homeward Bound.'' Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1995; Cheryl B. Torsney, ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: The Grief of Artistry.'' Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989; Joan Weimer, ed. and intro. ''Women Artists, Women Exiles: 'Miss Grief' and Other Stories.'' New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1988; and Kristin Comment, "Lesbian 'Impossibilities' of Miss Grief's 'Armour.'" ''Constance Fenimore Woolson's Nineteenth Century: Essays.'' Ed. Victoria Brehm. Detroit, MI: Wayne State UP, 2001. 207-23.</ref> postcolonial, and new historicism.<ref>See for instance: Kathleen Diffley, ed. ''Witness to Reconstruction: Constance Fenimore Woolson and the Postbellum South, 1873-1894.'' Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 2011; Anne E. Boyd, "Tourism, Imperialism, and Hybridity in the Reconstruction South: Woolson's Rodman the Keeper: Southern Sketches." ''Southern Literary Journal'' 43.2 (Spring 2011): 12-31; and Neill Matheson, "Constance Fenimore Woolson's Anthropology of Desire." ''Legacy'' 26.1 (2009): 48-68.</ref>
In recent decades, critical work on Woolson has blossomed and teaching of Woolson at the high school and university levels has increased. Sharon L. Dean's ''The Complete Letters of Constance Fenimore Woolson,''<ref>Sharon L. Dean, ed. ''The Complete Letters of Constance Fenimore Woolson.'' Gainesville: UP of Florida, 2012.</ref> was published in 2012. Anne Boyd Rioux's ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: Portrait of a Lady Novelist'',<ref>Rioux, Anne Boyd. ''Constance Fenimore Woolson: The Portrait of a Lady.'' New York: Norton, 2016.</ref> published in 2016, is the first full-length biography of Woolson. The Constance Fenimore Woolson Society holds regular conferences and hosts panels at the annual meeting of the American Literature Association and the biennial Society for the Study of American Women Writers conference.
==Friendship with Henry James== The relationship between the two writers has prompted much speculation by biographers, especially Lyndall Gordon in her 1998 book, ''A Private Life of Henry James''. Woolson's most famous story, ''Miss Grief'', has been read as a fictionalization of their friendship, though she had not yet met James when she wrote it. Recent novels such as Emma Tennant's ''Felony'' (2002), David Lodge's ''Author, Author'' (2004), Colm Toibin's ''The Master'' (2004), and Elizabeth Maguire's ''The Open Door'' (2008) have treated the still unclear relationship between Woolson and James.<ref>{{cite news|first=Alan|last=Hollinghurst|authorlink=Alan Hollinghurst|title=The Middle Fears|work= The Guardian|date= September 4, 2004 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/sep/04/fiction.henryjames}}</ref>
==See also== * Mary Hartwell Catherwood
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==External links== {{commons category-inline}} * [http://www.wsu.edu/~campbelld/amlit/woolson.htm Woolson website with links to texts, criticism and biography, including a list of Woolson's letters and the archives that hold them] * [https://constancefenimorewoolson.wordpress.com/woolson-house/ Website of the Constance Fenimore Woolson Society] * {{Gutenberg author |id=2041| name=Constance Fenimore Woolson}} * {{FadedPage|id=Woolson, Constance Fenimore|name=Constance Fenimore Woolson|author=yes}} * {{Internet Archive author |sname=Constance Fenimore Woolson}} * {{Librivox author |id=1326}} * [https://www.whatshernamepodcast.com/constance-fenimore-woolson/ "The Lady Novelist"] episode of ''What'sHerName'' podcast with guest Professor Anne Boyd Rioux.
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