{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = | taxon = Compositrema | authority = Rivas Plata, [[Robert Lücking|Lücking]] & [[Helge Thorsten Lumbsch|Lumbsch]] (2012) | type_species = Compositrema cerebriforme | type_species_authority = J.E.Hern. & [[Robert Lücking|Lücking]] (2012) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''[[Compositrema borinquense|C. borinquense]]''<br /> ''[[Compositrema cerebriforme|C. cerebriforme]]''<br /> ''[[Compositrema isidiofarinosum|C. isidiofarinosum]]''<br /> ''[[Compositrema thailandicum|C. thailandicum]]'' }}
'''''Compositrema''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lichen]]-forming [[fungi]] in the family [[Graphidaceae]].<ref name="CoL"/> It has four species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> The genus was [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, [[Robert Lücking]], and [[Helge Thorsten Lumbsch]], with ''[[Compositrema cerebriforme|C. cerebriforme]]'' assigned as the [[type species]]. The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite {{lichengloss|pseudostromatic}} ascomata (i.e., [[Sporocarp (fungi)|fruiting bodies]] with a {{lichengloss|stroma}} made of both [[thallus]] tissue and bits of [[host (biology)|host]] tissue), which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus ''[[Stegobolus]]''.
==Taxonomy== The genus ''Compositrema'' was [[circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscribed]] in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, [[Robert Lücking]], and [[Helge Thorsten Lumbsch|H. Thorsten Lumbsch]]. The [[type species]], ''[[Compositrema cerebriforme]]'', was jointly [[species description|described]] by Jesús Ernesto Hernández Maldonado and Lücking. The name of the genus makes reference to its "composite" {{lichengloss|pseudostroma|pseudostromatic}} ascomata, a feature that starkly distinguishes it from the genus ''[[Stegobolus]]''. The ending ''-trema'' is derived from the [[Romanization of Greek|Latinised Greek]] neuter noun meaning "perforation; aperture; opening; orifice".<ref name="Pennycook 2022"/> [[Phylogenetic]]ally, ''Compositrema'' is closely akin to ''Stegobolus'' but is genetically quite [[genetic distance|distant]], forming a strongly supported [[clade]] that is a distant relative of the ''[[Myriotrema album]]'' group.<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012"/> ''Compositrema'' is in the [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] Ocellularieae of the subfamily Graphidoideae in the [[Graphidaceae]].<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2014"/> Two species were initially included in this genus,<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012"/> and two others added in 2014.<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2014"/>
==Description== ''Compositrema'' lichens have a pale green-grey to olive-green [[thallus]] that is smooth to uneven, with a dense {{lichengloss|cortex}} that has a {{lichengloss|prosoplectenchymatous}} tissue structure. Sometimes, [[isidia]] are present on these lichens. The {{lichengloss|photobiont layer}} contains scattered clusters of [[calcium oxalate]] crystals among its cells. The {{lichengloss|apothecia}}, or the reproductive parts of the lichen, are grouped into distinct pseudostromata, which are rounded to angular and can be either {{lichengloss|erumpent}} or [[sessility (botany)|sessile]]. The {{lichengloss|disc}}-like part of these pseudostromata is pale brown and dusted with a thin white {{lichengloss|pruina}}. On a more microscopic level, ''Compositrema'' lichens have unbranched {{lichengloss|paraphyses}}, and each [[ascus]] contains eight {{lichengloss|ascospores}} that are [[ellipsoid]] in shape with thick [[septum|septa]] and lens-shaped {{lichengloss|lumina}}. These ascospores range from colourless to pale brown and [[Amyloid (mycology)|react]] with [[iodine]] to give a violet-blue colour. [[Psoromic acid]] is a [[secondary metabolite]] ([[lichen product]]) that occurs in ''Compositrema''.<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012"/>
==Species== * ''[[Compositrema borinquense]]'' {{au|Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014)}} – Puerto Rico<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2014"/> * ''[[Compositrema cerebriforme]]'' {{au|J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012)}} – Venezuela<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012"/> * ''[[Compositrema isidiofarinosum]]'' {{au|Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014)}} – Puerto Rico<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2014"/> * ''[[Compositrema thailandicum]]'' {{au|Rivas Plata, Papong & Lumbsch (2012)}} – Thailand<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012"/>
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="CoL">{{Catalogue of Life |id=62N7X |title=''Compositrema'' |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Lumbsch |first1=H. Thorsten |last2=Parnmen |first2=Sittiporn |last3=Kraichak |first3=Ekaphan |last4=Papong |first4=Khwanruan Butsatorn |last5=Lücking |first5=Robert |title=High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=12 |issue=3 |year=2014 |doi=10.1080/14772000.2014.905506 |pages=271–291|s2cid=85347570 |url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/High_frequency_of_character_transformations_is_phylogenetically_structured_within_the_lichenized_fungal_family_Graphidaceae_Ascomycota_Ostropales_/1004987 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
<ref name="Mercado-Díaz et al. 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Mercado-Díaz |first1=Joel A. |last2=Lücking |first2=Robert |last3=Parnmen |first3=Sittiporn |title=Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean? |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=189 |issue=1 |year=2014 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.14 |pages=186–203}}</ref>
<ref name="Pennycook 2022">{{cite journal |last=Pennycook |first=Shaun R. |title=Gender of fungal generic names ending in –trema |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=137 |issue=3 |year=2022 |doi=10.5248/137.545 |pages=545–554|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Rivas Plata et al. 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Rivas Plata |first1=Eimy |last2=Lücking |first2=Robert |last3=Lumbsch |first3=H. Thorsten |title=Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the ''Ocellularia'' clade (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae) |journal=Taxon |volume=61 |issue=6 |year=2012 |doi=10.1002/tax.616001 |pages=1161–1179}}</ref>
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=N.N. |last2=Hyde |first2=K.D. |last3=Dai |first3=D.Q. |last4=Sánchez-García |first4=M. |last5=Goto |first5=B.T. |last6=Saxena |first6=R.K. |last7=Erdoğdu |first7=M. |last8=Selçuk |first8=F. |last9=Rajeshkumar |first9=K.C. |last10=Aptroot |first10=A. |last11=Błaszkowski |first11=J. |last12=Boonyuen |first12=N. |last13=da Silva |first13=G. |last14=de Souza |first14=F.A. |last15=Dong |first15=W. |last16=Ertz |first16=D. |last17=Haelewaters |first17=D. |last18=Jones |first18=E.B. |last19=Karunarathna |first19=S.C. |last20=Kirk |first20=P.M. |last21=Kukwa |first21=M. |last22=Kumla |first22=J. |last23=Leontyev |first23=D.V. |last24=Lumbsch |first24=H.T. |last25=Maharachchikumbura |first25=S.S.N. |last26=Marguno |first26=F. |last27=Martínez-Rodríguez |first27=P. |last28=Mešić |first28=A. |last29=Monteiro |first29=J.S. |last30=Oehl |first30=F. |last31=Pawłowska |first31=J. |last32=Pem |first32=D. |last33=Pfliegler |first33=W.P. |last34=Phillips |first34=A.J.L. |last35=Pošta |first35=A. |last36=He |first36=M.Q. |last37=Li |first37=J.X. |last38=Raza |first38=M. |last39=Sruthi |first39=O.P. |last40=Suetrong |first40=S. |last41=Suwannarach |first41=N. |last42=Tedersoo |first42=L. |last43=Thiyagaraja |first43=V. |last44=Tibpromma |first44=S. |last45=Tkalčec |first45=Z. |last46=Tokarev |first46=Y.S. |last47=Wanasinghe |first47=D.N. |last48=Wijesundara |first48=D.S.A. |last49=Wimalaseana |first49=S.D.M.K. |last50=Madrid |first50=H. |last51=Zhang |first51=G.Q. |last52=Gao |first52=Y. |last53=Sánchez-Castro |first53=I. |last54=Tang |first54=L.Z. |last55=Stadler |first55=M. |last56=Yurkov |first56=A. |last57=Thines |first57=M. |year=2022 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021 |journal=Mycosphere |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=53–453 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2 |s2cid=249054641 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332|doi-access=free |hdl=10481/76378 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q101751501}}
[[Category:Graphidaceae]] [[Category:Graphidales genera]] [[Category:Taxa described in 2012]] [[Category:Lichen genera]] [[Category:Taxa named by Robert Lücking]] [[Category:Taxa named by Helge Thorsten Lumbsch]] [[Category:Taxa named by Eimy Rivas Plata]]