Columnea

{{Short description|Genus of epiphytes}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = 2006-11-06Columnea 14.jpg |image_caption = ''Columnea crassifolia'' |taxon = Columnea |authority = Plum. ex L. (1753) |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = 216, see text |subdivision_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002865-2 ''Columnea'' Plum. ex L.] ''Plants of the World Online''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> |synonyms = *''Aponoa'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} *''Bucinella'' {{small|Wiehler (1977), nom. illeg.}} *''Bucinellina'' {{small|Wiehler (1981)}} *''Collandra'' {{small|Lem. (1847)}} *''Dalbergaria'' {{small|Tussac (1808)}} *''Eusynetra'' {{small|Raf. (1837)}} *''Fluckigeria'' {{small|Rusby (1895)}} *''Glycanthes'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} *''Hematophyla'' {{small|Raf. (1838)}} *''Kohlerianthus'' {{small|Fritsch (1897)}} *''Loboptera'' {{small|Colla (1849)}} *''Ortholoma'' {{small|Hanst. (1854)}} *''Pentadenia'' {{small|Hanst. (1854)}} *''Pterygoloma'' {{small|Hanst. (1854)}} *''Stenanthus'' {{small|Oerst. ex Hanst. (1854)}} *''Stygnanthe'' {{small|Hanst. (1854)}} *''Trichantha'' {{small|Hook. (1844)}} *''Vireya'' {{small|Raf. (1814), nom. rej.}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name= powo/> }}

'''''Columnea''''' is a genus of around 200 species of epiphytic herbs and shrubs in the family Gesneriaceae, native to the tropics of the Americas and the Caribbean. The tubular or oddly shaped flowers are usually large and brightly colored – usually red, yellow, or orange – sometimes resembling a fish in shape. A common name is '''flying goldfish plants''' (see also the related ''Nematanthus'') due to the unusual flower shape.

The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus after the Latinized spelling of the name of the 16th-century Italian botanist Fabio Colonna (Latin: ''Fabius Columnus'').<ref name="WEBER">{{cite web|url=http://www.genera-gesneriaceae.at/genera/columnea_sstr.htm|title=''Columnea'' s.str. (sensu Wiehler 1983) |author=Anton Weber & Laurence E. Skog|date=July 13, 2007|work=The Genera of Gesneriaceae. Basic information with illustration of selected species. Ed. 2|access-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Botanical Latin (4th ed)|last=Stearn|first=W.T.|publisher=Timber Press|year=2004|isbn=9780881926279|location=Portland, Oregon|pages=283}}</ref>

The segregate genus ''Bucinellina'' is considered by many botanists a synonym of ''Columnea''. A full list of the species now accepted in the genus, along with their synonyms, can be found at the World Checklist of Gesneriaceae.<ref name="WCG">{{cite web|url=http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist/result.cfm|title=World Checklist of Gesneriaceae|author=L.E. Skog & J.K. Boggan|year=2007|publisher=Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution|access-date=February 13, 2012}}</ref>

==Cultivation== ''Columnea'' species grow as epiphytic plants in the wild and require bright light, good air circulation, and a well-drained growing medium that is allowed to dry out slightly between waterings. They are very tolerant of underpotting and seem to bloom best when potbound. Most are tropical plants and are easy to grow under indoor or greenhouse conditions but some species come from high altitudes and require cooler temperatures to grow well or bloom. Many of the species are seasonal bloomers, but hybrids and cultivars can be more or less continuously blooming.

The hybrid ''Columnea'' × ''banksii'' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/97422/Columnea-x-banksii/Details | title = ''Columnea'' × ''banksii'' | website = www.rhs.org | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=30em}} *''Columnea albiflora'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea albovinosa'' {{small|(M.Freiberg) J.L.Clark & L.E.Skog}} *''Columnea aliena'' (C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton *''Columnea allenii'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea ambigua'' (Urb.) B.D. Morley *''Columnea ampliata'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea angulata'' {{small|J.L.Clark & Tobar}} *''Columnea angustata'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea anisophylla'' DC. *''Columnea antennifera'' {{small|J.L.Clark & Clavijo}} *''Columnea antiocana'' (Wiehler) J.F. Sm. *''Columnea argentea'' Griseb. *''Columnea arguta'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea asteroloma'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea atahualpae'' J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog *''Columnea aurantia'' Wiehler *''Columnea aurea'' Warsz., nom. nud. *''Columnea bilabiata'' Seem. *''Columnea billbergiana'' Beurl. *''Columnea bivalvis'' J.L. Clark & M. Amaya *''Columnea blancoi'' {{small|J.E.Jiménez, Chinchilla & Kriebel}} *''Columnea brenneri'' (Wiehler) B.D. Morley *''Columnea brevipila'' Urb. *''Columnea byrsina'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea calotricha'' Donn. Sm. *''Columnea canarina'' {{small|Wiehler}} *''Columnea capillosa'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea carinata'' {{small|J.L.Clark & L.E.Skog}} *''Columnea caudata'' {{small|M.Amaya & L.P.Kvist}} *''Columnea cerropirrana'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea ceticeps'' {{small|J.L.Clark & J.F.Sm.}} *''Columnea chiricana'' Wiehler *''Columnea chocoensis'' {{small|M.Amaya & L.E.Skog}} *''Columnea chrysotricha'' L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea ciliata'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea citriflora'' L.E. Skog *''Columnea cobana'' Donn. Sm. *''Columnea colombiana'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea consanguinea'' Hanst. *''Columnea coronata'' M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea coronocrypta'' M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea corralesii'' {{small|M.Amaya & J.F.Sm.}} *''Columnea crassa'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea crassicaulis'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea crassifolia'' Brongn. ex Lem. *''Columnea cruenta'' B.D. Morley *''Columnea cuspidata'' L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea dictyophylla'' Donn. Sm. *''Columnea dielsii'' Mansf. *''Columnea dimidiata'' (Benth.) Kuntze *''Columnea dissimilis'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea domingensis'' (Urb.) B.D. Morley *''Columnea dressleri'' Wiehler *''Columnea eburnea'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea elongatifolia'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea ericae'' Mansf. *''Columnea erythrophaea'' Decne. ex Houll. *''Columnea erythrophylla'' Hanst. *''Columnea eubracteata'' Mansf. *''Columnea fawcettii'' (Urb.) C.V. Morton *''Columnea fernandezii'' M. Amaya *''Columnea ferruginea'' {{small|J.F.Sm. & J.L.Clark}} *''Columnea figueroae'' {{small|M.Amaya}} *''Columnea filamentosa'' L.E. Skog *''Columnea filifera'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea filipes'' Oliver *''Columnea fimbricalyx'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea flaccida'' Seem. *''Columnea flexiflora'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea floribunda'' {{small|Tobar & J.L.Clark}} *''Columnea florida'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea fluidifolia'' {{small|J.L.Clark & Tobar}} *''Columnea foreroi'' {{small|M.Amaya}} *''Columnea formosa'' (C.V. Morton) C.V. Morton *''Columnea fractiflexa'' {{small|J.F.Sm. & J.L.Clark}} *''Columnea fritschii'' (Rusby) J.F. Sm. *''Columnea fuscihirta'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea gallicauda'' Wiehler *''Columnea gigantifolia'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea glabra'' Oerst. *''Columnea grata'' {{small|(Oerst. ex Hanst.) C.V.Morton}} *''Columnea grisebachiana'' Kuntze *''Columnea guatemalensis'' Sprague *''Columnea guianensis'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea guttata'' Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. *''Columnea harrisii'' (Urb.) Britton ex C.V. Morton *''Columnea herthae'' Mansf. *''Columnea hiantiflora'' Wiehler *''Columnea hirsuta'' Swartz, non Auct. *''Columnea hirsutissima'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea hirta'' Klotzsch & Hanst. *''Columnea hispida'' Swartz *''Columnea hypocyrtantha'' (Wiehler) J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog *''Columnea illepida'' H.E. Moore *''Columnea inaequilatera'' Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. *''Columnea incarnata'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea incredibilis'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea isernii'' Cuatrec. *''Columnea kalbreyeriana'' Masters *''Columnea karstenianum'' {{small|R.Kr.Singh}} *''Columnea katzensteiniae'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea kienastiana'' Regel *''Columnea kucyniakii'' Raymond *''Columnea labellosa'' H. Karst. *''Columnea laciniata'' {{small|J.L.Clark & M.Amaya}} *''Columnea laevis'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea lanata'' (Seem.) Kuntze *''Columnea lariensis'' Kriebel *''Columnea lehmannii'' Mansf. *''Columnea lepidocaula'' Hanst. *''Columnea linearis'' Oerst. *''Columnea longinervosa'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea longipedicellata'' {{small|M.Amaya, Clavijo & O.H.Marín}} *''Columnea lophophora'' Mansf. *''Columnea lucifer'' J.L. Clark *''Columnea maculata'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea magnifica'' Klotzsch ex Oerst. *''Columnea manabiana'' (Wiehler) J.F. Sm. & L.E. Skog *''Columnea mastersonii'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea medicinalis'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea megafolia'' L.E.Skog & M.Amaya *''Columnea microcalyx'' Hanst. (synonym ''Columnea gloriosa'' Sprague) *''Columnea microphylla'' Klotzsch & Hanst. ex Oerst. *''Columnea minor'' (Hook.) Hanst. *''Columnea minutiflora'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea mira'' B.D. Morley *''Columnea moesta'' Poepp. in Poepp. & Endl. *''Columnea moorei'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea nariniana'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea nematoloba'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea nervosa'' (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst. *''Columnea nicaraguensis'' Oerst. *''Columnea oblongifolia'' Rusby *''Columnea ochroleuca'' (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst. *''Columnea oerstediana'' Klotzsch ex Oerst. *''Columnea orientandina'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea ornata'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea ovatifolia'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea oxyphylla'' Hanst. *''Columnea panamensis'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea paraguensis'' M.Amaya & J.F.Sm. *''Columnea paramicola'' {{small|(Wiehler) L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog}} *''Columnea parviflora'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea pectinata'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea pedunculata'' M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea pendens'' {{small|J.L.Clark, Tobar & J.F.Sm.}} *''Columnea pendula'' (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst. *''Columnea perpulchra'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea peruviana'' Zahlbr. *''Columnea polyantha'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea poortmannii'' (Wiehler) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea praetexta'' Hanst. *''Columnea proctorii'' Stearn *''Columnea pubescens'' (Griseb.) Kuntze *''Columnea pulcherrima'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea pulchra'' (Wiehler) L.E. Skog *''Columnea purpurata'' Hanst. *''Columnea purpureovittata'' (Wiehler) B.D. Morley *''Columnea purpurimarginata'' L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog *''Columnea purpusii'' Standl. *''Columnea pygmaea'' J.L. Clark & J.F. Sm. *''Columnea querceti'' Oerst. *''Columnea queremalensis'' M. Amaya, L.E. Skog & L.P. Kvist *''Columnea rangelii'' {{small|M.Amaya & O.H.Marín}} *''Columnea raymondii'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea repens'' (Hook.) Hanst. *''Columnea reticulata'' M. Amaya, L.E.Skog, C.E.González, & J.F.Sm. *''Columnea rileyi'' (Wiehler) J.F.Sm. *''Columnea ringens'' Regel *''Columnea robusta'' (Wiehler) L.E.Skog *''Columnea rosea'' (C.V. Morton) C.V.Morton *''Columnea rubra'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea rubriacuta'' (Wiehler) L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog *''Columnea rubribracteata'' L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog *''Columnea rubricalyx'' L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog *''Columnea rubricaulis'' Standl. *''Columnea rubrocincta'' C.V.Morton *''Columnea rutilans'' Swartz *''Columnea sanguinea'' (Pers.) Hanst. *''Columnea sanguinolenta'' (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst. *''Columnea scandens'' L. *''Columnea schiedeana'' Schlechtend. *''Columnea schimpffii'' Mansf. *''Columnea segregata'' B.D.Morley *''Columnea sericeo-villosa'' Suess. *''Columnea serrata'' (Klotzsch ex Oerst.) Hanst. *''Columnea silvarum'' C.V.Morton *''Columnea skogii'' Amaya M. *''Columnea spathulata'' Mansf. *''Columnea stilesiana'' {{small|M.Amaya & L.P.Kvist}} *''Columnea stricta'' {{small|Rusby}} *''Columnea strigosa'' Benth. *''Columnea subcordata'' C.V.Morton *''Columnea suffruticosa'' J.F.Sm. & L.E.Skog *''Columnea sulcata'' L.E.Skog & L.P.Kvist *''Columnea sulfurea'' Donn. Sm. *''Columnea tandapiana'' (Wiehler) L.E.Skog & L.P.Kvist *''Columnea tecta'' J.L.Clark & Clavijo *''Columnea tenella'' {{small|L.P.Kvist & L.E.Skog}} *''Columnea tenensis'' (Wiehler) B.D. Morley *''Columnea tenuis'' Klotzsch ex Oerst. *''Columnea tessmannii'' Mansf. *''Columnea tincta'' Griseb. *''Columnea tomentulosa'' C.V. Morton *''Columnea trollii'' Mansf. *''Columnea tutunendana'' (Wiehler) L.E.Skog *''Columnea ulei'' Mansf. *''Columnea ultraviolacea'' J.F.Sm. & L.E.Skog *''Columnea urbanii'' Stearn *''Columnea verecunda'' C.V.Morton *''Columnea villosissima'' Mansf. *''Columnea vinacea'' C.V.Morton *''Columnea vittata'' (Wiehler) L.E.Skog *''Columnea weberbaueri'' {{small|Mansf.}} *''Columnea xiphoidea'' J.F.Sm. & L.E.Skog *''Columnea zebranella'' {{small|Wiehler}} *''Columnea zebrina'' Raymond {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} *[http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae/genera/columnea_sl.htm ''Columnea'']{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} from [http://www.botanik.univie.ac.at/morphology/genera_gesneriaceae The Genera of Gesneriaceae]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120204114025/http://www.gesneriads.ca/gencolum.htm ''Columnea''] from [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230161202/http://www.gesneriads.ca/ The Gesneriad Reference Web] *[http://persoon.si.edu/gesneriaceae/checklist World Checklist of Gesneriaceae]

Category:Columnea Category:Epiphytes Category:Gesneriaceae genera Category:Flora of the Neotropical realm Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Taxa described in 1753