{{Short description|Cinder cone in British Columbia, Canada}} {{good article}} {{Use Canadian English|date=January 2025}} {{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Coffee Crater | image = Coffee Crater (Snowshoe Lava Field, North America).jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Coffee Crater from the south | mapframe = yes | mapframe-caption = Location in [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]] | elevation_m = 2000 | elevation_ref = {{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}} | coordinates = {{Coord|57|38|04|N|130|40|11|W|type:mountain_region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = {{efn|Coordinates are derived from [[Google Earth]].}} | map= Canada British Columbia | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in British Columbia | country = [[Canada]]{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}} | region_type = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]] | region = [[British Columbia]]{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}} | district = [[Cassiar Land District]]{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}} | part_type = [[Protected area]] | part = [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]]{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}} | range = [[Tahltan Highland]]{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}} | topo_maker = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] | topo_map = {{Canada NTS Map Sheet|104|G|10}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}} | formed_by = [[Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex|Volcanism]]{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=27}} | type = [[Cinder cone]]{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater}} | geology = [[Alkali basalt]], [[hawaiite]]{{sfn|Souther|1988}} | volcanic_field = [[Snowshoe Lava Field]]{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater}} | last_eruption = [[Holocene]] age{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater}} }}
'''Coffee Crater''' is a [[cinder cone]] in [[Cassiar Land District]] of northwestern [[British Columbia]], Canada. It has an [[elevation]] of {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=off}} and is one of several [[volcanic cone]]s in the [[Snowshoe Lava Field]] at the southern end of the [[Big Raven Plateau]]. The cone is southeast of the community of [[Telegraph Creek]] in [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]], which is one of the largest [[provincial parks in British Columbia]]. Coffee Crater the source of a lava flow that travelled to the southwest; it ponded against and partially overrode stagnant ice on the Big Raven Plateau.
Coffee Crater is a part of the [[Mount Edziza volcanic complex]], which consists of diverse landforms such as [[shield volcano]]es, [[stratovolcano]]es, [[lava dome]]s and cinder cones. The cone contains a [[volcanic crater]] and was the source of a lava flow that ponded against and partially overrode stagnant ice on the Big Raven Plateau. Part of the lava flow collapsed after the underlying stagnant ice melted away, forming an {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} high [[escarpment]]. Coffee Crater is surrounded by a number of other volcanic features, including [[Cocoa Crater]], [[Keda Cone]], Punch Cone, [[Cartoona Peak]] and Kaia Bluff.
==Name and etymology== The name of the cone was adopted on [[National Topographic System]] map 104G on May 6, 1954, but it did not become official until December 10, 1972.{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}}{{sfn|Geographical Names Data Base: Coffee Crater}} In his 1992 report ''The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia'', Canadian volcanologist [[Jack Souther]] gave Coffee Crater the [[numeronym]] SLF-7, SLF being an acronym for the [[Snowshoe Lava Field]].{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=214}} ''Coffee'' is a reference to the cone's deep colours.{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}
==Geography== Coffee Crater is located in [[Cassiar Land District]] of northwestern [[British Columbia]], Canada, just south of [[Mount Edziza]] at the southern end of the [[Big Raven Plateau]].{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Cassiar Land District}} It has an [[elevation]] of {{convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} and is one of several [[volcanic cone]]s in the [[Snowshoe Lava Field]], which is one of the largest areas of [[Holocene]] lava flows in the [[Mount Edziza volcanic complex]].{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}}{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=214, 229}} The volcanic complex consists of a group of overlapping [[shield volcano]]es, [[stratovolcano]]es, [[lava dome]]s and [[cinder cone]]s that have formed over the last 7.5 million years.{{sfn|Souther|1990|pp=124, 125}} As its name suggests, Coffee Crater contains a [[volcanic crater]]; such features are common among cinder cones.{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Synonyms & Subfeatures}}{{sfn|United States Geological Survey|2011}} The cone is just south of [[Tencho Glacier]], the largest glacier of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Tencho Glacier}}
Coffee Crater is surrounded by a number of other landforms within the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. About {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=off}} northwest and south-southwest of Coffee Crater are [[Cocoa Crater]] and [[Keda Cone]], respectively, both of which are also in the Snowshoe Lava Field. Punch Cone, an older volcanic feature, is about {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} north-northwest of Coffee Crater. [[Cartoona Peak]] about {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Coffee Crater and Kaia Bluff about {{convert|3|km|mi|abbr=on}} east-northeast of the cone are the remains of an even older and larger volcano dubbed Gamma Peak.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}
Coffee Crater lies in [[Mount Edziza Provincial Park]] southeast of the community of [[Telegraph Creek]].{{sfn|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}} With an area of {{Convert|266180|ha|acre|abbr=off}}, Mount Edziza Provincial Park is one of the largest [[provincial parks in British Columbia]] and was established in 1972 to preserve the volcanic landscape.{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}{{sfn|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza|loc=Photo Gallery}} It includes not only the Mount Edziza area but also the [[Spectrum Range]] to the south, both of which are separated by [[Raspberry Pass]].{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}} Mount Edziza Provincial Park is in the [[Tahltan Highland]], a southeast-trending [[Upland and lowland|upland]] area extending along the western side of the [[Stikine Plateau]].{{sfn|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}{{sfn|Holland|1976|p=49}}
==Geology== As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Coffee Crater lies within a broad area of volcanoes called the [[Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province]], which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through [[Yukon]] into easternmost [[Alaska]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Edwards|Russell|2000|pp=1280, 1281, 1283, 1284}} The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are [[alkali basalt]]s and [[hawaiite]]s, but [[nephelinite]], [[basanite]] and [[peralkaline rock|peralkaline]] [[phonolite]], [[trachyte]] and [[comendite]] are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. Volcanism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to [[rift]]ing of the [[North American Cordillera]], driven by changes in relative [[plate tectonics|plate motion]] between the [[North American Plate|North American]] and [[Pacific Plate|Pacific]] plates.{{sfn|Edwards|Russell|2000|p=1280}}
Coffee Crater is a [[basalt]]ic cinder cone of the [[Big Raven Formation]], the youngest [[stratigraphic unit]] of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.{{sfn|Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater}}{{sfn|Souther|1988}} The construction of Coffee Crater took place during the [[Holocene]] and was accompanied by the eruption of [[lava]] and [[tephra]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=27, 207}} It overlies a broad lobe of [[Kakiddi Formation]] [[trachyte]] which likely issued from Punch Cone in the north-northwest on the southwestern flank of [[Ice Peak]].{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=210}} [[Edziza obsidian]] associated with the [[Armadillo Formation]] occurs adjacent to Coffee Crater.{{sfn|Reimer|2015|p=419}}
Coffee Crater was the source of a lava flow that travelled to the southwest.{{sfn|Souther|1992|p=231}} The northern edge of the terminal lobe of this lava flow is bounded by an {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} high [[escarpment]] which likely formed by collapse after the lava flow ponded against and partially overrode stagnant ice on the Big Raven Plateau.{{sfn|Souther|1988}}{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=231, 232}} Exposed in the escarpment are [[pillow lava|pillows]], radial [[columnar jointing]] and minor [[tuff breccia]].{{sfn|Souther|1992|pp=231, 232}}
==See also== {{Portal|Volcanoes|Mountains}} *[[List of Northern Cordilleran volcanoes]] *[[List of volcanoes in Canada]] *[[Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex]]
==Notes== {{notelist}}
==References== {{reflist}}
===Sources=== {{refbegin|30em}} *{{cite map|url=https://volcano.si.edu/maps/GVAlaskaCanada/G910509-006.jpg|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502071600/https://volcano.si.edu/maps/GVAlaskaCanada/G910509-006.jpg|title=Telegraph Creek, Cassiar Land District, British Columbia|scale=1:250,000|series=104 G|map=A 502|edition=3|type=Topographic map|publisher=[[Department of Energy, Mines and Resources]]|year=1989|language=en,fr|archive-date=May 2, 2021|ref={{harvid|Department of Energy, Mines and Resources|1989}}}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=41229|name=Cassiar Land District|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627144631/http://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/41229.html|archive-date=June 27, 2018|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Cassiar Land District}}}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=23|name=Coffee Crater|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001020433/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/23.html|archive-date=October 1, 2021|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Coffee Crater}}}} *{{cite web|title=Coffee Crater|work=Catalogue of Canadian Volcanoes|publisher=[[Natural Resources Canada]]|date=March 10, 2009|url=http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/volcano_e.php?id=svb_ccr_089|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211081030/http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/volcanoes/cat/volcano_e.php?id=svb_ccr_089|archive-date=December 11, 2010|ref={{harvid|Natural Resources Canada: Coffee Crater}}}} *{{cite cgndb|id=JAACD|title=Coffee Crater|access-date=February 9, 2025|ref={{harvid|Geographical Names Data Base: Coffee Crater}}}} *{{cite journal|title=Distribution, Nature, and Origin of Neogene–Quaternary Magmatism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, Canada|last1=Edwards|first1=Benjamin R.|last2=Russell|first2=James K.|journal=[[Geological Society of America Bulletin]]|publisher=[[Geological Society of America]]|pages=1280–1295|volume=112|issue=8|year=2000|issn=0016-7606|doi=10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1280:dnaoon>2.0.co;2|bibcode=2000GSAB..112.1280E}} *{{cite gvp|vn=320060|title=Edziza|archive-date=January 14, 2025|ref={{harvid|Global Volcanism Program: Edziza}}}} *{{cite report|last=Holland|first=Stuart S.|url=http://cmscontent.nrs.gov.bc.ca/geoscience/PublicationCatalogue/Bulletin/BCGS_B048.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114024907/http://cmscontent.nrs.gov.bc.ca/geoscience/PublicationCatalogue/Bulletin/BCGS_B048.pdf|archive-date=November 14, 2018|title=Landforms of British Columbia: A Physiographic Outline|publisher=[[Government of British Columbia]]|volume=48|year=1976|asin=B0006EB676|oclc=601782234}} *{{cite web|url=https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123120553/https://bcparks.ca/explore/parkpgs/mt_edziza/|archive-date=January 23, 2023|title=Mount Edziza Provincial Park|publisher=[[BC Parks]]|ref={{harvid|BC Parks: Mount Edziza Provincial Park}}}} *{{cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html|date=January 3, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241224113216/https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html|archive-date=December 24, 2024|title=Principal Types of Volcanoes|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|ref={{harvid|United States Geological Survey|2011}}}} *{{cite journal|last1=Reimer|first1=Rudy|title=Reassessing the Role of Mount Edziza Obsidian in Northwestern North America|journal=[[Journal of Archaeological Science]]|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|volume=2|pages=418–426|year=2015|issn=2352-409X|doi=10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.04.003|bibcode=2015JArSR...2..418R }} *{{cite map|last1=Souther|first1=J. G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|title=Geology, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia|map=1623A|scale=1:50,000|type=[[Geological map]]|cartography=M. Sigouin, [[Geological Survey of Canada]]|publisher=[[Energy, Mines and Resources Canada]]|year=1988|language=en|doi=10.4095/133498|doi-access=free}} *{{cite book|editor-last1=Wood|editor-first1=Charles A.|editor-last2=Kienle|editor-first2=Jürgen|last1=Souther|first1=Jack G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyDRib-FJh4C|title=Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada|year=1990|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=0-521-43811-X}} *{{cite report|last1=Souther|first1=J. G.|author-link1=Jack Souther|title=The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia|work=[[Geological Survey of Canada]]|publisher=Canada Communication Group|series=Memoir 420|year=1992|isbn=0-660-14407-7|doi=10.4095/133497|doi-access=free}} *{{cite bcgnis|id=15009|name=Tencho Glacier|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607215233/https://apps.gov.bc.ca/pub/bcgnws/names/15009.html|archive-date=June 7, 2024|ref={{harvid|BC Geographical Names: Tencho Glacier}}}} {{refend}}
==External links== *{{cite peakbagger|pid=51408|name=Coffee Crater, British Columbia}}
{{Mount Edziza volcanic complex}} {{Northern Cordilleran volcanoes}}
[[Category:Cinder cones of British Columbia]] [[Category:Holocene cinder cones]] [[Category:Monogenetic cinder cones]] [[Category:Parasitic cones of Mount Edziza]] [[Category:Snowshoe Lava Field]] [[Category:Two-thousanders of British Columbia]]