{{Short description|Old Latin manuscript of the New Testament}} [[File:CodexBobbiensis.jpg|thumb|Codex Bobiensis – The last page of the Gospel of Mark.]]

'''Codex Bobiensis''' or '''Bobbiensis''' is one of the oldest Old Latin manuscripts of the New Testament, albeit in fragmentary form. It is designated by the siglum ''k'' or VL 1 in the Beuron register of Late Latin New Testament manuscripts. The text contains parts of the Gospel of Mark (Mark 8:8-16:8) and Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 1:1-15:36).<ref>The order of books was probably: John, Luke, Mark, and Matthew. See ''Scrivener: A Plain Introduction'' below.</ref>

''Codex Bobiensis'' is the only known example of the ''shorter ending'' added directly to Mark 16:8, but not the "longer ending" through Mark 16:20.<ref>{{Cite book | first=Kurt | last=Aland | author-link=Kurt Aland | first2=Barbara | last2=Aland | author-link2=Barbara Aland | others=Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.) | title=The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism | page=188 | year=1995 | publisher=William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company | location=Grand Rapids | isbn=978-0-8028-4098-1 | url=https://archive.org/details/textnewtestament00kurt | url-access=limited}}</ref> Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), it is assigned to the (375-425) 4th or 5th century AD.{{r|scriv}}

==Mark 16== There is a unique reading following Mark 16:3: :''Subito autem ad horam tertiam tenebrae diei factae sunt per totum orbem terrae, et descenderunt de caelis angeli et surgent in claritate vivi Dei (viri duo?); simul ascenderunt cum eo, et continuo lux facta est.''{{r|Metz-Comm}}

The text requires some guesswork. Biblical scholar Bruce Metzger provides the following translation: :But suddenly at the third hour of the day there was darkness over the whole circle of the earth, and angels descended from the heavens, and as he [the Lord] was rising in the glory of the living God, at the same time they ascended with him; and immediately it was light.<ref name="Metz-Comm">{{Cite book | first=Bruce Manning | last=Metzger | author-link=Bruce Manning Metzger | title=A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament | edition=2nd | pages=101-102 | year=1994 | publisher=German Bible Society | location=Stuttgart | isbn=978-3-438-06010-5}}</ref>

The "Shorter Ending" runs as follows: :Omnia autem quaecumque praecepta erant et qui cum puero erant breviter exposuerunt. Posthaec et ipse ihesus adparuit, et ab orientem usque usque in orientem misit per illos sanctam et incorruptam [praedicationis] salutis aeternae. Amen.

:But they reported briefly to the boy{{efn|The text in Latin reads: "''cum puero''", meaning "to the boy", instead of the most commonly found "''cum petro''", which is "to Peter".<ref>[http://www.bible-researcher.com/bobbiensis.html Codex Bobbiensis (k) The short ending of Mark]. Bible-researcher.com</ref>}} and those with him all that they had been told. And after this, Jesus himself (appeared to them and) sent out by means of them, from east to east, the sacred and imperishable (proclamation) of eternal salvation. Amen.

==Matthew 8== In Matthew 8:12 it represents the textual variant ἐξελεύσονται (''will go out'') instead of ἐκβληθήσονται (''will be thrown'').

This variant is supported only by two Greek manuscripts,''Codex Sinaiticus'' and ''Codex Climaci Rescriptus'', and by the Syriac<sup>c, s, p, pal</sup>, the Armenian, and the ''Diatessaron''.<ref>{{Cite book | title=The Greek New Testament | editor-first1=Kurt| editor-last1=Aland | editor1-link=Kurt Aland | editor-first2=Barbara | editor-last2=Aland | editor2-link=Barbara Aland | editor-first3=Johannes | editor-last3=Karavidopoulos | editor3-link=Johannes Karavidopoulos | editor-first4=Carlo Maria | editor-last4=Martini | editor4-link=Carlo Maria Martini | editor-first5=Bruce Manning | editor-last5=Metzger | editor5-link=Bruce Metzger | edition=4 | page=26 | year=2001 | publisher=United Bible Societies | isbn=978-3-438-05110-3 }} (UBS4).</ref>

== History == The manuscript was probably written in North Africa,<ref name="Burkett">{{Cite journal | author=F. C. Burkitt | author-link=F. C. Burkitt | url=https://archive.org/stream/journaltheologi06unkngoog#page/n118/mode/2up | title=FURTHER NOTES ON CODEX k | journal=Journal of Theological Studies | volume=5 | issue=17 | year=1993 | page=107 | jstor=23949794 | doi=10.1093/jts/os-V.17.100| doi-access=free }}</ref> and is dated to the 4th or 5th century.{{r|Burkett}} Later, it was brought to the monastery in Bobbio in northern Italy. It was traditionally assigned to St. Columban, who died in the monastery he had founded there, in 615.<ref name="scriv">{{Cite book | first=Frederick Henry Ambrose | last=Scrivener | author-link=Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener | title=A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament | volume=2 | page=48 | year=1984 | location=London}}</ref>

Researchers, comparing the ''Codex Bobiensis'' with quotes from Cyprian’s publications from the 3rd century, think it may represent a page from the Bible Cyprian used while he was a bishop in Carthage.{{r|Burkett}} A palaeographic study of the scripture determined it is a copy of a papyrus script from the 2nd century. The text of the codex is considered a representative of the Western text-type. It is currently housed in the Turin National University Library.

==See also== * The 192 images of the manuscript are visible at https://bobbiensis.sib.swiss

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * John Wordsworth, [https://archive.org/details/oldlatinbiblica01unkngoog ''Old-Latin Biblical Text: No II. Portions of the Gospels According to St. Mark and St. Matthew, from the Bobbio ms. (k), now numbered G. VIII. 15 in the National library at Turin; together with other fragments of the Gospels from six mss. in the libraries of St. Gall, Coire, Milan, and Berne (usually cited as n, o, p, a2, s, and t)''], Oxford 1886 * F. C. Burkitt, [https://archive.org/stream/journaltheologi02unkngoog#page/n296/mode/2up ''NOTES. ON ST. MARK XV 34 IN COD. BOBIENSIS.''], [https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-I.2.278 ''JTS Vol. 1, Issue 2, 1900, pp. 278–279.''] * Cuthbert Turner, [https://archive.org/stream/journaltheologi06unkngoog#page/n106/mode/2up ''A RE-COLLATION OF CODEX k OF THE OLD LATIN GOSPELS (TURIN G VII 15)''], [https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-V.17.88 ''JTS Vol. 5, Issue 17, 1903, pp. 88–100.'']

==External links and sources== * [http://www.bible-researcher.com/bobiensis.html Bible Research: Codex Bobbiensis] * [http://www.catholicplanet.com/TSM/NT-Mark.htm Catholic Planet: The Writing of the Gospels – Mark] * [http://www.bibleviews.com/authority-6.html BIBLE VIEWS: Christian Doctrine and Practice: Translations and the Greek Text] * [http://www.biblical-data.org/LATIN_Resources/bobiensis.jpg Image]

Bobiensis