Cocora Valley

{{Short description|Valley in Quindío, Colombia}} {{for|the Romanian commune|Cocora, Ialomiţa}}  {{Infobox protected area | name = Cocora Valley | iucn_category = | image = File:Valle del cocora - general view.jpg | image_caption = View of Valle de Cocora with mountains and clouds | location = Quindío | nearest_city = Salento | coordinates = {{coords|4|38|N|75|29|W|display=inline, title}} | established = September 1985 | visitation_num = 150,000{{Citation needed|reason=please give a reliable source for this number.|date=April 2011}} | visitation_year = | governing_body = Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia}}

The '''Cocora Valley''' ({{langx|es|Valle de Cocora}}) is a valley in the Quindío Department of Colombia. It is located in the Central Cordillera of the Andean mountains. "Cocora" was the name of a Quimbayan princess, daughter of the local chief Acaime, and means "star of water" ({{langx|es|estrella de agua}}).

The valley is part of the Los Nevados National Natural Park, incorporated into the existing national park by the Colombian government in 1985. It is the main location where the national tree of Colombia, the Quindío wax palm (''Ceroxylon quindiuense'') can be found, as well as a wide variety of other flora and fauna (some endangered), all of which are protected under the park's national status.

== Location == The Cocora Valley is located on the upper reaches of the Quindío River, the main river of the namesake department, located at an altitude between 1800 and 2400 meters. The valley is approximately 24 km north-east of the departmental capital Armenia, and accessed via a junction from the Armenia-Pereira highway, running via Boquia to the town of Salento. Vehicles (either private cars or jeep taxis from Salento) can then travel 11 km further on up into the valley as far as "Cocora", a collection of campsites and restaurants - other parts of the valley can only be accessed either by hiking on the numerous trails or horseback.

The Cocora Valley is part of a larger national park, the Los Nevados National Natural Park ({{langx|es|Parque Nacional Natural de Los Nevados}}). The park covers an area of 58,000 hectares (580 km<sup>2</sup>) in total,<ref>[http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.02020802 "Parque Nacionales Natural de Los Nevados" page on Parque Nacionales Naturales de Colombia official website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315224325/http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.02020802 |date=2012-03-15 }}</ref> including the north-eastern part of Quindío.

==History of the valley's protection== To prevent the exploitation of the wax palm and the threat against the endemic species dependent on the palm, mainly due to the celebrations of Palm Sunday, the government of Belisario Betancur proposed the creation of a wildlife sanctuary and the preservation of the wax palm as the national symbol of Colombia. Law 61 of 1985 was ratified on 16 September 1985<ref>[http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=273 Decree-Law 61 of 1985] (in Spanish)</ref> with the following terms:

* "1. The species with the scientific name ''ceroxylon quindiuense,'' commonly known as the wax palm is declared to be the national tree and symbol of Colombia." * "2. In strict accordance with the plans and development programmes the National Government is authorized to carry out the corresponding financial transactions, obtain loans, and sign the necessary contracts, for the purpose of acquiring land in the Central Cordillera which is not owned by the nation, to create one or more national parks or wildlife sanctuaries with the purpose of preserving this national symbol and maintaining its natural environment." * "3. The felling of the wax palm tree is forbidden and punishable with a fine, which may be converted into arrest in the municipality where the infraction was committed, in accordance with the Decree-Law 2811 of 1974." * "4. This Law takes effect from the date of its sanction." thumb|center|upright 2|Wax palms in Cocora Valley

== Climate == The Cocora valley is characterized by its temperate weather, due to its altitude. The prevailing westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean are stopped by the Andean mountains, creating a humid environment favorable to the growth of cloud forest at higher altitudes: rain falls almost daily. Temperatures vary dramatically, even within one day. The average annual temperature is {{convert|15|°C}}, with a maximum of {{convert|25|°C}} and a minimum of {{convert|12|°C}}.

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as subtropical highland (Cfb).<ref name="Climate-Data.org">{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/466520/ |title=Climate: Cocora - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |accessdate=2014-02-09 }}</ref>

== Gallery == <gallery> File:Valle de Cocora, Colombia 06.jpg|Valle de Cocora - General View File:Valle del cocora - wax palm 01.jpg|Wax palms File:Valle de Cocora, Colombia 03.jpg|Hill with Wax Palms in Valle de Cocora File:Valle de Cocora, Colombia 07.jpg|Valle de Cocora File:Valle Cocora Flores.jpg|Wild flowers at cocora valley </gallery>

{{Weather box |metric first=yes |single line=yes |location==Cocora |Jan high C=19.3 |Feb high C=19.4 |Mar high C=19.3 |Apr high C=18.8 |May high C=18.9 |Jun high C=18.7 |Jul high C=19.3 |Aug high C=19.1 |Sep high C=19 |Oct high C=18.1 |Nov high C=18.4 |Dec high C=18.8

|source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 2387m)<ref name="Climate-Data.org"/>

}}

== Flora and fauna == The valley is the location of the majority of the remaining populations of the wax palm (''Ceroxylon quindiuense''). Other flora and fauna that may be found in the valley include

=== Flora === * ''pino romeron'' (''Dissocarpus rospigliosi'') * ''sietecueros'' (''Andesanthus lepidotus'', syn. ''Tibouchina lepidota'') * encenillo (''Weinmannia tormentosa'') * arnica * frailejones (''Espeletia'') * puya

=== Fauna === * mountain tapir (''Tapirus pinchaque'') * spectacled bear (''Tremarctos ornatus'') * puma (''Puma concolor'') * sloths * yellow-eared parrot (''Ognorhynchus icterotis'') * black-billed mountain-toucan (''Andigena nigrirostris'') * Andean guan (''Penelope montagnii'') * Andean condor (''Vultur gryphus'') * hummingbirds (''Trochilidae'')

3 km north-east of "Cocora" up a dirt track is the finca "La Montaña" where there is a nursery for the wax palm.<ref name="Colombia Handbook"> {{cite book | first = Charlie | last = Devereaux | date = Jan 2009 | title = Colombia Handbook | edition = 3rd | publisher = Footprint Handbooks Limited | location = Bath | isbn = 978-1-906098-22-3 | page = [https://archive.org/details/colombiahandbook0000deve/page/266 266] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/colombiahandbook0000deve/page/266 }}</ref>

5 km east of "Cocora" along a trail that may be accessed on foot or on horseback is the Acaime Natural Reserve. The reserve contains 6 to 8 species of hummingbirds as well as other birds and wildlife, as well as a visitor center and restaurant.<ref name="Colombia Handbook"/>

== Tourism == The Cocora valley is a very popular tourist destination in Colombia. The majority of visitors make day visits from Salento, or come for the extensive camping and hiking opportunities in the valley and the national park. Other common activities are bird watching, mountain biking, horse riding, rafting, scenic flights, and swimming in the rivers. The local restaurants specialize in cooking locally farmed freshwater trout in several ways, mainly baked and served in a variety of sauces with ''patacones'' (plantain fritters).

{{wide image|Valle del cocorá.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Cocora Valley}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

== External links == {{Wikivoyage|Valle de Cocora|Cocora Valley}} {{Commons category|Valle de Cocora}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAEXqDNtgto Video of the Hike with downloadable GPS Track] and tips on how to avoid crowds in the very busy tourist area. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053719/http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/PNN/portel/libreria/php/decide.php?patron=01.020208 "Parques Nacionales Natural de Los Nevados" pages on Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia] website (in Spanish and English)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cocora Valley}} Category:Protected areas of Colombia Category:Geography of Quindío Department Category:Tourist attractions in Quindío Department