Clive Doyle

'''Clive Joseph Doyle''' (24 February 1941 – 8 June 2022)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Clive Doyle Obituary (1941-2022) Waco Tribune-Herald |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/wacotrib/name/clive-doyle-obituary?id=35204769 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref> was an Australian leader in the Branch Davidian movement after the Waco siege in 1993. He was a Branch Davidian and a Davidian Seventh-day Adventist before the Waco siege. Doyle was one of nine survivors of the 19 April 1993 fire that destroyed the Mount Carmel Center at the end of the siege. He along with other survivors built a new chapel on the site of the siege in 1999.

== Early life and family == Doyle was born in Melbourne, Australia on 24 February 1941.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sparks |first=Hayden |date=18 July 2022 |title=Prominent Survivor of Waco Siege, Branch Davidian Sect Member Clive Doyle, Died at Age 81 |url=https://thetexan.news/prominent-survivor-of-waco-siege-branch-davidian-sect-member-clive-doyle-died-at-age-81/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=The Texan |language=en-US}}</ref> His mother was a worker in a garment factory, and his father left his mother before he was born.<ref name=":2">{{Cite magazine |last=Gladwell |first=Malcolm |date=24 March 2014 |title=Sacred And Profane |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/03/31/sacred-and-profane-4 |access-date=8 August 2022 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US}}</ref> In Australia, he was a currency printer.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Clive Doyle {{!}} Waco – The Inside Story {{!}} Frontline |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/waco/doylebio.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref> Doyle obtained American citizenship in 1985, according to ''The Dallas Morning News''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 May 1993 |title=Branch Davidians Living and Dead: Who Are They? |work=The Dallas Morning News |url=http://www.zeugmaweb.net/waco/DMN-Waco-930516.html |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref>

Doyle had two daughters with Deborah Doyle (nee Slawson), Shari Elayna Doyle (1 August 1974 – 19 April 1993) and Karen Elizabeth Graham (5 July 1971 – 30 March 2018).<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Talerico |first=Teresa |date=20 March 1993 |title=Mother fighting cult's clutches |url=https://wacotrib.com/news/branch_davidians/mother-fighting-cult-s-clutches/article_9994f2e1-9c50-5ea0-a9ce-d90e24fbfb05.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=WacoTrib.com |language=en}}</ref> Shari died in the 19 April 1993 fire from which her father and sister escaped.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Bucktin |first=Christopher |date=14 April 2020 |title=Dad whose daughter died in Doomsday cult siege says God is to blame for tragedy |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/us-news/dad-whose-daughter-died-doomsday-21867441 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Mirror |language=en}}</ref> Karen was living in a California property owned by the Branch Davidians when the Waco siege began.<ref name=":4" /> About three weeks before the 2018 anniversary service, Karen was killed in a car collision with a drunk driver in Pennsylvania.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Erickson |first=Phillip |date=20 April 2018 |title=Remaining Branch Davidians reflect on Waco tragedy on 25th anniversary |url=https://apnews.com/article/fires-archive-waco-texas-37f261ccb41c44868076b62b84cb429a |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> Both of his daughters were "married" to Koresh<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=14 August 2022 |title=Clive Doyle, leader of Branch Davidian survivors, dies at 81 |url=https://wacotrib.com/news/local/history/clive-doyle-leader-of-branch-davidian-survivors-dies-at-81/article_a907d74e-ec2b-11ec-a4a6-6b434cab7925.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=WacoTrib.com |language=en}}</ref> – Shari was fourteen when they "married".<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Kuruvilla |first=Carol |date=25 March 2014 |title=Waco survivor awaits Branch Davidian leader David Koresh's resurrection |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/waco-survivor-waiting-david-koresh-resurrection-article-1.1734205 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=New York Daily News}}</ref>

== Joining the Davidian Seventh-day Adventists and Branch Davidians == In Melbourne, Australia, Doyle and his mother were converted from Seventh-day Adventism by an itinerant preacher named Daniel Smith<ref name=":2" /> to Victor Houteff's splinter religious community, called the Shepherd's Rod (later known as the Davidian Seventh-day Adventists).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> Doyle quit his job as an apprentice in a cabinet shop in 1958 and moved with his mother to Tasmania to spread Houteff's teachings. Eventually, he raised enough money to move to Waco, Texas in 1964.<ref name=":2" />

Doyle was influential in formulating Lois Roden's theology. In 1980, she named him as an editor of ''SHEkinah'', a Branch Davidian periodical used to disseminate ideas to others. Doyle argued, for example, that the Apostle Paul's "unknown God" in Acts 17 was known to over a billion people but the feminine Holy Spirit was known to a select few.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pitts |first=William L. |date=May 2014 |title=SHEkinah: Lois Roden's Quest for Gender Equality |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/nr.2014.17.4.37 |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=37–60 |doi=10.1525/nr.2014.17.4.37 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2014.17.4.37 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Although, in his book he noted that he had to "wrestle" with Roden for him to finally get that the Holy Spirit was a feminine representation of Deity.<ref>Doyle, Clive with Catherine Wessinger and Matthew D. Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco: Autobiography of a Branch Davidian'' (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012), 73 (ebook version). {{ISBN?}}</ref>

In the 1980s, when David Koresh and George Roden were conflicting over the ownership of the Mount Carmel Center, he temporarily left the group.<ref name=":6" />

In 1990, Doyle worked for the Census Bureau in California taking the 1990 Census. He also reportedly worked in a gardening crew and an educational-video-producing company while with the Branch Davidians.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Hannaford |first=Alex |date=18 April 2013 |title=The Standoff in Waco |url=https://www.texasobserver.org/the-standoff-in-waco/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=The Texas Observer |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Waco siege == {{Main articles|Waco siege}} [[File:Waco Siege – Surrender of four Branch Davidians.jpg|thumb|300px|Doyle and three other Branch Davidians walk down the driveway and surrender as the building burns behind them.]] Doyle was present in the Mount Carmel Center throughout the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) siege. When the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) arrived at the Center on 28 February, Doyle returned to his room on the first floor near the cafeteria. From his room, he could hear what David Koresh was telling the ATF agents as they arrived, though he is not sure of who started the fire fight.<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 130 (ebook version). {{ISBN?}}</ref>

He was one of the first people to discover Perry Jones, another Branch Davidian, who was among those shot and killed by the ATF. Jones was still alive at the time and informed Doyle that Koresh was also shot. He picked up Jones with the help of Livingston Malcolm and brought him into a room deeper into the compound so that he can avoid getting shot through the walls.<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 130–1 (ebook version).</ref>

Soon after, he heard that Winston Blake was killed in the fire fight. He heard running water from the room he was in, which was strange since the compound did not have a plumbing system installed. He found Blake in his room with blood flowing on a downward angle and soaking into the carpet. He could not find a pulse on Blake's body and assumed he was dead (he was confirmed dead that day<ref>{{Cite web |last=England |first=Mark |date=23 January 1994 |title='No one wants to help': Troubled brother-in-law wants to clear cult member's death |url=https://wacotrib.com/news/branch_davidians/no-one-wants-to-help-troubled-brother-in-law-wants-to-clear-cult-member-s/article_d0d342b8-437b-5c39-a09b-c85ed86e692f.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=WacoTrib.com |language=en}}</ref>).<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 131 (ebook version).</ref>

Doyle was responsible for an early burial of the four of six Branch Davidians killed on 28 February 1993 (the other two Branch Davidians were killed outside the compound where those inside could not obtain their bodies). He made a makeshift grave for all four in the storm shelter of the compound.<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 142 (ebook version).</ref>

Throughout the siege, Doyle had some contact with FBI negotiators. In his book, he recalled an episode where he was promised a message from his daughter, Karen, who was in California, but instead got an FBI agent telling him "She just wanted to know how you are doing".<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 139 (ebook version).</ref>

At around 6:00 am local time on 19 April 1993, the FBI administered CS gas throughout the building to drive out the Branch Davidians. Doyle retrieved a gas mask and multiple layers to protect his skin, though his hands were uncovered.<ref>Doyle with Wessinger and Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco'', 151–2 (ebook version).</ref>

Around noon, he heard someone yell out that the building was on fire. He remembered discussing the possibility of being shot by federal agents if he and others left the compound through a hole in a wall at the back of the chapel that a Combat Engineering Vehicle left. Smoke poured into the chapel, and Doyle and the others there ran out of the hole in the wall.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=20 April 2013 |title=Davidian survivors mark 20th anniversary of Waco siege |url=https://www.staradvertiser.com/2013/04/19/breaking-news/davidian-survivors-mark-20th-anniversary-of-waco-siege/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |language=en-US}}</ref> He felt the coat he was wearing melt on his back, according to his Congressional testimony in 1995 as reported by the ''New York Times''.<ref name=":9">{{Cite news |last=Johnston |first=David |date=29 July 1995 |title=Ex-Official Says President Had No Role in Waco Siege |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/29/us/ex-official-says-president-had-no-role-in-waco-siege.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In a written statement to the U.S. Congress in 1995, he stated that he was unaware of the cause of the 19 April fire; however, he had previously told Texas Rangers in an interrogation that the fire was started inside the compound by fuel in Coleman lanterns. ''New York Times'' reported that Doyle claimed he never actually said that to the Texas Rangers.<ref name=":9" />

== Aftermath of the siege == Doyle was sent to Parkland Memorial Hospital in Dallas, Texas, immediately after surviving the conflagration, suffering from second- and third-degree burns to his hands.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hinds |first=Michael DeCourcy |date=21 April 1993 |title=Death in Waco: The Survivors |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/21/us/death-in-waco-the-survivors.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> According to CNN, he required skin grafts to heal from the burns.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Fantz |first=Ashley |date=14 April 2011 |title=18 years after Waco, Davidians believe Koresh was God |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/04/14/waco.koresh.believers/index.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=cnn.com}}</ref> After treatment, he was held in pretrial detention for one year to face charges of murder conspiracy.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pendleton |first=Scott |date=20 July 1995 |title=A view from behind the walls at Waco |journal=Christian Science Monitor |volume=87 |issue=164}}</ref> In a 1994 trial with other Branch Davidians in San Antonio, he was acquitted of all charges against him.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":9" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pressley |first=Sue Anne |date=27 February 1994 |title=Jury Acquits Cult Members in Waco Shootout |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/02/27/jury-acquits-cult-members-of-murder-in-waco-shootout/37c87784-ef5b-4ce3-95dc-a79757ae3f74/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilove |first=Jonathan |date=24 April 2018 |title=25 years later, Waco survivor is keeper of the Davidian flame |url=https://www.cecildaily.com/features/religion/25-years-later-waco-survivor-is-keeper-of-the-davidian-flame/article_4db37147-8f95-561c-95bf-181fcc69ce0c.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Cecil Daily |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Verhovek |first=Sam Howe |date=27 February 1994 |title=11 in Texas Sect Are Acquitted Of Key Charges |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/27/us/11-in-texas-sect-are-acquitted-of-key-charges.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

In 1998, Doyle and other Branch Davidian survivors attempted to erect a museum on the siege's site but encountered trouble with Amo Bishop Roden and the Christ the World of Truth.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Verhovek |first=Sam Howe |date=19 April 1998 |title=5 Years After Waco Standoff, The Spirit of Koresh Lingers |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/19/us/5-years-after-waco-standoff-the-spirit-of-koresh-lingers.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In 1999, Doyle, other survivors, and volunteers rebuilt a chapel on the siege site.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Clarke |first=Deven |date=20 April 2018 |title=Davidian who survived compound fire 25 years ago recounts events of 51-day siege |url=https://www.ksat.com/news/2018/04/20/davidian-who-survived-compound-fire-25-years-ago-recounts-events-of-51-day-siege/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=KSAT |language=en}}</ref> A young Alex Jones (who later founded Infowars.com) was among those who volunteered to help rebuild the chapel, reportedly fundraising and rallying others.<ref>[https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2018/04/16/a-quarter-century-later-dark-theories-still-hover-over-waco-siege/9982805007/ A quarter century later, dark theories still hover over Waco siege], statesman.com. Accessed 11 October 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Michael |date=1 April 2003 |title=The Ghosts of Mount Carmel |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/the-ghosts-of-mount-carmel/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Texas Monthly |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=England |first1=Mark |last2=Witherspoon |first2=Tommy |date=15 September 1999 |title=Texas talk show host to help build church at Mount Carmel |work=Cox News Service}}</ref>

After Timothy McVeigh car-bombed a federal office building in Oklahoma City in 1995, Doyle noted in 2001 – the year of McVeigh's execution – that he saw "no honor" in his actions and that "Tim McVeigh is not any sort of champion from our [the Branch Davidian survivors'] point of view".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Verhovek |first=Sam Howe |date=13 June 2001 |title=Branch Davidians Shed No Tears for McVeigh |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/13/us/branch-davidians-shed-no-tears-for-mcveigh.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Additionally, Doyle expressed fear and concern about the fixation of the far-right and white supremacist groups on the Waco siege to the ''New York Times'' in 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Haberman |first=Clyde |date=12 July 2015 |title=Memories of Waco Siege Continue to Fuel Far-Right Groups |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/13/us/memories-of-waco-siege-continue-to-fuel-far-right-groups.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Doyle spoke out against Charles Pace and his claim to represent the Branch Davidian church after returning to Mount Carmel in 1994. Doyle reportedly refused him access to mementos used in the museum he built on the site in the late 1990s and early 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Angela K. |date=21 April 2007 |title=New religious community slated for Branch Davidian site |url=https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/story/news/2007/04/21/new-religious-community-slated-for-branch-davidian-site/27708751007/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=The Tuscaloosa News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2012, Doyle published a memoir with Catherine Wessinger and Matthew D. Wittmer called ''A Journey to Waco''.<ref>Doyle, Clive with Catherine Wessinger and Matthew D. Wittmer, ''A Journey to Waco: Autobiography of a Branch Davidian'' (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).</ref> Wessinger has produced extensive oral histories from Doyle and other Branch Davidians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wessinger |first=Catherine |date=2005 |title=Autobiographies of Three Surviving Branch Davidians: An Initial Report |journal=Fieldwork in Religion |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=165–197 |doi=10.1558/firn.v1i2.165 |issn=1743-0623}}</ref>

Doyle was an active participant in various memorial and anniversary services for the end of the Waco siege.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dallam |first=Marie M. |date=November 2013 |title=The Branch Davidian Symposium and Twentieth Anniversary Memorial, 18–19 April 2013 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/nr.2013.17.2.61 |journal=Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=61–73 |doi=10.1525/nr.2013.17.2.61 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2013.17.2.61 |url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilove |first=Jonathan |title=Clive Doyle, voice of Davidian survivors, leads memorial service |url=https://www.statesman.com/story/news/2018/04/19/clive-doyle-voice-of-davidian-survivors-leads-memorial-service/10385042007/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Austin American-Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life == In 1998, ''New York Times'' reported that Doyle worked at a store called Waco Natural Foods where he managed the herb displays.<ref name=":11" /> In 2011, CNN reported he worked in a thrift store in Waco.<ref name=":10" />

Doyle remained faithful to David Koresh, the Branch Davidian's leader who died in the 19 April fire, even after his death. In 2020, Doyle told ''Mirror'' (London) that he believed that God was responsible for the siege and not Koresh or anyone else.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Eric |date=26 March 2018 |title=At Bible Study With David Koresh's Last Followers |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/bible-study-david-koreshs-last-followers/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Texas Monthly |language=en}}</ref> Doyle believed that Koresh will be resurrected.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shaw |first=Rissa |date=18 April 2018 |title=Koresh follower blames government, God for 1993 Branch Davidian Siege |url=https://www.kwtx.com/content/news/Branch-Davidi-479487323.html |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=KWTX10 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=John |first=Burnett |date=20 April 2013 |title=Two Decades Later, Some Branch Davidians Still Believe |url=https://www.tpr.org/2013-04-20/two-decades-later-some-branch-davidians-still-believe |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=TPR |language=en}}</ref>

==Death== Doyle died of pancreatic cancer on 8 June 2022, in Waco, aged 81.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Witherspoon |first=Tommy |date=11 June 2022 |title=Clive Doyle, one of last surviving members of Koresh's Branch Davidian sect, dies at 81 |url=https://www.kwtx.com/2022/06/11/clive-doyle-one-last-surviving-members-koreshs-branch-davidian-sect-dies-81/ |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=KWTX10}}</ref>

== References == <references /> {{Branch Davidians}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Doyle, Clive}} Category:1941 births Category:2022 deaths Category:Australian emigrants to the United States Category:Branch Davidians Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Texas Category:Former Seventh-day Adventists Category:Religious leaders from Melbourne Category:Waco siege