{{short description|Political scientist}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}} {{Infobox scientist | name = Clifford M. Lytle | image = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date |1932|05|11}}<ref name=adsobit>{{cite news |url=https://tucson.com/lifestyles/announcements/obituaries/clifford-m-lytle/article_6b35bb93-8e3d-533e-8e64-c3dc4d62cf80.html |title=Clifford M. Lytle obituary |work=Arizona Daily Star |date=12 October 2014 |access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Youngstown, Ohio]] | death_date = {{death date and age |2014|10|09 |1932|05|11}}<ref name=adsobit/> | death_place = [[Tucson, Arizona]] | nationality = | fields = {{ubl|[[Political science]]|[[Native American studies]]|Legal studies}} | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[Cleveland Heights, Ohio]]|[[Case Western Reserve University School of Law]]|[[University of Pittsburgh]]}} | workplaces = [[University of Arizona]] | doctoral_advisor = | doctoral_students = | known_for = | awards = }} '''Clifford M. Lytle''' (May 11, 1932 – October 9, 2014) was a [[political scientist]], scholar of [[Native American studies]], and legal scholar. He was a distinguished university professor in the department of political science at the [[University of Arizona]]. He frequently collaborated with fellow University of Arizona political science professor [[Vine Deloria Jr.]]<ref>{{cite journal |first=Tink |last=Tinker |title=Walking in the Shadow of Greatness: Vine Deloria Jr. in Retrospect |journal=Wíčazo Ša Review |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=167–177 |date=1 October 2006 |doi=10.1353/wic.2006.0025|s2cid=201795866 }}</ref>
==Early life and education== Lytle was born on May 11, 1932, in [[Youngstown, Ohio]], and he grew up in [[Cleveland Heights, Ohio]].<ref name=adsobit/> In 1962, he moved to [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref name=adsobit/> He then attended [[Denison University]] and obtained a B.A. degree, followed by an LL.B. from [[Case Western Reserve University School of Law]], and then a [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] from the [[University of Pittsburgh]].<ref name=adsobit/>
==Career== After completing his PhD, Lytle joined the faculty at the [[University of Arizona]], where he ultimately became a distinguished university professor.<ref name=adsobit/> He also served as the head of the department of political science, and as the interim dean of students.<ref name=adsobit/> During his time as a professor, Lytle wrote several books, two of them coauthored with Vine Deloria Jr.
In 1968, Lytle published the book ''The Warren Court & Its Critics''.<ref>{{cite journal |first=David |last=Adamany |title=Review The Warren Court & Its Critics |journal=The American Political Science Review |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=576–577 |date=1 June 1969 |doi=10.1017/S0003055400262758}}</ref> In 1983, Lytle and Deloria published ''American Indians, American Justice''.<ref>{{cite journal |title=American Indians, American Justice.(Young Adult Review) |journal=Booklist |pages=316 |date=15 October 1983}}</ref> The book details the historical legal relationship between the government of the United States and sovereign tribal nations, tracing the development of the large and often contradictory body of law that consists of overlapping tribal, state, and federal legal systems.<ref name=bataille>{{cite journal |journal=Explorations in Sights and Sounds |number=4 |url=https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=ess |title=Review American Indians, American Justice |first=Gretchen |last=Bataille |year=1984 |access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref> They contrast the traditional focuses of these two systems, characterizing tribal courts as historically emphasizing conciliation and restitution whereas American justice seeks to determine guilt and exact retribution.<ref name=bataille/> They also discuss the role of legal interest groups which have sought to secure rights for indigenous people in the United States, seeking to underscore that those who are under both tribal jurisdiction and American jurisdiction are entitled to the full rights and privileges of any American citizen.<ref name=bataille/>
In 1998, Lytle coauthored another book with Vine Deloria, called ''The Nations Within: The Past and Future of American Indian Sovereignty''.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Margaret |last=Maier Murdock |title=Review The nations within: The past and future of American Indian sovereignty |journal=The Social Science Journal |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=341–342 |year=1987 |doi=10.1016/0362-3319(87)90084-X}}</ref> The book discusses tribal decision-making in the context of a highly complicated federalist system, in which tribes are conditionally afforded the rights of self-governance by the American federal government.<ref name=harris>{{cite journal |first=Fred R. |last=Harris |title=Review The nations within: The past and future of American Indian sovereignty |journal=The American Political Science Review |volume=80 |issue=1 |pages=319–320 |date=1 March 1986|doi=10.2307/1957115 |jstor=1957115 }}</ref> Lytle and Deloria chronicle the history of the relevant federal laws and policies, and make suggestions for ways to restructure the federalist system and tribal governance to produce better results.<ref name=harris/>
Lytle and Deloria had planned to write a third book, but they weren't able to complete it. That third project was eventually completed in 2013 by Deloria's student [[David E. Wilkins]], in the form of Wilkins's book ''Hollow Justice: A History of Indigenous Claims in the United States''.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Andrew H. |last=Fisher |title=Review Hollow Justice: A History of Indigenous Claims in the United States |journal=The Western Historical Quarterly |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=469–470 |date=December 2014 |doi=10.2307/westhistquar.45.4.0469}}</ref>
==Selected works== *"The history of the civil rights bill of 1964", ''The Journal of Negro History'', (1966) *''The Warren Court & Its Critics'' (1968) *''The Supreme Court, Tribal Sovereignty, and Continuing Problems of State Encroachment into Indian Country'', ''[[American Indian Law Review]]'' (1980) *''American Indians, American Justice'', with Vine Deloria Jr. (1983) *''The Nations Within: The Past and Future of American Indian Sovereignty'', with Vine Deloria Jr. (1998)
==References== {{reflist}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lytle, Clifford M.}} [[Category:1932 births]] [[Category:2014 deaths]] [[Category:University of Pittsburgh alumni]] [[Category:University of Arizona faculty]] [[Category:American political scientists]]